Deck no. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

łagodzić (sytuację), zażegnać (kryzys)

A

to defuse

That is because, left to themselves, countries drift into antagonism. Witness the fatal clash of Indian and Chinese forces this week over a border dispute both sides are too proud to defuse.

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2
Q

acute

A

poważny (np. o problemie)

But it showed with devastating clarity how tech firms struggle to bridge the digital chasm between China and America. This poses an acute business risk for Zoom.

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3
Q

głupkowaty

A

dopey

Over the past decade PE lending has shifted away from dopey, distracted banks towards specialist private-credit firms.

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4
Q

wrangling

A

tu: użeranie się z czymś; inne: walka, kłótnia

Data-wrangling of various sorts takes up about 80% of the time consumed in a typical ai project, says Cognilytica.

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5
Q

zatem

A

by extension

In using the term Logos, the Pope situates Christianity and, by extension, the European culture which grew up under its influence, in the tradition of Greek philosophy.

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6
Q

utterance

A

wypowiedź

With the knowledge that money in America is based on debt, it should not come as a surprise to learn that the Federal Reserve System is not the least interested in seeing a reduction in debt in this country, regardless of public utterances to the contrary.

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7
Q

podróż samolotem w nocy

A

redeye

I booked the 9p.m. to San Francisco and the redeye home.

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8
Q

to factor something in

A

wziąć coś pod uwagę

But most analysts so far don’t seem to be factoring in a delay.

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9
Q

to demote

A

degradować (pracownika)

Facebook has deployed a multipronged strategy that includes removing fake accounts and eliminating or demoting inauthentic behavior.

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10
Q

sporo; niemało

A

quite a few

You’re going to have winners and losers, and quite a few losers, says Aurelie L’Hostis, fintech analyst at Forrester Research.

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11
Q

iść zgodnie z planem

A

to go to plan

Many of the region’s consumers tend to browse online then buy offline. Meanwhile, things in emerging markets are not going to plan.

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12
Q

Tinseltown

A

Hollywood

Netflix’s story has had a Tinseltown quality to it since its founding in 1997.

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13
Q

termin określający grupę działającą wewnątrz dużej organizacji, w dużym stopniu autonomiczną, nieskrępowaną przez procesy biurokratyczne, pracującą nad zaawansowanymi lub tajnymi projektami

A

skunk-works

A leading engineer inside Amazon’s Grand Challenge team, a secretive skunk-works unit working on ambitious projects, says morale is rock-bottom. He plans to leave.

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14
Q

on the cusp of something

A

na progu czegoś (np. dorosłego życia), na przełomie czegoś (np. lat)

On the cusp of a stock-option grant that promises to make him nearly $1 billion richer, at least on paper, Elon Musk made a surprising announcement.

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15
Q

potężny

A

grandiose

It is running up against limits of one kind or another, and has failed to deliver on some of its proponents’ more grandiose promises.

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16
Q

krótkotrwały

A

transient

Apple’s fortunes also give Washington politicians a good reason to think twice before escalating conflicts for transient political, rather than long-term strategic, gains.

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17
Q

wniosek

A

inference

Humans can try to forbid such inferences, says Fabrice Ciais, who runs pwc’s machine-learning team in Britain (and Amazon tried to do exactly that).

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18
Q

daremny trud

A

fool’s errand

To many of us, a natural life is something we can just make out in the rear-view mirror—and ought to go back and embrace. But it’s a fool’s errand.

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19
Q

buoyant

A

zwyżkujący, rosnący, prężny (np. zyski, gospodarka)

Mr Bezos, who has added $54bn to his net worth thanks to his company’s buoyant share price while low-paid warehouse workers toil through the pandemic, “needs to lean over backwards to make sure workers are properly treated”, cautions a leading Silicon Valley venture capitalist.

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20
Q

nieznośny, potworny (np. ból)

A

excruciating

Day 2, which Mr Bezos characterises as Stasis. Followed by irrelevance. Followed by excruciating, painful decline, has not yet dawned. But it is well past noon on Day 1.

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21
Q

underwhelmed

A

zawiedziony, zniechęcony, niewzruszony

But new phone features— like Wind Down Mode to help you get to sleep on time, and a watch that scolds you if you don’t wash your hands long enough—leave me underwhelmed.

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22
Q

szokujący

A

staggering

If all the bank loans were paid, no one could have a bank deposit, and there would not be a dollar of coin or currency in circulation. This is a staggering thought.

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23
Q

domain

A

dziedzina

In medical diagnostics, for instance, amateur data-labellers can be trained to become almost as good as doctors at recognising things like fractures and tumours. But some amount of what AI researchers call domain expertise is vital.

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24
Q

to scramble

A

walczyć rozpaczliwie

Milan, Paris or New York this time of year would usually be teeming with fashionistas scrambling to get from the Balenciaga show to the Chanel party.

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25
Q

narzędzie, przyrząd

A

implement

ln spite of all the broken implements of war that had piled up in its courtyard, there were still vines growing around the doors and windows in the stucco façade of a building that was typically European, typically French.

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26
Q

meticulously

A

drobiazgowo, skrupulatnie

All this might appear to fit the script Mr Bezos has written over the years in his letters to shareholders, which are now pored over by investors as meticulously as those of Mr Buffett.

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27
Q

glittering

A

świetlany (np. kariera, przyszłość)

They have slowly picked up as Asia, then Europe and America, started reopening. Even so, the outlook for the luxury world is far from glittering.

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28
Q

lookalike

A

sobotwór; wierna kopia

If you create a stockmarket clone of Amazon lookalikes, including Shopify, Netflix and ups, it has outperformed Amazon this year.

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29
Q

sygnał ostrzegawczy

A

red flag

(raise a red flag = budzić wątpliwości)

In those cases, too, Deutsche Bank failed to act on clear red flags, which resulted in those banks being able to transfer funds, including to the U.S.

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30
Q

spłacić dług

A

to clear a debt

Anticipation of the need to clear this debt creates a demand for the pure fiat dollar.

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31
Q

wspólnie z kimś

A

in concert with somebody

Two simulated future trade-war games conducted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies in early 2019 found that some of the most effective bargaining strategies with China involved threats to cut off technology exports—especially in concert with allies.

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32
Q

debt-laden

A

zadłużony

Their debt-laden parents may be forced once more to license shows to Netflix. Disney, its most formidable nemesis, will lack the financial muscle to kill it off completely.

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33
Q

rzucić się na kogoś

A

to pounce

For years PE barons have boasted of their huge piles of dry powder, which, if spent in a downturn, might generate outsized returns. Now it is time to pounce.

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34
Q

to pinch

A

podwędzić, zakosić, rąbnąć, buchnąć

Anti-Amazon feeling grew stronger in April, after the Wall Street Journal reported that Amazon employees used data on third-party sellers to pinch ideas for the private-label business.

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35
Q

to teem with something

A

to roić się od czegoś, obfitować w coś

Bars were teeming with locals and tourists sipping Guinness to live music, while the Irish National Opera was performing Engelbert Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel, at the nearby Abbey Theatre.

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36
Q

świetlany (np. kariera, przyszłość)

A

glittering

They have slowly picked up as Asia, then Europe and America, started reopening. Even so, the outlook for the luxury world is far from glittering.

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37
Q

zniszczyć; ugasić

A

to extinguish

Since this amount is classified as interest, it is not extinguished as is the larger portion which is a return of the loan itself.

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38
Q

grace period

A

prolongata, karencja (okres zwolnienia z płacenia np. podatków)

The Economy Ministry said it would instead use a 30-day grace period on about $500 million in interest payments for three foreign bonds as it continues to seek a sustainable debt profile with creditors.

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39
Q

scripture

A

święta księga

The marriage of Hebrew scripture and Greek philosophy that begat Christianity and subsequently Europe is not mere coincidence, nor is Greek philosophy some adulteration of an otherwise pure Gospel.

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40
Q

to wage war on somebody

A

prowadzić wojnę przeciwko komuś

In the instance of the Regensburg speech, the outrage surrounding the Manuel II Paleologos quote achieved two ends: first, it strengthened the neoconservative hold over the Catholic mind by giving the impression that Muslims were fanatics determined to wage jihad against both the pope and the Church (the Muslim/Catholic alliance against abortion, which I personally witnessed at the World Population Conference in Cairo in 1994, gave the opposite impression), and secondly, it obscured the real topic of the talk, which was Logos and the central role it plays in both Europe and the Church.

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41
Q

to wage

A

prowadzić (np. wojnę przeciwko czemuś)

Fintech is prone to the same risks that the financial sector faces and the technology brings its own new risks, says Stasys Jakeliunas, a Lithuanian MEP who has waged a political campaign against Revolut.

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42
Q

złożony, o wielu aspektach

A

multi-faceted

Former officials, analysts and investors warn that risks appear to have migrated from the banks into a sprawling, multi-faceted investment industry which has grown tremendously over the past decade, partly by stepping into the void left by banks.

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43
Q

to pick up

A

poprawiać się, polepszać się (o sytuacji)

They have slowly picked up as Asia, then Europe and America, started reopening. Even so, the outlook for the luxury world is far from glittering.

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44
Q

redeye

A

podróż samolotem w nocy

I booked the 9p.m. to San Francisco and the redeye home.

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45
Q

zarwać noc

A

to pull an all-nighter

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

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46
Q

goodwill

A

reputacja, renoma firmy

Americans’ reliance on the company and the goodwill it has generated with consumers may help it, says an antitrust expert close to Congress.

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47
Q

strong

A

określenie ilości lub liczby osób

BA has announced plans to cut up to 30 per cent of its 42,000-strong workforce, while Ryanair is looking at axing 15 per cent.

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48
Q

suffocating

A

duszny; duszący

lt was a suffocatingly hot day in June of 1918, and the Wandsbeker Hussars were now quartered in a French village on the Soissons-Rheims Line that had lost its strategic significance.

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49
Q

to kowtow

A

kłaniać się w pas

The dangers of kowtowing to China.

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50
Q

fiasko, plajta

A

fizzle

That early optimism had fizzled by the 1970s.

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51
Q

to go to plan

A

iść zgodnie z planem

Many of the region’s consumers tend to browse online then buy offline. Meanwhile, things in emerging markets are not going to plan.

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52
Q

red flag

A

sygnał ostrzegawczy

(raise a red flag = budzić wątpliwości)

In those cases, too, Deutsche Bank failed to act on clear red flags, which resulted in those banks being able to transfer funds, including to the U.S.

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53
Q

fervently

A

żarliwie

These and similar developments are the private functional equivalent of China’s social-credit ratings, which critics in the West so fervently decry.

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54
Q

comprehensive

A

kompleksowy

It is hard to use ai to monitor covid-19 transmission without a comprehensive database of everyone’s movements, for instance.

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55
Q

second-best

A

namiastka; byle co; gorsza opcja

Sometimes, however, the world must work without America even if that is second-best.

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56
Q

zająć się kimś; zacząć konkurować

A

to take on

Storonsky’s ambitions have grown exponentially since his first interview with the FT in May 2016, when he talked about taking on supermarkets and the UK Post Office to win a foothold in the market for foreign exchange services.

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57
Q

insurgent

A

buntownik; zbuntowany; powstaniec

Yet Revolut’s transformation from insurgent start-up to global financial services player has been bumpy – and is far from complete.

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58
Q

loose-lipped

A

niepotrafiący trzymać języka za zębami, niepotrafiący dochować tajemnicy

Storonsky tends to avoid the gossip traded by other executives in London’s loose-lipped fintech industry, although he enjoys an intensive debate on the future of banking.

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59
Q

podział (np. w zespole), czynnik mogący spowodować rozłam

A

faultline

The country’s faultlines are familiar for Europe.

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60
Q

to pull the plug

A

odciąć fundusze, zaprzestać finansowania

The strange nature of the recession may mean PE managers are unwilling to pull the plug as activity is likely to resume after the shutdown.

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61
Q

robić coś szybko (i niedokładnie)

A

to bang out

Meanwhile, Netflix will try to entrench its global lead, not least by banging out more international smash hits like Money Heist. When El Profesor declares, prophetically, We are the Resistance, he could be channelling Mr Hastings.

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62
Q

stature

A

renoma, pozycja (społeczna), ranga

China’s stature is growing along with its contributions—it now pays 12% of the un budget compared with 1% in 2000.

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63
Q

to dilute

A

rozcieńczać

China’s economy is simply too large and too well integrated into global trade networks. Chinese exports end up elsewhere, diluting tariffs’ impact.

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64
Q

to dispatch

A

wysyłać

Even in its early, dvd-dispatching days Netflix won its subscribers’ hearts and minds—and so their wallets—with plentiful content and great customer service.

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65
Q

multi-faceted

A

złożony, o wielu aspektach

Former officials, analysts and investors warn that risks appear to have migrated from the banks into a sprawling, multi-faceted investment industry which has grown tremendously over the past decade, partly by stepping into the void left by banks.

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66
Q

poważny (np. o problemie)

A

acute

But it showed with devastating clarity how tech firms struggle to bridge the digital chasm between China and America. This poses an acute business risk for Zoom.

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67
Q

podwędzić, zakosić, rąbnąć, buchnąć

A

to pinch

Anti-Amazon feeling grew stronger in April, after the Wall Street Journal reported that Amazon employees used data on third-party sellers to pinch ideas for the private-label business.

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68
Q

determinacja

A

resolve

CSIS also found that signaling U.S. resolve to absorb and offset the cost of a prolonged economic conflict was critical.

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69
Q

analiza (celem ustalenia skutków niepowodzenia), badanie powypadkowe; sekcja zwłok

A

post mortem

The post mortem revealed a circular, self-reinforcing problem. The system had been trained on the CVs of previous successful applicants to the firm.

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70
Q

idiot savant

A

genialny głupiec

The result is an artificial idiot savant that can excel at well-bounded tasks, but can get things very wrong if faced with unexpected input.

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71
Q

fatalista, osoba przewidująca katastrofy

A

doom-monger

Existential worries about clever computers making radiologists or lorry drivers obsolete—let alone, as some doom-mongers suggest, posing a threat to humanity’s survival—seem overblown.

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72
Q

to sunder

A

rozdzielać na kawałki

Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic senator and scourge of big tech, has proposed sundering Amazon’s private-label business—which produces goods for sale on the site—from that of third-party sellers on its platform.

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73
Q

błędne przekonanie, błędne rozumowanie; błąd logiczny

A

fallacy

It is true that there is not enough money created to include the interest, but it is a fallacy that the only way to pay it back is to borrow still more.

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74
Q

wypowiedź

A

utterance

With the knowledge that money in America is based on debt, it should not come as a surprise to learn that the Federal Reserve System is not the least interested in seeing a reduction in debt in this country, regardless of public utterances to the contrary.

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75
Q

mieć całkowitą kontrolę nad czymś, zdawać sobie z czegoś sprawę, być na bieżąco z czymś

A

to stay on top of something

Yet the majority of Storonsky’s critics are more concerned that Revolut has simply grown too fast to stay on top of the complexity of running a global financial services platform.

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76
Q

spełniający wymagania; odpowiedni

A

eligible

This past week, he became eligible for the first of 12 tranches of the stock options because Tesla’s market value had remained above $100 billion for a specified amount of time.

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77
Q

quite a few

A

sporo; niemało

You’re going to have winners and losers, and quite a few losers, says Aurelie L’Hostis, fintech analyst at Forrester Research.

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78
Q

to be here to stay

A

zostać na zawsze; zadomowić się na dobre

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago adds: Debt—public and private—is here to stay. It plays an essential role in economic processes. What is required is not the abolition of debt, but its prudent use and intelligent management.

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79
Q

umiejętność rządzenia krajem

A

statecraft

Is it even possible to effectively influence such a dominant trading power through economic statecraft?

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80
Q

to kill off something

A

wybić coś, wytłuc coś, wytępić coś

Their debt-laden parents may be forced once more to license shows to Netflix. Disney, its most formidable nemesis, will lack the financial muscle to kill it off completely.

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81
Q

zawiedziony, zniechęcony, niewzruszony

A

underwhelmed

But new phone features— like Wind Down Mode to help you get to sleep on time, and a watch that scolds you if you don’t wash your hands long enough—leave me underwhelmed.

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82
Q

to extinguish

A

zniszczyć; ugasić

Since this amount is classified as interest, it is not extinguished as is the larger portion which is a return of the loan itself.

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83
Q

docile

A

uległy

Unlike Christianity, Islam is not docile to Logos, nor for that matter is Islam’s God; God’s will is arbitrary, inscrutable.

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84
Q

skłonność

A

propensity

Behind the scenes, and unbeknownst to most Americans, data brokers have developed algorithmic scores for each one of us—scores that rate us on reliability, propensity to repay loans, and likelihood to commit a crime.

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85
Q

interchangeable

A

wymienny; zamienny

With the exception of JPMorgan, which is inextricably linked to Jamie Dimon, its charismatic and long-serving chief executive, most lenders style themselves as institutions in which high-ranking executives are interchangeable cogs in a larger machine.

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86
Q

pozbyć się (nieform)

A

to unload

In emails Thursday, he told The Wall Street Journal that he also plans to unload four other houses in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Bel-Air.

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87
Q

zmuszać

A

to impel

If they hesitate, they will risk a great unravelling—much like the nightmare in the 1920s and 1930s that first impelled the allies to create the unand its siblings.

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88
Q

ground zero

A

strefa zero

the point on the earth’s surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomba starting point or base for an activity

That is quite a run for a company that makes the bulk of its money selling gadgets produced in the global pandemic’s ground zero.

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89
Q

nie zostać zrozumianym lub zauważonym przez kogoś

A

to be lost on somebody

The risk of Amazon’s labour practices inviting more regulatory scrutiny—and, possibly worse, alienating brainboxes—is not lost on investors.

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90
Q

dominować

A

to bestride

No firm bestrides the physical and digital worlds in the way Amazon does.

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91
Q

ożywić

A

to exhilarate

Think instead of the bearded El Profesor and the other rogues who populate Money Heist, the streaming firm’s exhilarating Spanish-language crime drama about stealing €2.4bn ($2.6bn) from the national mint in Madrid.

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92
Q

w siódmym niebie

A

over the moon

Wall Street is so over the moon about Apple Inc.’s next iPhone that few seem to care when it will actually arrive.

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93
Q

dziedzina

A

domain

In medical diagnostics, for instance, amateur data-labellers can be trained to become almost as good as doctors at recognising things like fractures and tumours. But some amount of what AI researchers call domain expertise is vital.

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94
Q

rump of something

A

niedobitki czegoś

If the e-commerce rump were to inherit a hefty chunk of the company’s $59bn cash pile it might be able to keep spending—but not for long, at its recent rates.

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95
Q

osoba siejąca panikę

A

scaremonger

He said his family background was irrelevant, denied any suggestion Revolut was funded by the Kremlin and cautioned that scaremongering campaigns could deter foreign investment.

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96
Q

lowly

A

podrzędny, o niskim statusie i znaczeniu, mało znaczący

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

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97
Q

staggering

A

szokujący

If all the bank loans were paid, no one could have a bank deposit, and there would not be a dollar of coin or currency in circulation. This is a staggering thought.

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98
Q

zaledwie

A

mere

Trends once expected to play out over a decade may unfold in mere quarters.

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99
Q

ciężar, obciążenie, przeszkoda (coś lub ktoś, kto nas powstrzymuje)

A

drag

AWS has the resources to defend its market-leading position. But in the cloud wars any handicap could cost it dearly. Its parent may be becoming one such drag.

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100
Q

puny

A

mizerny

As a result, returns excluding aws are puny and the pandemic is squeezing margins in e-commerce further.

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101
Q

general-purpose

A

uniwersalny

As Mr Pichai’s comparison with electricity and fire suggests, machine learning is a general-purpose technology—one capable of affecting entire economies.

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102
Q

to obviate

A

zażegnać

An aws spinoff, if it occurred, might obviate the need for drastic antitrust action.

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103
Q

unwary

A

nieostrożny

Even when data do exist, they can contain hidden assumptions that can trip the unwary.

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104
Q

to pertain to something

A

dotyczyć czegoś

Surveying the field of medical ai in 2019, Eric Topol, a cardiologist and AI enthusiast, wrote that the state of ai hype has far exceeded the state of AI science, especially when it pertains to validation and readiness for implementation in patient care.

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105
Q

stały klient; mecenas; sponsor

A

patron

Some bars and restaurants now run background checks on their patrons to see whether they’re likely to pay their tab or cause trouble.

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106
Q

ślęczeć nad czymś, studiować coś uważnie (np. mapę)

A

to pore over something

All this might appear to fit the script Mr Bezos has written over the years in his letters to shareholders, which are now pored over by investors as meticulously as those of Mr Buffett.

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107
Q

transient

A

krótkotrwały

Apple’s fortunes also give Washington politicians a good reason to think twice before escalating conflicts for transient political, rather than long-term strategic, gains.

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108
Q

slingshot

A

proca

Apple has become IBM, it’s become AT&T—a vertical giant waiting for a future David to come along with a horizontal slingshot.

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109
Q

tradycyjne metody

A

shoe leather

Contact tracing has been done with shoe leather and telephone calls.

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110
Q

w ogóle, absolutnie, zupełnie

A

whatsoever

The first fact that needs to be considered is that our money today has no gold or silver behind it whatsoever.

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111
Q

zadłużony

A

debt-laden

Their debt-laden parents may be forced once more to license shows to Netflix. Disney, its most formidable nemesis, will lack the financial muscle to kill it off completely.

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112
Q

przewaga liczebna, przewaga

A

preponderance

The problem may reflect a preponderance of white faces in their training data.

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113
Q

to trip

A

podstawić nogę; podciąć kogoś

Even when data do exist, they can contain hidden assumptions that can trip the unwary.

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114
Q

unremittingly

A

bezustannie

Letting go of aws would mark by far the most dramatic reorganisation in Amazon’s unremittingly accretive history.

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115
Q

drag

A

ciężar, obciążenie, przeszkoda (coś lub ktoś, kto nas powstrzymuje)

AWS has the resources to defend its market-leading position. But in the cloud wars any handicap could cost it dearly. Its parent may be becoming one such drag.

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116
Q

osboba uczęszczająca, osoba bywająca gdzieś

A

goer

After an hour of chat, the RevRally-goers in Dublin took their seats to hear presentations from company executives.

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117
Q

post mortem

A

analiza (celem ustalenia skutków niepowodzenia), badanie powypadkowe; sekcja zwłok

The post mortem revealed a circular, self-reinforcing problem. The system had been trained on the CVs of previous successful applicants to the firm.

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118
Q

lifeblood

A

fundament, siła napędowa

In theory, the world is awash with data, the lifeblood of modern AI.

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119
Q

to pounce

A

rzucić się na kogoś

For years PE barons have boasted of their huge piles of dry powder, which, if spent in a downturn, might generate outsized returns. Now it is time to pounce.

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120
Q

namiastka; byle co; gorsza opcja

A

second-best

Sometimes, however, the world must work without America even if that is second-best.

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121
Q

to stir up

A

powodować (problemy), prowokować coś

Not only did that provoke a backlash abroad, exploited by Russia and China, but it also stirred up resentment at home.

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122
Q

mere

A

zaledwie

Trends once expected to play out over a decade may unfold in mere quarters.

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123
Q

fałszerstwo

A

adulteration

The marriage of Hebrew scripture and Greek philosophy that begat Christianity and subsequently Europe is not mere coincidence, nor is Greek philosophy some adulteration of an otherwise pure Gospel.

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124
Q

defamation

A

zniesławienie

Last year, Mr. Musk’s ability to access cash came up again during a defamation lawsuit over comments he made about a man involved in the rescue of a Thai soccer team from a flooded cave in 2018. A lawyer in the case said in a filing that Mr. Musk had described himself as financially illiquid.

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125
Q

inference

A

wniosek

Humans can try to forbid such inferences, says Fabrice Ciais, who runs pwc’s machine-learning team in Britain (and Amazon tried to do exactly that).

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126
Q

fizzle

A

fiasko, plajta

That early optimism had fizzled by the 1970s.

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127
Q

furlough

A

bezpłatny urlop

The company entered the crisis in a more secure position than most of its peers, some of which have already had to sack or furlough hundreds of staff.

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128
Q

od A do Z

A

from soup to nuts

IBM was a vertical giant and did everything from soup to nuts: chips, hardware, operating system, software, applications, services.

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129
Q

brainbox

A

tęga głowa

The risk of Amazon’s labour practices inviting more regulatory scrutiny—and, possibly worse, alienating brainboxes—is not lost on investors.

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130
Q

jak coś jest od wszystkiego, to jest od niczego

A

jack of all trades, master of none

And Amazon’s role as a digital jack-of-all-trades creates conflicts of interest.

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131
Q

propensity

A

skłonność

Behind the scenes, and unbeknownst to most Americans, data brokers have developed algorithmic scores for each one of us—scores that rate us on reliability, propensity to repay loans, and likelihood to commit a crime.

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132
Q

gridlock

A

zator

One threat is antagonism between America and China, which could create gridlock in global bodies, exacerbated by competing parallel financial and security arrangements.

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133
Q

turnout

A

frekwencja

The quarter-century-record turnout and the knife-edge result it produced gave evidence to how deeply political and cultural polarization is now felt in Poland.

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134
Q

mint

A

tu: mennica

Think instead of the bearded El Profesor and the other rogues who populate Money Heist, the streaming firm’s exhilarating Spanish-language crime drama about stealing €2.4bn ($2.6bn) from the national mint in Madrid.

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135
Q

patron

A

stały klient; mecenas; sponsor

Some bars and restaurants now run background checks on their patrons to see whether they’re likely to pay their tab or cause trouble.

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136
Q

sobotwór; wierna kopia

A

lookalike

If you create a stockmarket clone of Amazon lookalikes, including Shopify, Netflix and ups, it has outperformed Amazon this year.

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137
Q

działać zgodnie z czymś, zastosować się do czegoś (np. do rady), uwzględnić coś

A

to act on

In those cases, too, Deutsche Bank failed to act on clear red flags, which resulted in those banks being able to transfer funds, including to the U.S.

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138
Q

niewielki

A

meagre

Zoom’s relationship with China is complex. The American company has meagre sales on the mainland.

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139
Q

flight

A

ucieczka

And courts regularly rely on algorithms to determine a defendant’s flight risk, recidivism risk, and more.

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140
Q

superior

A

lepszy, ponadprzeciętny, o wysokiej jakości

The AWS cloud is considered superior to the others in terms of reliability and speed.

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141
Q

strefa zero

A

ground zero

the point on the earth’s surface directly above or below an exploding nuclear bomba starting point or base for an activity

That is quite a run for a company that makes the bulk of its money selling gadgets produced in the global pandemic’s ground zero.

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142
Q

contentious

A

kontrowersyjny; kłótliwy

Before Tesla went public, Mr. Musk told a judge during a contentious divorce with his first wife that he had run out of cash and had taken on emergency loans from friends to support his family and pay living expenses.

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143
Q

stanąć na nogi (po problemach)

A

to get back on one’s feet

Disney is likely to be the first of the covid-stricken media titans to get back on its feet when lockdowns end. But right now it is ailing.

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144
Q

in concert with somebody

A

wspólnie z kimś

Two simulated future trade-war games conducted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies in early 2019 found that some of the most effective bargaining strategies with China involved threats to cut off technology exports—especially in concert with allies.

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145
Q

to impel

A

zmuszać

If they hesitate, they will risk a great unravelling—much like the nightmare in the 1920s and 1930s that first impelled the allies to create the unand its siblings.

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146
Q

blichtr; balanga

A

razzle-dazzle

But lockdown restrictions mean it must forgo the razzle-dazzle reunion of “Friends” cast members.

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147
Q

ucieczka

A

flight

And courts regularly rely on algorithms to determine a defendant’s flight risk, recidivism risk, and more.

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148
Q

to be oblivious to something

A

nie zważać na coś

Machine learning is full of examples of Mr Knuth’s dictum, in which machines have followed the letter of the law precisely, while being oblivious to its spirit.

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149
Q

to fall from grace

A

wypaść z łask, popaść w niełaskę

Wirecard’s fall from grace.

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150
Q

tu: wystarczająco duży

A

ample

Someone has to borrow every dollar we have in circulation, cash, or credit. If the banks create ample synthetic money we are prosperous; if not, we starve.

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151
Q

krytykować

A

to censure

The UN is bureaucratic and infuriating. Its agencies fall prey to showboating and hypocrisy, as when despots on its Human Rights Council censure Israel yet again.

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152
Q

określenie ilości lub liczby osób

A

strong

BA has announced plans to cut up to 30 per cent of its 42,000-strong workforce, while Ryanair is looking at axing 15 per cent.

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153
Q

to do one’s part

A

zrobić, co do kogoś należy, zrobić swoje

Books have been written, reports published and scattered abroad, statistics skillfully set forth for the purpose of showing that the Jew does his part for the country in which he resides; and yet the fact remains that in spite of these most zealous and highly sponsored campaigns, the opposite assertion is stronger and lives longer.

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154
Q

doom-monger

A

fatalista, osoba przewidująca katastrofy

Existential worries about clever computers making radiologists or lorry drivers obsolete—let alone, as some doom-mongers suggest, posing a threat to humanity’s survival—seem overblown.

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155
Q

conflate

A

łączyć

People seem to conflate spending with creating money in successful businesses, he said: In recent years, billionaire has become… a pejorative, like that’s a bad thing, which I don’t think makes a lot of sense in most cases.

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156
Q

implement

A

narzędzie, przyrząd

ln spite of all the broken implements of war that had piled up in its courtyard, there were still vines growing around the doors and windows in the stucco façade of a building that was typically European, typically French.

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157
Q

die-hard

A

zagorzały

But since its launch in 2015, Revolut has managed to build a small army of die-hard fans among its 12 million customers.

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158
Q

stawka akordowa

A

piece rate

Mechanical Turk, another subdivision of Amazon, connects firms with an army of casual human workers who are paid a piece rate to perform repetitive tasks.

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159
Q

utrzymać przewagę

A

to hold the advantage

2015 analysis of a theoretical Taiwan conflict by think tank Rand Corp. found that while the U.S. still holds the advantage, the balance of power has shifted rapidly.

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160
Q

bezpłatny urlop

A

furlough

The company entered the crisis in a more secure position than most of its peers, some of which have already had to sack or furlough hundreds of staff.

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161
Q

przesadzony

A

overblown

Existential worries about clever computers making radiologists or lorry drivers obsolete—let alone, as some doom-mongers suggest, posing a threat to humanity’s survival—seem overblown.

162
Q

oprócz

A

save

Amazon’s advertising revenues are now $11bn; its 7% share of the global online-ad market is larger than any save Google’s (38%) and Facebook’s (22%).

163
Q

dotyczyć czegoś

A

to pertain to something

Surveying the field of medical ai in 2019, Eric Topol, a cardiologist and AI enthusiast, wrote that the state of ai hype has far exceeded the state of AI science, especially when it pertains to validation and readiness for implementation in patient care.

164
Q

inextricably

A

nierozerwalnie

With the exception of JPMorgan, which is inextricably linked to Jamie Dimon, its charismatic and long-serving chief executive, most lenders style themselves as institutions in which high-ranking executives are interchangeable cogs in a larger machine.

165
Q

gunmetal

A

spiżowy (kolor - szary)

Whereas rival Monzo’s coral-pink colour scheme and anthropomorphic mascot highlight a playful ambition to “build a bank with everyone”, Revolut’s gunmetal steel cards suggest something colder and cooler than its peers. Anecdotally, at least, they are popular among the “finance bros” who work in the City of London.

166
Q

fundament, siła napędowa

A

lifeblood

In theory, the world is awash with data, the lifeblood of modern AI.

167
Q

to make up

A

nadrobić; zrekompensować

If Tesla stocks fall below a certain level, financial institutions can call in the loans unless Mr. Musk makes up the difference.

168
Q

buntownik; zbuntowany; powstaniec

A

insurgent

Yet Revolut’s transformation from insurgent start-up to global financial services player has been bumpy – and is far from complete.

169
Q

i tym podobne; itp. (skrót)

A

and the like

Teaching the machines required showing them a lot of training data in the form of videos of customers browsing shelves, picking up items, putting them back and the like.

170
Q

utrwalać, umacniać

A

to consolidate

Because of the pandemic, NBC Universal (which is part of Comcast, a cable operator) has staggered the start of its Peacock streaming service, giving Netflix more time to consolidate its lead.

171
Q

second to none

A

nie mający sobie równych

In the physical world, it has a logistics system second to none.

172
Q

wezwania do uzupełnienia depozytu zabezpieczającego

A

margin call

In 2016, as Mr. Musk was trying to persuade investors to approve his plans to have Tesla acquire a struggling SolarCity, his brother, Kimbal Musk, had faced margin calls on loans tied to SolarCity stock he owned, according to court records.

173
Q

niezdarny, niezgrabny

A

clunky

Zoom’s achievements go beyond mere lucre. Its videoconferencing tools have the intuitive simplicity of an Apple product. It has made working from home feel not clunky, but chic.

174
Q

passage of time

A

upływ czasu

Mr Bezos has managed to keep Amazon from ageing beyond Day 1 for longer than most companies can dream of. But not even the best magician can stop the passage of time.

175
Q

leery

A

nieufny

It needed cash from the rest of the group, as well as technology and data. But Mr Bezos’s habit of moving into new industries means that there are now ever more rivals leery of giving their data to it.

176
Q

to work out

A

rozgryź coś; rozpracować coś; zrozumieć coś

The researchers discovered that the machine had been able to work out which hospital a scan had come from.

177
Q

dobiegać do końca

A

run its course

Sensing that Hellenistic hegemony over Palestine had run its course, Pompey played off the descendants of Alexander the Great’s generals against each other as a prelude to seizing power and completing the ring of Roman rule around the Mediterranean.

178
Q

wielowymiarowy, wieloaspektowy

A

multipronged

Facebook has deployed a multipronged strategy that includes removing fake accounts and eliminating or demoting inauthentic behavior.

179
Q

reality check

A

zderzenie z rzeczywistością; zejście na ziemię

She needs a reality check because she’s living in her own world.

180
Q

worth one’s salt

A

warty pieniędzy, które dostają (zazwyczaj dużych)

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

181
Q

eligible

A

spełniający wymagania; odpowiedni

This past week, he became eligible for the first of 12 tranches of the stock options because Tesla’s market value had remained above $100 billion for a specified amount of time.

182
Q

zakłócać

A

to roil

The stock is up 96% this year through Friday, even as the markets have been roiled by concerns about a global recession from the Covid-19 pandemic.

183
Q

kłaniać się w pas

A

to kowtow

The dangers of kowtowing to China.

184
Q

zagorzały

A

die-hard

But since its launch in 2015, Revolut has managed to build a small army of die-hard fans among its 12 million customers.

185
Q

palatable

A

smaczny; do przyjęcia

That leaves Zoom with two unpalatable options. The first is the route that ByteDance, a privately held Chinese tech giant, is taking to ensure its short-video app, TikTok, is trusted in America.

186
Q

to wine and dine somebody

A

gościć kogoś, podejmować kogoś wystawnie; jadać wystawnie

Wine and dine

187
Q

najprędzej, najwcześniej

A

at the earliest

Sales are forecast to fall by a third in 2020, and recover only by 2022 at the earliest.

188
Q

nieostrożny

A

unwary

Even when data do exist, they can contain hidden assumptions that can trip the unwary.

189
Q

for want of something

A

z braku czegoś

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

190
Q

to unload

A

pozbyć się (nieform)

In emails Thursday, he told The Wall Street Journal that he also plans to unload four other houses in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Bel-Air.

191
Q

to act on

A

działać zgodnie z czymś, zastosować się do czegoś (np. do rady), uwzględnić coś

In those cases, too, Deutsche Bank failed to act on clear red flags, which resulted in those banks being able to transfer funds, including to the U.S.

192
Q

only too

A

bardzo; aż za bardzo

Attendees are asked to spread the word and Lally, who regularly recommends the service to others, is only too happy to oblige.

193
Q

odciąć fundusze, zaprzestać finansowania

A

to pull the plug

The strange nature of the recession may mean PE managers are unwilling to pull the plug as activity is likely to resume after the shutdown.

194
Q

to aggravate

A

pogarszać (np. sytuację), utrudniać (zrobienie czegoś)

The virus not only calls for global solutions, like treatments and vaccines, but it also aggravates local insecurity.

195
Q

adulteration

A

fałszerstwo

The marriage of Hebrew scripture and Greek philosophy that begat Christianity and subsequently Europe is not mere coincidence, nor is Greek philosophy some adulteration of an otherwise pure Gospel.

196
Q

drobiazgowo, skrupulatnie

A

meticulously

All this might appear to fit the script Mr Bezos has written over the years in his letters to shareholders, which are now pored over by investors as meticulously as those of Mr Buffett.

197
Q

to bestride

A

dominować

No firm bestrides the physical and digital worlds in the way Amazon does.

198
Q

save

A

oprócz

Amazon’s advertising revenues are now $11bn; its 7% share of the global online-ad market is larger than any save Google’s (38%) and Facebook’s (22%).

199
Q

smaczny; do przyjęcia

A

palatable

That leaves Zoom with two unpalatable options. The first is the route that ByteDance, a privately held Chinese tech giant, is taking to ensure its short-video app, TikTok, is trusted in America.

200
Q

skarbonka

A

piggy bank

The AWS piggy bank has supported both expansion in retail—in 2017 Amazon paid $14bn for Whole Foods, an upscale supermarket chain—and new projects which the company’s engineers cook up at a prodigious rate.

201
Q

z braku czegoś

A

for want of something

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

202
Q

Hollywood

A

Tinseltown

Netflix’s story has had a Tinseltown quality to it since its founding in 1997.

203
Q

kompleksowy

A

comprehensive

It is hard to use ai to monitor covid-19 transmission without a comprehensive database of everyone’s movements, for instance.

204
Q

duszny; duszący

A

suffocating

lt was a suffocatingly hot day in June of 1918, and the Wandsbeker Hussars were now quartered in a French village on the Soissons-Rheims Line that had lost its strategic significance.

205
Q

usury

A

lichwa

Centuries ago, usury was defined as any interest charged for a loan. Modern usage has redefined it as excessive interest. Certainly, any amount of interest charged for a pretended loan is excessive. The dictionary, therefore, needs a new definition. Usury: The charging of any interest on a loan of fiat money.

206
Q

zażegnać

A

to obviate

An aws spinoff, if it occurred, might obviate the need for drastic antitrust action.

207
Q

jack of all trades, master of none

A

jak coś jest od wszystkiego, to jest od niczego

And Amazon’s role as a digital jack-of-all-trades creates conflicts of interest.

208
Q

urodzony w

A

born into

The European, and by that term I include both North and South America and Australia, is traditionally born into a world that is radically reasonable, radically logical, because that world mirrors the mind of God, who behaves in ways that sometimes go beyond what human reason can comprehend but never in ways that contradict that reason.

209
Q

multipronged

A

wielowymiarowy, wieloaspektowy

Facebook has deployed a multipronged strategy that includes removing fake accounts and eliminating or demoting inauthentic behavior.

210
Q

rozgryź coś; rozpracować coś; zrozumieć coś

A

to work out

The researchers discovered that the machine had been able to work out which hospital a scan had come from.

211
Q

lucre

A

zysk

Zoom’s achievements go beyond mere lucre. Its videoconferencing tools have the intuitive simplicity of an Apple product. It has made working from home feel not clunky, but chic.

212
Q

gościć kogoś, podejmować kogoś wystawnie; jadać wystawnie

A

to wine and dine somebody

Wine and dine

213
Q

powodować (problemy), prowokować coś

A

to stir up

Not only did that provoke a backlash abroad, exploited by Russia and China, but it also stirred up resentment at home.

214
Q

utrapienie (o osobie)

A

scourge

Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic senator and scourge of big tech, has proposed sundering Amazon’s private-label business—which produces goods for sale on the site—from that of third-party sellers on its platform.

215
Q

zadziorny

A

feisty

Amazon, he has insisted since its founding in 1994, must forever behave like a feisty startup: innovate aggressively and expand relentlessly.

216
Q

ogłada

A

savoir faire

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

217
Q

for that matter

A

również

Unlike Christianity, Islam is not docile to Logos, nor for that matter is Islam’s God; God’s will is arbitrary, inscrutable.

218
Q

nie mający sobie równych

A

second to none

In the physical world, it has a logistics system second to none.

219
Q

unbeknownst to me

A

bez mojej wiedzy

Behind the scenes, and unbeknownst to most Americans, data brokers have developed algorithmic scores for each one of us—scores that rate us on reliability, propensity to repay loans, and likelihood to commit a crime.

220
Q

fool’s errand

A

daremny trud

To many of us, a natural life is something we can just make out in the rear-view mirror—and ought to go back and embrace. But it’s a fool’s errand.

221
Q

starać się ze wszystkich sił komuś pomóc

A

to lean over backwards for somebody

Mr Bezos, who has added $54bn to his net worth thanks to his company’s buoyant share price while low-paid warehouse workers toil through the pandemic, “needs to lean over backwards to make sure workers are properly treated”, cautions a leading Silicon Valley venture capitalist.

222
Q

prowadzić wojnę przeciwko komuś

A

to wage war on somebody

In the instance of the Regensburg speech, the outrage surrounding the Manuel II Paleologos quote achieved two ends: first, it strengthened the neoconservative hold over the Catholic mind by giving the impression that Muslims were fanatics determined to wage jihad against both the pope and the Church (the Muslim/Catholic alliance against abortion, which I personally witnessed at the World Population Conference in Cairo in 1994, gave the opposite impression), and secondly, it obscured the real topic of the talk, which was Logos and the central role it plays in both Europe and the Church.

223
Q

reputacja, renoma firmy

A

goodwill

Americans’ reliance on the company and the goodwill it has generated with consumers may help it, says an antitrust expert close to Congress.

224
Q

bezustannie

A

unremittingly

Letting go of aws would mark by far the most dramatic reorganisation in Amazon’s unremittingly accretive history.

225
Q

to fuse

A

łączyć

Its $5.5bn valuation has cemented Revolut’s status as one of the most promising companies in fintech, a loosely defined group of businesses that are trying to fuse traditional financial products with more sophisticated technology, and stealing a march on established lenders struggling to modernise due to their ageing IT systems and costly bricks-and mortar branch networks.

226
Q

to censure

A

krytykować

The UN is bureaucratic and infuriating. Its agencies fall prey to showboating and hypocrisy, as when despots on its Human Rights Council censure Israel yet again.

227
Q

lull

A

cisza, okres względnego spokoju

The new burst of public intrigue follows a relative lull for the longtime Twitter maverick. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, he has blasted authorities over shelter-in-place rules, talked down Tesla’s stock price and announced the birth of a son with experimental-pop star Claire Boucher, known as Grimes.

228
Q

bardzo; aż za bardzo

A

only too

Attendees are asked to spread the word and Lally, who regularly recommends the service to others, is only too happy to oblige.

229
Q

pragmatyczny

A

hard-nosed

These may be more hard-nosed about accepting a haircut on their debt in order to keep a PE-run business afloat.

230
Q

over the moon

A

w siódmym niebie

Wall Street is so over the moon about Apple Inc.’s next iPhone that few seem to care when it will actually arrive.

231
Q

preponderance

A

przewaga liczebna, przewaga

The problem may reflect a preponderance of white faces in their training data.

232
Q

piggy bank

A

skarbonka

The AWS piggy bank has supported both expansion in retail—in 2017 Amazon paid $14bn for Whole Foods, an upscale supermarket chain—and new projects which the company’s engineers cook up at a prodigious rate.

233
Q

meagre

A

niewielki

Zoom’s relationship with China is complex. The American company has meagre sales on the mainland.

234
Q

spiżowy (kolor - szary)

A

gunmetal

Whereas rival Monzo’s coral-pink colour scheme and anthropomorphic mascot highlight a playful ambition to “build a bank with everyone”, Revolut’s gunmetal steel cards suggest something colder and cooler than its peers. Anecdotally, at least, they are popular among the “finance bros” who work in the City of London.

235
Q

piece rate

A

stawka akordowa

Mechanical Turk, another subdivision of Amazon, connects firms with an army of casual human workers who are paid a piece rate to perform repetitive tasks.

236
Q

resolve

A

determinacja

CSIS also found that signaling U.S. resolve to absorb and offset the cost of a prolonged economic conflict was critical.

237
Q

wyraźny, jednoznaczny (np. zasada, przykład)

A

clear-cut

It made recommendations to viewers based on their previous choices. It also had a clear-cut vision.

238
Q

to pull an all-nighter

A

zarwać noc

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

239
Q

to pore over something

A

ślęczeć nad czymś, studiować coś uważnie (np. mapę)

All this might appear to fit the script Mr Bezos has written over the years in his letters to shareholders, which are now pored over by investors as meticulously as those of Mr Buffett.

240
Q

święta księga

A

scripture

The marriage of Hebrew scripture and Greek philosophy that begat Christianity and subsequently Europe is not mere coincidence, nor is Greek philosophy some adulteration of an otherwise pure Gospel.

241
Q

excruciating

A

nieznośny, potworny (np. ból)

Day 2, which Mr Bezos characterises as Stasis. Followed by irrelevance. Followed by excruciating, painful decline, has not yet dawned. But it is well past noon on Day 1.

242
Q

punkt zaczepienia (do startu)

A

foothold

To win, Mr. Duda tacked hard to the right, warning that his defeat would pave the way for LGBT rights to gain a foothold in devoutly Catholic Poland.

243
Q

zostać na zawsze; zadomowić się na dobre

A

to be here to stay

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago adds: Debt—public and private—is here to stay. It plays an essential role in economic processes. What is required is not the abolition of debt, but its prudent use and intelligent management.

244
Q

to make it through

A

przetrwać

If it is unable to make it through and complete its transition into a major financial institution, investors will question whether any fintech can survive.

245
Q

dopey

A

głupkowaty

Over the past decade PE lending has shifted away from dopey, distracted banks towards specialist private-credit firms.

246
Q

foothold

A

punkt zaczepienia (do startu)

To win, Mr. Duda tacked hard to the right, warning that his defeat would pave the way for LGBT rights to gain a foothold in devoutly Catholic Poland.

247
Q

rozcieńczać

A

to dilute

China’s economy is simply too large and too well integrated into global trade networks. Chinese exports end up elsewhere, diluting tariffs’ impact.

248
Q

dictum

A

powiedzenie; opinia

Machine learning is full of examples of Mr Knuth’s dictum, in which machines have followed the letter of the law precisely, while being oblivious to its spirit.

249
Q

powiedzenie; opinia

A

dictum

Machine learning is full of examples of Mr Knuth’s dictum, in which machines have followed the letter of the law precisely, while being oblivious to its spirit.

250
Q

zrobić, co do kogoś należy, zrobić swoje

A

to do one’s part

Books have been written, reports published and scattered abroad, statistics skillfully set forth for the purpose of showing that the Jew does his part for the country in which he resides; and yet the fact remains that in spite of these most zealous and highly sponsored campaigns, the opposite assertion is stronger and lives longer.

251
Q

to commemorate

A

upamiętnić, uczcić pamięć

Hence it suspended Zoom meetings with users in China and beyond commemorating the 21st anniversary of the massacre around Tiananmen Square on June 4th, which the Chinese government, hearing about them on social media, considered illegal.

252
Q

up-and-coming

A

o rosnącym znaczeniu

And while denim isn’t an up-and-coming growth category like athletic wear, Euromonitor still predicts the market will grow 2% to 3% a year in the U.S.

253
Q

feisty

A

zadziorny

Amazon, he has insisted since its founding in 1994, must forever behave like a feisty startup: innovate aggressively and expand relentlessly.

254
Q

wymienny; zamienny

A

interchangeable

With the exception of JPMorgan, which is inextricably linked to Jamie Dimon, its charismatic and long-serving chief executive, most lenders style themselves as institutions in which high-ranking executives are interchangeable cogs in a larger machine.

255
Q

zgadzać się (na uczestnictwo)

A

to opt in

We will continue to opt in to private digital surveillance because of the benefits and conveniences that result.

256
Q

to subside

A

ustępować (o bólu), opadać (o emocjach), uspokajać się (o burzy), słabnąć (o wietrze)

Apple and Google have told critics that their partnership will end once the pandemic subsides.

257
Q

uniwersalny

A

general-purpose

As Mr Pichai’s comparison with electricity and fire suggests, machine learning is a general-purpose technology—one capable of affecting entire economies.

258
Q

and the like

A

i tym podobne; itp. (skrót)

Teaching the machines required showing them a lot of training data in the form of videos of customers browsing shelves, picking up items, putting them back and the like.

259
Q

również

A

for that matter

Unlike Christianity, Islam is not docile to Logos, nor for that matter is Islam’s God; God’s will is arbitrary, inscrutable.

260
Q

niedobitki czegoś

A

rump of something

If the e-commerce rump were to inherit a hefty chunk of the company’s $59bn cash pile it might be able to keep spending—but not for long, at its recent rates.

261
Q

łączyć

A

conflate

People seem to conflate spending with creating money in successful businesses, he said: In recent years, billionaire has become… a pejorative, like that’s a bad thing, which I don’t think makes a lot of sense in most cases.

262
Q

sturdy

A

wytrzymały (o rzeczy); silny

On April 21st it became clear just how sturdy the ladder is.

263
Q

filing

A

pozew; zgłoszenie

Last year, Mr. Musk’s ability to access cash came up again during a defamation lawsuit over comments he made about a man involved in the rescue of a Thai soccer team from a flooded cave in 2018. A lawyer in the case said in a filing that Mr. Musk had described himself as financially illiquid.

264
Q

na progu czegoś (np. dorosłego życia), na przełomie czegoś (np. lat)

A

on the cusp of something

On the cusp of a stock-option grant that promises to make him nearly $1 billion richer, at least on paper, Elon Musk made a surprising announcement.

265
Q

wybić coś, wytłuc coś, wytępić coś

A

to kill off something

Their debt-laden parents may be forced once more to license shows to Netflix. Disney, its most formidable nemesis, will lack the financial muscle to kill it off completely.

266
Q

to sidestep

A

omijać; unikać

Mr Hastings believed from the start that films would eventually be downloaded from the internet. But instead of taking on the media incumbents, be they TV networks or film studios, he sidestepped them with novel approaches to distribution and filmmaking.

267
Q

faultline

A

podział (np. w zespole), czynnik mogący spowodować rozłam

The country’s faultlines are familiar for Europe.

268
Q

świętej pamięci, zmarły

A

late

The head of this great firm was the late Jacob Schiff, whose associates were his son Mortimer, Otto H. Kahn, Paul M. Warburg, and others, who have taken prominent parts both in public life and giant financial operations.

269
Q

to get back on one’s feet

A

stanąć na nogi (po problemach)

Disney is likely to be the first of the covid-stricken media titans to get back on its feet when lockdowns end. But right now it is ailing.

270
Q

zwyżkujący, rosnący, prężny (np. zyski, gospodarka)

A

buoyant

Mr Bezos, who has added $54bn to his net worth thanks to his company’s buoyant share price while low-paid warehouse workers toil through the pandemic, “needs to lean over backwards to make sure workers are properly treated”, cautions a leading Silicon Valley venture capitalist.

271
Q

wypaść z łask, popaść w niełaskę

A

to fall from grace

Wirecard’s fall from grace.

272
Q

clear-cut

A

wyraźny, jednoznaczny (np. zasada, przykład)

It made recommendations to viewers based on their previous choices. It also had a clear-cut vision.

273
Q

mizerny

A

puny

As a result, returns excluding aws are puny and the pandemic is squeezing margins in e-commerce further.

274
Q

outage

A

przestój, przerwa w dostawie (np. prądu); brakujący towar

The AWS cloud is considered superior to the others in terms of reliability and speed. Azure experiences more service outages, for example.

275
Q

walczyć rozpaczliwie

A

to scramble

Milan, Paris or New York this time of year would usually be teeming with fashionistas scrambling to get from the Balenciaga show to the Chanel party.

276
Q

to exhilarate

A

ożywić

Think instead of the bearded El Profesor and the other rogues who populate Money Heist, the streaming firm’s exhilarating Spanish-language crime drama about stealing €2.4bn ($2.6bn) from the national mint in Madrid.

277
Q

to think the world of somebody

A

darzyć kogoś dużym szacunkiem; nie widzieć poza kimś świata

He’s doing a terrific job, the people of Poland think the world of him, Mr. Trump said.

278
Q

wysyłać

A

to dispatch

Even in its early, dvd-dispatching days Netflix won its subscribers’ hearts and minds—and so their wallets—with plentiful content and great customer service.

279
Q

overblown

A

przesadzony

Existential worries about clever computers making radiologists or lorry drivers obsolete—let alone, as some doom-mongers suggest, posing a threat to humanity’s survival—seem overblown.

280
Q

wkradać się

A

to creep in

Elements of unproductive bureaucracy and politicking are creeping in, they report. A lot of high-level Amazon meetings these days are about lobbying for promotion rather than innovation or operational excellence, says a former executive.

281
Q

whatsoever

A

w ogóle, absolutnie, zupełnie

The first fact that needs to be considered is that our money today has no gold or silver behind it whatsoever.

282
Q

kłopotliwy, wprawiający w zakłopotanie

A

perplexing

One of the most perplexing questions associated with this process is Where does the money come from to pay the interest?

283
Q

skunk-works

A

termin określający grupę działającą wewnątrz dużej organizacji, w dużym stopniu autonomiczną, nieskrępowaną przez procesy biurokratyczne, pracującą nad zaawansowanymi lub tajnymi projektami

A leading engineer inside Amazon’s Grand Challenge team, a secretive skunk-works unit working on ambitious projects, says morale is rock-bottom. He plans to leave.

284
Q

what goes around comes around

A

historia lubi się powtarzać; jak Kuba bogu, tak bóg Kubie; kto pod kim dołki kopie, ten sam w nie wpada

Well, what goes around comes around. At last week’s Worldwide Developer Conference, Apple announced Apple Silicon, its own line of processors.

285
Q

renoma, pozycja (społeczna), ranga

A

stature

China’s stature is growing along with its contributions—it now pays 12% of the un budget compared with 1% in 2000.

286
Q

to creep in

A

wkradać się

Elements of unproductive bureaucracy and politicking are creeping in, they report. A lot of high-level Amazon meetings these days are about lobbying for promotion rather than innovation or operational excellence, says a former executive.

287
Q

wyświadczyć przysługę; inne: zobowiązywać, obowiązywać

A

to oblige

Attendees are asked to spread the word and Lally, who regularly recommends the service to others, is only too happy to oblige.

288
Q

in this regard

A

pod tym względem

Christianity is different from Islam in this regard: The Christian God acts with Logos.

289
Q

wyciąganie wniosków

A

reasoning

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

290
Q

proca

A

slingshot

Apple has become IBM, it’s become AT&T—a vertical giant waiting for a future David to come along with a horizontal slingshot.

291
Q

pogarszać (np. sytuację), utrudniać (zrobienie czegoś)

A

to aggravate

The virus not only calls for global solutions, like treatments and vaccines, but it also aggravates local insecurity.

292
Q

scaremonger

A

osoba siejąca panikę

He said his family background was irrelevant, denied any suggestion Revolut was funded by the Kremlin and cautioned that scaremongering campaigns could deter foreign investment.

293
Q

to hold the advantage

A

utrzymać przewagę

2015 analysis of a theoretical Taiwan conflict by think tank Rand Corp. found that while the U.S. still holds the advantage, the balance of power has shifted rapidly.

294
Q

bez mojej wiedzy

A

unbeknownst to me

Behind the scenes, and unbeknownst to most Americans, data brokers have developed algorithmic scores for each one of us—scores that rate us on reliability, propensity to repay loans, and likelihood to commit a crime.

295
Q

przestój, przerwa w dostawie (np. prądu); brakujący towar

A

outage

The AWS cloud is considered superior to the others in terms of reliability and speed. Azure experiences more service outages, for example.

296
Q

redukcja wartości aktywów przy ustanawianiu kredytów

A

haircut

These may be more hard-nosed about accepting a haircut on their debt in order to keep a PE-run business afloat.

297
Q

żarliwie

A

fervently

These and similar developments are the private functional equivalent of China’s social-credit ratings, which critics in the West so fervently decry.

298
Q

podstawić nogę; podciąć kogoś

A

to trip

Even when data do exist, they can contain hidden assumptions that can trip the unwary.

299
Q

to roić się od czegoś, obfitować w coś

A

to teem with something

Bars were teeming with locals and tourists sipping Guinness to live music, while the Irish National Opera was performing Engelbert Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel, at the nearby Abbey Theatre.

300
Q

nierozerwalnie

A

inextricably

With the exception of JPMorgan, which is inextricably linked to Jamie Dimon, its charismatic and long-serving chief executive, most lenders style themselves as institutions in which high-ranking executives are interchangeable cogs in a larger machine.

301
Q

zator

A

gridlock

One threat is antagonism between America and China, which could create gridlock in global bodies, exacerbated by competing parallel financial and security arrangements.

302
Q

pod tym względem

A

in this regard

Christianity is different from Islam in this regard: The Christian God acts with Logos.

303
Q

historia lubi się powtarzać; jak Kuba bogu, tak bóg Kubie; kto pod kim dołki kopie, ten sam w nie wpada

A

what goes around comes around

Well, what goes around comes around. At last week’s Worldwide Developer Conference, Apple announced Apple Silicon, its own line of processors.

304
Q

cisza, okres względnego spokoju

A

lull

The new burst of public intrigue follows a relative lull for the longtime Twitter maverick. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, he has blasted authorities over shelter-in-place rules, talked down Tesla’s stock price and announced the birth of a son with experimental-pop star Claire Boucher, known as Grimes.

305
Q

to take on

A

zająć się kimś; zacząć konkurować

Storonsky’s ambitions have grown exponentially since his first interview with the FT in May 2016, when he talked about taking on supermarkets and the UK Post Office to win a foothold in the market for foreign exchange services.

306
Q

średni, przeciętny

A

middling

But if the United States pulls back, then everyone must step forward, and none more so than the middling powers like Japan and Germany, and the rising ones like India and Indonesia, which have all become accustomed to America doing the heavy lifting.

307
Q

by extension

A

zatem

In using the term Logos, the Pope situates Christianity and, by extension, the European culture which grew up under its influence, in the tradition of Greek philosophy.

308
Q

fallacy

A

błędne przekonanie, błędne rozumowanie; błąd logiczny

It is true that there is not enough money created to include the interest, but it is a fallacy that the only way to pay it back is to borrow still more.

309
Q

upływ czasu

A

passage of time

Mr Bezos has managed to keep Amazon from ageing beyond Day 1 for longer than most companies can dream of. But not even the best magician can stop the passage of time.

310
Q

namiastka; sztuczny

A

ersatz

The company used graphics software to create virtual shoppers. Those ersatz humans were used to train the machines on many hard or unusual situations that had not arisen in the real training data, but might when the system was deployed in the real world.

311
Q

tęga głowa

A

brainbox

The risk of Amazon’s labour practices inviting more regulatory scrutiny—and, possibly worse, alienating brainboxes—is not lost on investors.

312
Q

to oblige

A

wyświadczyć przysługę; inne: zobowiązywać, obowiązywać

Attendees are asked to spread the word and Lally, who regularly recommends the service to others, is only too happy to oblige.

313
Q

tu: mennica

A

mint

Think instead of the bearded El Profesor and the other rogues who populate Money Heist, the streaming firm’s exhilarating Spanish-language crime drama about stealing €2.4bn ($2.6bn) from the national mint in Madrid.

314
Q

rozdzielać na kawałki

A

to sunder

Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic senator and scourge of big tech, has proposed sundering Amazon’s private-label business—which produces goods for sale on the site—from that of third-party sellers on its platform.

315
Q

warty pieniędzy, które dostają (zazwyczaj dużych)

A

worth one’s salt

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

316
Q

hard-nosed

A

pragmatyczny

These may be more hard-nosed about accepting a haircut on their debt in order to keep a PE-run business afloat.

317
Q

shoe leather

A

tradycyjne metody

Contact tracing has been done with shoe leather and telephone calls.

318
Q

stricken

A

dotknięty

Disney is likely to be the first of the covid-stricken media titans to get back on its feet when lockdowns end. But right now it is ailing.

319
Q

nieufny

A

leery

It needed cash from the rest of the group, as well as technology and data. But Mr Bezos’s habit of moving into new industries means that there are now ever more rivals leery of giving their data to it.

320
Q

to decry

A

potępiać

These and similar developments are the private functional equivalent of China’s social-credit ratings, which critics in the West so fervently decry.

321
Q

to ravage

A

dewastować

Sure, it might seem like minor stuff—especially against the backdrop of, you know, an economy and society ravaged by a pandemic—but there are people who have been anxiously awaiting this very iPhone for years.

322
Q

to steal a march on somebody

A

uprzedzać kogoś (w robieniu czegoś)

Fanatical customers, a hardcharging work culture and huge growth: the company founded by Nikolay Storonsky and Vladyslav Yatsenko has stolen a march on many established rivals.

323
Q

o rosnącym znaczeniu

A

up-and-coming

And while denim isn’t an up-and-coming growth category like athletic wear, Euromonitor still predicts the market will grow 2% to 3% a year in the U.S.

324
Q

goer

A

osboba uczęszczająca, osoba bywająca gdzieś

After an hour of chat, the RevRally-goers in Dublin took their seats to hear presentations from company executives.

325
Q

degradować (pracownika)

A

to demote

Facebook has deployed a multipronged strategy that includes removing fake accounts and eliminating or demoting inauthentic behavior.

326
Q

to roil

A

zakłócać

The stock is up 96% this year through Friday, even as the markets have been roiled by concerns about a global recession from the Covid-19 pandemic.

327
Q

wziąć coś pod uwagę

A

to factor something in

But most analysts so far don’t seem to be factoring in a delay.

328
Q

wytrzymały (o rzeczy); silny

A

sturdy

On April 21st it became clear just how sturdy the ladder is.

329
Q

uległy

A

docile

Unlike Christianity, Islam is not docile to Logos, nor for that matter is Islam’s God; God’s will is arbitrary, inscrutable.

330
Q

ample

A

tu: wystarczająco duży

Someone has to borrow every dollar we have in circulation, cash, or credit. If the banks create ample synthetic money we are prosperous; if not, we starve.

331
Q

niepotrafiący trzymać języka za zębami, niepotrafiący dochować tajemnicy

A

loose-lipped

Storonsky tends to avoid the gossip traded by other executives in London’s loose-lipped fintech industry, although he enjoys an intensive debate on the future of banking.

332
Q

razzle-dazzle

A

blichtr; balanga

But lockdown restrictions mean it must forgo the razzle-dazzle reunion of “Friends” cast members.

333
Q

zrozumieć coś

A

to make out something

To many of us, a natural life is something we can just make out in the rear-view mirror—and ought to go back and embrace. But it’s a fool’s errand.

334
Q

lepszy, ponadprzeciętny, o wysokiej jakości

A

superior

The AWS cloud is considered superior to the others in terms of reliability and speed.

335
Q

scourge

A

utrapienie (o osobie)

Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic senator and scourge of big tech, has proposed sundering Amazon’s private-label business—which produces goods for sale on the site—from that of third-party sellers on its platform.

336
Q

to be lost on somebody

A

nie zostać zrozumianym lub zauważonym przez kogoś

The risk of Amazon’s labour practices inviting more regulatory scrutiny—and, possibly worse, alienating brainboxes—is not lost on investors.

337
Q

haircut

A

redukcja wartości aktywów przy ustanawianiu kredytów

These may be more hard-nosed about accepting a haircut on their debt in order to keep a PE-run business afloat.

338
Q

be they

A

czy to

Mr Hastings believed from the start that films would eventually be downloaded from the internet. But instead of taking on the media incumbents, be they TV networks or film studios, he sidestepped them with novel approaches to distribution and filmmaking.

339
Q

genialny głupiec

A

idiot savant

The result is an artificial idiot savant that can excel at well-bounded tasks, but can get things very wrong if faced with unexpected input.

340
Q

zysk

A

lucre

Zoom’s achievements go beyond mere lucre. Its videoconferencing tools have the intuitive simplicity of an Apple product. It has made working from home feel not clunky, but chic.

341
Q

wierność; dokładność

A

fidelity

Self-driving car firms do a lot of training in high-fidelity simulations of reality, where no real damage can be done when something goes wrong.

342
Q

heist

A

napad; skok

And like the heist’s perpetrators, it has always had one golden rule: stick to the plan.

343
Q

fidelity

A

wierność; dokładność

Self-driving car firms do a lot of training in high-fidelity simulations of reality, where no real damage can be done when something goes wrong.

344
Q

uprzedzać kogoś (w robieniu czegoś)

A

to steal a march on somebody

Fanatical customers, a hardcharging work culture and huge growth: the company founded by Nikolay Storonsky and Vladyslav Yatsenko has stolen a march on many established rivals.

345
Q

ustępować (o bólu), opadać (o emocjach), uspokajać się (o burzy), słabnąć (o wietrze)

A

to subside

Apple and Google have told critics that their partnership will end once the pandemic subsides.

346
Q

rozrzutny

A

spendthrift

The company lost more than £55m between 2015 and 2018 – but it has not been particularly spendthrift by industry standards.

347
Q

spate

A

natłok (ludzi), lawina (słów), nawał (pracy)

Revolut discovered a spate of attempted money laundering activity in 2018 and some former staff have criticised its past compliance practices, but it has never been publicly criticised by regulators, unlike some other banking start-ups.

348
Q

prowadzić (np. wojnę przeciwko czemuś)

A

to wage

Fintech is prone to the same risks that the financial sector faces and the technology brings its own new risks, says Stasys Jakeliunas, a Lithuanian MEP who has waged a political campaign against Revolut.

349
Q

middling

A

średni, przeciętny

But if the United States pulls back, then everyone must step forward, and none more so than the middling powers like Japan and Germany, and the rising ones like India and Indonesia, which have all become accustomed to America doing the heavy lifting.

350
Q

umieszczać; instalować

A

to plant

While most fintechs have focused on one or two geographic markets or specific products, Revolut has followed the sometimes controversial approach of US-based start-ups like Uber and WeWork, quickly planting flags in as many places as possible.

351
Q

savoir faire

A

ogłada

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

352
Q

przetrwać

A

to make it through

If it is unable to make it through and complete its transition into a major financial institution, investors will question whether any fintech can survive.

353
Q

poprawiać się, polepszać się (o sytuacji)

A

to pick up

They have slowly picked up as Asia, then Europe and America, started reopening. Even so, the outlook for the luxury world is far from glittering.

354
Q

to defuse

A

łagodzić (sytuację), zażegnać (kryzys)

That is because, left to themselves, countries drift into antagonism. Witness the fatal clash of Indian and Chinese forces this week over a border dispute both sides are too proud to defuse.

355
Q

to lean over backwards for somebody

A

starać się ze wszystkich sił komuś pomóc

Mr Bezos, who has added $54bn to his net worth thanks to his company’s buoyant share price while low-paid warehouse workers toil through the pandemic, “needs to lean over backwards to make sure workers are properly treated”, cautions a leading Silicon Valley venture capitalist.

356
Q

czy to

A

be they

Mr Hastings believed from the start that films would eventually be downloaded from the internet. But instead of taking on the media incumbents, be they TV networks or film studios, he sidestepped them with novel approaches to distribution and filmmaking.

357
Q

clunky

A

niezdarny, niezgrabny

Zoom’s achievements go beyond mere lucre. Its videoconferencing tools have the intuitive simplicity of an Apple product. It has made working from home feel not clunky, but chic.

358
Q

run its course

A

dobiegać do końca

Sensing that Hellenistic hegemony over Palestine had run its course, Pompey played off the descendants of Alexander the Great’s generals against each other as a prelude to seizing power and completing the ring of Roman rule around the Mediterranean.

359
Q

from soup to nuts

A

od A do Z

IBM was a vertical giant and did everything from soup to nuts: chips, hardware, operating system, software, applications, services.

360
Q

upamiętnić, uczcić pamięć

A

to commemorate

Hence it suspended Zoom meetings with users in China and beyond commemorating the 21st anniversary of the massacre around Tiananmen Square on June 4th, which the Chinese government, hearing about them on social media, considered illegal.

361
Q

to consolidate

A

utrwalać, umacniać

Because of the pandemic, NBC Universal (which is part of Comcast, a cable operator) has staggered the start of its Peacock streaming service, giving Netflix more time to consolidate its lead.

362
Q

dewastować

A

to ravage

Sure, it might seem like minor stuff—especially against the backdrop of, you know, an economy and society ravaged by a pandemic—but there are people who have been anxiously awaiting this very iPhone for years.

363
Q

to plant

A

umieszczać; instalować

While most fintechs have focused on one or two geographic markets or specific products, Revolut has followed the sometimes controversial approach of US-based start-ups like Uber and WeWork, quickly planting flags in as many places as possible.

364
Q

spendthrift

A

rozrzutny

The company lost more than £55m between 2015 and 2018 – but it has not been particularly spendthrift by industry standards.

365
Q

nie zważać na coś

A

to be oblivious to something

Machine learning is full of examples of Mr Knuth’s dictum, in which machines have followed the letter of the law precisely, while being oblivious to its spirit.

366
Q

darzyć kogoś dużym szacunkiem; nie widzieć poza kimś świata

A

to think the world of somebody

He’s doing a terrific job, the people of Poland think the world of him, Mr. Trump said.

367
Q

at the earliest

A

najprędzej, najwcześniej

Sales are forecast to fall by a third in 2020, and recover only by 2022 at the earliest.

368
Q

to clear a debt

A

spłacić dług

Anticipation of the need to clear this debt creates a demand for the pure fiat dollar.

369
Q

ponury

A

drab

All this paints a drab financial picture.

370
Q

łączyć

A

to fuse

Its $5.5bn valuation has cemented Revolut’s status as one of the most promising companies in fintech, a loosely defined group of businesses that are trying to fuse traditional financial products with more sophisticated technology, and stealing a march on established lenders struggling to modernise due to their ageing IT systems and costly bricks-and mortar branch networks.

371
Q

lichwa

A

usury

Centuries ago, usury was defined as any interest charged for a loan. Modern usage has redefined it as excessive interest. Certainly, any amount of interest charged for a pretended loan is excessive. The dictionary, therefore, needs a new definition. Usury: The charging of any interest on a loan of fiat money.

372
Q

pozew; zgłoszenie

A

filing

Last year, Mr. Musk’s ability to access cash came up again during a defamation lawsuit over comments he made about a man involved in the rescue of a Thai soccer team from a flooded cave in 2018. A lawyer in the case said in a filing that Mr. Musk had described himself as financially illiquid.

373
Q

reasoning

A

wyciąganie wniosków

They struggle with reasoning, generalising from the rules they discover, and with the general-purpose savoir faire that researchers, for want of a more precise description, dub common sense.

374
Q

dotknięty

A

stricken

Disney is likely to be the first of the covid-stricken media titans to get back on its feet when lockdowns end. But right now it is ailing.

375
Q

perplexing

A

kłopotliwy, wprawiający w zakłopotanie

One of the most perplexing questions associated with this process is Where does the money come from to pay the interest?

376
Q

grandiose

A

potężny

It is running up against limits of one kind or another, and has failed to deliver on some of its proponents’ more grandiose promises.

377
Q

zderzenie z rzeczywistością; zejście na ziemię

A

reality check

She needs a reality check because she’s living in her own world.

378
Q

napad; skok

A

heist

And like the heist’s perpetrators, it has always had one golden rule: stick to the plan.

379
Q

ersatz

A

namiastka; sztuczny

The company used graphics software to create virtual shoppers. Those ersatz humans were used to train the machines on many hard or unusual situations that had not arisen in the real training data, but might when the system was deployed in the real world.

380
Q

natłok (ludzi), lawina (słów), nawał (pracy)

A

spate

Revolut discovered a spate of attempted money laundering activity in 2018 and some former staff have criticised its past compliance practices, but it has never been publicly criticised by regulators, unlike some other banking start-ups.

381
Q

podrzędny, o niskim statusie i znaczeniu, mało znaczący

A

lowly

No investment banker worth his salt shows up with-out a spiral-bound pitch book put together by lowly associates pulling all-nighters, with strategy ideas and suggested transactions (investment bankers’ payday!) to solve the company’s future problems.

382
Q

to abide by something

A

przestrzegać czegoś, stosować się do czegoś, respektować coś

It also hopes to increase sales to China. But its operations there force it to abide by Chinese law.

383
Q

kontrowersyjny; kłótliwy

A

contentious

Before Tesla went public, Mr. Musk told a judge during a contentious divorce with his first wife that he had run out of cash and had taken on emergency loans from friends to support his family and pay living expenses.

384
Q

to bang out

A

robić coś szybko (i niedokładnie)

Meanwhile, Netflix will try to entrench its global lead, not least by banging out more international smash hits like Money Heist. When El Profesor declares, prophetically, We are the Resistance, he could be channelling Mr Hastings.

385
Q

margin call

A

wezwania do uzupełnienia depozytu zabezpieczającego

In 2016, as Mr. Musk was trying to persuade investors to approve his plans to have Tesla acquire a struggling SolarCity, his brother, Kimbal Musk, had faced margin calls on loans tied to SolarCity stock he owned, according to court records.

386
Q

drab

A

ponury

All this paints a drab financial picture.

387
Q

born into

A

urodzony w

The European, and by that term I include both North and South America and Australia, is traditionally born into a world that is radically reasonable, radically logical, because that world mirrors the mind of God, who behaves in ways that sometimes go beyond what human reason can comprehend but never in ways that contradict that reason.

388
Q

potępiać

A

to decry

These and similar developments are the private functional equivalent of China’s social-credit ratings, which critics in the West so fervently decry.

389
Q

statecraft

A

umiejętność rządzenia krajem

Is it even possible to effectively influence such a dominant trading power through economic statecraft?

390
Q

to opt in

A

zgadzać się (na uczestnictwo)

We will continue to opt in to private digital surveillance because of the benefits and conveniences that result.

391
Q

omijać; unikać

A

to sidestep

Mr Hastings believed from the start that films would eventually be downloaded from the internet. But instead of taking on the media incumbents, be they TV networks or film studios, he sidestepped them with novel approaches to distribution and filmmaking.

392
Q

nadrobić; zrekompensować

A

to make up

If Tesla stocks fall below a certain level, financial institutions can call in the loans unless Mr. Musk makes up the difference.

393
Q

to stay on top of something

A

mieć całkowitą kontrolę nad czymś, zdawać sobie z czegoś sprawę, być na bieżąco z czymś

Yet the majority of Storonsky’s critics are more concerned that Revolut has simply grown too fast to stay on top of the complexity of running a global financial services platform.

394
Q

tu: użeranie się z czymś; inne: walka, kłótnia

A

wrangling

Data-wrangling of various sorts takes up about 80% of the time consumed in a typical ai project, says Cognilytica.

395
Q

przestrzegać czegoś, stosować się do czegoś, respektować coś

A

to abide by something

It also hopes to increase sales to China. But its operations there force it to abide by Chinese law.

396
Q

to make out something

A

zrozumieć coś

To many of us, a natural life is something we can just make out in the rear-view mirror—and ought to go back and embrace. But it’s a fool’s errand.

397
Q

frekwencja

A

turnout

The quarter-century-record turnout and the knife-edge result it produced gave evidence to how deeply political and cultural polarization is now felt in Poland.

398
Q

prolongata, karencja (okres zwolnienia z płacenia np. podatków)

A

grace period

The Economy Ministry said it would instead use a 30-day grace period on about $500 million in interest payments for three foreign bonds as it continues to seek a sustainable debt profile with creditors.

399
Q

zniesławienie

A

defamation

Last year, Mr. Musk’s ability to access cash came up again during a defamation lawsuit over comments he made about a man involved in the rescue of a Thai soccer team from a flooded cave in 2018. A lawyer in the case said in a filing that Mr. Musk had described himself as financially illiquid.

400
Q

late

A

świętej pamięci, zmarły

The head of this great firm was the late Jacob Schiff, whose associates were his son Mortimer, Otto H. Kahn, Paul M. Warburg, and others, who have taken prominent parts both in public life and giant financial operations.