Deck no. 31 Flashcards

Question

rozpacz; utrata nadziei, zwątpienie

Answer 1

despair This is no reason for **despair**, however, because happiness is still possible even if life has absolutely no meaning because biologists hold that our mental and emotional world is governed by biochemical mechanisms shaped by millions of years of evolution. Like all other mental states, our subjective well-being is not determined by external parameters such as salary, social relations or political rights.

Answer 2

znajomość, umiejętność (np. posługiwania się językiem) Another lawyer described Savitt as a professor for his **command** of Delaware precedent cases. It was a case representing private equity titan KKR that cemented Savitt’s status as superstar and also changed a significant aspect of corporate law. In 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court confirmed Savitt’s thesis that a company that sold itself could immediately defeat a breach of fiduciary duty allegation if stockholders were fully informed of the deal circumstances and then voted to approve the deal.

Answer 3

bochenek (chleba) While it may be true, as the English say, that half a **loaf** is better than none, the same truth does not apply to a wing, which is something which either enables flight or does not enable flight.

Answer 4

sleight of hand Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal **sleights of hand** based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 5

at a clip Before, during, and after pandemic lockdowns, AWS revenue grew **at a 30%-plus quarterly clip**. In the long term, those trends should continue.

Answer 6

następstwo Because the existence of an orderly universe necessarily implies the existence of a creator God as the source of that order, the social order by which man orders his existence is the logical **corollary** of the order of that universe. Harari willfully ignores all this in claiming that Darwinism has proven there is no God as the basis for his claim there can be no such thing as justice.

Answer 7

intelektualista Rather, he is a **deep thinker**, prone to scribbling on sticky notes the ideas that will eventually fill his legal memos.

Answer 8

urzeczywistnić, zrealizować An infinite number of box cars is no substitute for a locomotive, because no one box car in that series is able to move itself: the only way to stop this regress and arrive at a first member of the series is with a being whose existence does not need to be **actualized** by anything else.

Answer 9

to belie In spite of Alcuin’s noble intentions, historical factors outside the sphere of philosophy plunged the empire of Charlemagne into a new Dark Age, the Dark Ages of the 10th century, and **belied** the promise of the Carolingian Renaissance.

Answer 10

sztuczka; manipulacja; zręczność Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal **sleights of hand** based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 11

citation In 1997, Arthur was posthumously inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, and a **citation** praised his achievement in ‘bringing the full power of advertising and promotion to pharmaceutical marketing.’ Sackler was, in other words, a drug dealer who knew how to change the system to accommodate what was previously either unethical or illegal activity. In this, he was no different from other Jews of his generation—like Meyer Lansky or Moe Dalitz—who accomplished the same feat by bringing about the decriminalization of gambling and usury.

Answer 12

dwuznaczność, stosowanie uników Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the **equivocation** of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 13

to berate Or, as a Jew **berating** a fellow Jew in Iris Murdoch’s novel The Message to the Planet puts it: Nothing is more important than that there is no God, and no purpose in history, and no punishments, and no Jewish or any other destiny.

Answer 14

anguish It had waged a covert communications campaign to ensure its collapse, relying on the assistance of Wachtell and PR firm Teneo. The result left Cigna emptyhanded and Wachtell **anguished**.

Answer 15

heartthrob We know him as a legendary leading man, a Hollywood power broker, maybe the greatest **heartthrob** of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 16

odrzucać (pomoc), odtrącać (kogoś) Elon Musk’s showdown with Twitter has set the stage for what could become one of the most unusual courtroom battles in corporate-takeover history history—a **spurned** acquisition target that never sought to be bought potentially trying to force the buyer who soured on the deal to see it through.

Answer 17

beztrosko, radośnie Professor Harari makes this statement **blithely** unaware of the philosophical problems which follow in its wake. If, for example, only physical things are real, what are we to say about the idea that only physical things are real? Is that idea real or, better, true? If it is true, then it refutes itself.

Answer 18

to wash down Like Professor Dawkins, who believes in a selfish gene, Harari believes that a widely accepted gorging gene, rather than an inability to impose rational or moral control over appetite, is the cause of obesity. People are fat because The instinct to gorge on high-calorie food was hard-wired into our genes. . . . That’s what makes some of us spoon down an entire tub of Ben & Jerry’s when we find one in the freezer and **wash it down** with a jumbo Coke.

Answer 19

to spurn Elon Musk’s showdown with Twitter has set the stage for what could become one of the most unusual courtroom battles in corporate-takeover history history—a **spurned** acquisition target that never sought to be bought potentially trying to force the buyer who soured on the deal to see it through.

Answer 20

uphill battle Only Twitter Inc. is a party, and it is a separate and distinct legal entity. Twitter would have to prove harm, such as lost profits, and that’s an **uphill battle**.

Answer 21

to consummate a deal Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to **consummate the deal**, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he shirks or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes game of chicken that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 22

cień, wrak (człowieka); łupina Mr. Musk could be forced to write a big check years from now for the **husk** of a social-media company he once coveted. Or Twitter’s shareholders could walk away with a mere $1 billion consolation prize in that parlous state.

Answer 23

zaciemniać obraz (np. jakiegoś problemu) Instead of facing the metaphysical issue of change squarely, Dawkins continues to **muddy the waters** by framing complexity as the issue rather than being, becoming, or change.

Answer 24

gra w cykora *a conflict situation in which neither side will back down for fear of seeming cowardly (chicken)* Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to consummate the deal, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he shirks or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes **game of chicken** that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 25

slog If, as he seems to believe, history is nothing more than the description of the motion of atoms in the brain, Harari could have written a much shorter book and spared us the effort of **slogging** through his 400-page tome.

Answer 26

zrobić to, co należy trafić w sedno *say or do what is especially appropriate* To prevail in his present assignment, Savitt must demonstrate that the saboteur is Musk. Savitt’s peers are almost unanimous in their belief that Twitter has chosen the person who can **hit all the right notes** in court.

Answer 27

cząstka If nothing else, the writings of Richard Dawkins prove that scientific progress is undermined without an understanding of purpose. Dawkins’ hostility to the idea of purpose forces him to appeal to oxymorons like tamed chance or his claim that fundamental **particles** are so simple as to need no explanation.

Answer 28

blokować (np. negocjacje); prowadzić obstrukcję (np. w parlamencie); grać defensywnie Delaware’s corporate-law courts are used to adjudicating claims of **stonewalling** in mergers in which one party argues the other isn’t providing information it sought.

Answer 29

to hold off on doing something Sammy Simnegar describes himself as a realist. It’s that realism that has made the Fidelity Magellan manager rethink his views about much-loved megacap technology stocks, **hold off** on bargain-hunting in some hard-hit parts of the market, and be skeptical of all the comparisons with the 1970s.

Answer 30

wymazać z pamięci Harari, it seems, can’t **expunge** the Book of Genesis from his mind, perhaps because its central assertion about the human race, namely, that all humans have descended from one man and one woman, has been validated by the genome project.

Answer 31

spierać się o coś In America, Congress is **wrangling over** the chips Act, which, if enacted, would hand the industry up to $52bn over five years in subsidies and research and development grants.

Answer 32

porzucić If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can make the **jilted** buyer whole.If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can make the jilted buyer whole.

Answer 33

deplorable As a result, his history rests uneasily on a shaky foundation of exploded myths and discredited junk science, which has been abandoned by scientists and is now taught only in high school biology classes, where the children of the **deplorables** learn scientific facts about how atoms formed, followed by life emerging from a lightning bolt striking a primeval soup of amino acids.

Answer 34

to expound When Aquinas ends his proof for the existence of God with the statement, And this all men call God, Dawkins interprets it in a naively empirical sense, as if to say that to make the statement Aquinas would have to take a poll of all men, and if he discovered one man—like Dawkins, say—who disputed what he said, the assertion would be invalid. This bespeaks as Feser says, nothing more than ignorance of the metaphysical tradition he has appointed himself to **expound** upon.

Answer 35

contempt The only means the court has to compel him to line up financing and affix his signature to a deal is by holding him in **contempt** if he refuses.

Answer 36

popijać coś Like Professor Dawkins, who believes in a selfish gene, Harari believes that a widely accepted gorging gene, rather than an inability to impose rational or moral control over appetite, is the cause of obesity. People are fat because The instinct to gorge on high-calorie food was hard-wired into our genes. . . . That’s what makes some of us spoon down an entire tub of Ben & Jerry’s when we find one in the freezer and **wash it down** with a jumbo Coke.

Answer 37

to stonewall Delaware’s corporate-law courts are used to adjudicating claims of **stonewalling** in mergers in which one party argues the other isn’t providing information it sought.

Answer 38

white-shoe The clash pits multiple **white-shoe** law firms against each other.

Answer 39

miły, przyjemny, sympatyczny Empire has always been **congenial** to the projection of Jewish power. It goes without saying, Harari tells us, that the political, economic and social practices of modern Jews, for example, owe far more to the empires under which they lived during the past two millennia than to the traditions of the ancient kingdom of Judaea.

Answer 40

ogromnie, niezmiernie, niezwykle, nadzwyczaj Since that time, the evolution of the eye has become almost a separate department of study. And why should it not? It is **immensely** fascinating and rewarding to know that at least forty different sets of eyes, and possibly sixty different sets, have evolved in quite distinct and parallel, if comparable, ways.

Answer 41

rozstrzygać; wydawać orzeczenie (o sądzie) Delaware’s corporate-law courts are used to **adjudicating** claims of stonewalling in mergers in which one party argues the other isn’t providing information it sought.

Answer 42

to hiss Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, **hissing**, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 43

pośmiertnie In 1997, Arthur was **posthumously** inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, and a citation praised his achievement in ‘bringing the full power of advertising and promotion to pharmaceutical marketing.’ Sackler was, in other words, a drug dealer who knew how to change the system to accommodate what was previously either unethical or illegal activity. In this, he was no different from other Jews of his generation—like Meyer Lansky or Moe Dalitz—who accomplished the same feat by bringing about the decriminalization of gambling and usury.

Answer 44

bodźce If we accept the biological approach to happiness, then history turns out to be of minor importance, since most historical events have had no impact on our biochemistry. History can change the external **stimuli** that cause serotonin to be secreted, yet it does not change the resulting serotonin levels, and hence it cannot make people happier.

Answer 45

untenable The idea that there were physical human beings with animal souls is simply **untenable** and flies in the face of any sophisticated understanding of what the soul is and how it acts. The first man’s body, therefore, had to be a special act of creation every bit as much as the creation of the first man’s soul was because, according to Aristotle’s more sophisticated understanding of the soul as the form of the body, neither soul nor body can exist independently of the other.

Answer 46

igraszka Mr. Musk’s Twitter **romp** began with the unannounced purchase of $22.8 million of Twitter shares on Jan. 31. He kept buying in February and March, building a roughly 9% stake for $2.6 billion and becoming the largest individual investor.

Answer 47

enmity Hoyle earned Dawkins’ undying **enmity** when he suggested that natural selection was as probable as having a tornado sweep through a junk yard and produce a 747.

Answer 48

mieścić się w dopuszczalnych granicach; przybliżony (np. koszt) *approximately correct* Corporate-law experts say Twitter appears to be on sounder legal footing than Mr. Musk. The filing didn’t provide evidence to back up his assertion that the estimate was inaccurate or an alternate calculation. This isn’t even in the **ballpark**, said Zohar Goshen, adding that the impact on a company’s value needs to be so dramatic that its value would be halved, for example.

Answer 49

harówka; długa i męcząca wędrówka, brnięcie (np. pod górę) If, as he seems to believe, history is nothing more than the description of the motion of atoms in the brain, Harari could have written a much shorter book and spared us the effort of **slogging** through his 400-page tome.

Answer 50

przepaść, czeluść, urwisko Real life seeks out the gentle slopes at the back of Mount Improbable, while the creationists are blind to all but the daunting **precipice** at the front.

Answer 51

strofować, skrytykować Or, as a Jew **berating** a fellow Jew in Iris Murdoch’s novel The Message to the Planet puts it: Nothing is more important than that there is no God, and no purpose in history, and no punishments, and no Jewish or any other destiny.

Answer 52

odmówić komuś Twitter initially seemed to **turn up its nose** but eventually relented—in part because directors concluded that no one else was likely to have the interest or ability to buy the company at the price Mr. Musk was offering. The billionaire agreed to waive detailed due diligence of Twitter’s business.

Answer 53

blithely Professor Harari makes this statement **blithely** unaware of the philosophical problems which follow in its wake. If, for example, only physical things are real, what are we to say about the idea that only physical things are real? Is that idea real or, better, true? If it is true, then it refutes itself.

Answer 54

żałować, okazywać skruchę, odpokutować Not only did he not **repent**, Christopher decided to follow the path of rebellion against Logos, which sexual liberation had opened up to him, to its logical conclusion by becoming a Jew and joining the tribe of those who killed the Logos Incarnate and who have been waging war on the Logos of social order ever since.

Answer 55

puścić farbę, puścić parę z ust, wyjawić sekret, wygadać się By the middle of the 20th century, that dissimulation was no longer necessary, at least not in the elite circles the Huxleys inhabited. So Aldous Huxley, the bulldog’s grandson, **spilled the beans** in his reminiscences about the 1920s, when the last of the Victorian pretenses was swept away.

Answer 56

odroczyć robienie czegoś Sammy Simnegar describes himself as a realist. It’s that realism that has made the Fidelity Magellan manager rethink his views about much-loved megacap technology stocks, **hold off** on bargain-hunting in some hard-hit parts of the market, and be skeptical of all the comparisons with the 1970s.

Answer 57

skłaniać, nakłaniać, namawiać What might **induce** you to invest directly in China? They say a reputation takes a lifetime to build, and it can be destroyed in a second.Would I be surprised if China outperforms this year? No, because it went down a lot and the government is stimulating.

Answer 58

nie dojść do skutku, nie powieść się Most legal clashes over soured deals end in settlements involving a price cut or one-time payment. Mr. Musk agreed to pay a $1 billion reverse termination fee to Twitter if the deal falls apart, triggered under certain scenarios including if his debt financing **falls through** or regulators try to block the deal. Neither has occurred.

Answer 59

to sweep away By the middle of the 20th century, that dissimulation was no longer necessary, at least not in the elite circles the Huxleys inhabited. So Aldous Huxley, the bulldog’s grandson, spilled the beans in his reminiscences about the 1920s, when the last of the Victorian pretenses was **swept away**.

Answer 60

wnioskować, wywnioskować Many ad buyers are turning to options where consumer buying intent is clear on the surface. Meta has to **infer** what you might want to buy; in Amazon’s case, consumers type their exact shopping interests into a search box. In a marketplace crowded with consumer choice, Amazon’s ad market is a gold mine.

Answer 61

to repent Not only did he not **repent**, Christopher decided to follow the path of rebellion against Logos, which sexual liberation had opened up to him, to its logical conclusion by becoming a Jew and joining the tribe of those who killed the Logos Incarnate and who have been waging war on the Logos of social order ever since.

Answer 62

ambiguous Ignoring the fact that sign language was speech only by analogy and that it was made up of gestures that were intrinsically **ambiguous**, the Gardners convinced themselves that Washoe was communicating with them in a way that was reliably understandable.

Answer 63

to turn up one's nose at somebody Twitter initially seemed to **turn up its nose** but eventually relented—in part because directors concluded that no one else was likely to have the interest or ability to buy the company at the price Mr. Musk was offering. The billionaire agreed to waive detailed due diligence of Twitter’s business.

Answer 64

niezwykły, rażący, rzucający się w oczy What distinguishes man from the rest of the animals is his rationality, and, unfortunately, in the age of philosophical materialism which coincided with the flowering of anthropology and ethnology, recognition of Logos as the engine of human history and what made man distinctively human, was **conspicuous** by its absence.

Answer 65

syczeć Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, **hissing**, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 66

odwrócić sytuację na niekorzyść kogoś Notice how Harari frames the issue in order to arrive at his justification for an unjust social order. Ignoring the Old Testament and the fact that God’s existence is a matter of reason, not of faith, Harari **turns the tables on** those who are rational by claiming that creation is based on Christian myths about God.

Answer 67

on a lark Brad Pitt—the golden boy from Missouri who moved to California **on a lark** at 22 and became the biggest movie star in the world, who reportedly makes up to $20 million a film, who was twice part of perhaps the most famous relationship on the planet—cannot go anywhere without being stalked by the paparazzi.

Answer 68

to infer Many ad buyers are turning to options where consumer buying intent is clear on the surface. Meta has to **infer** what you might want to buy; in Amazon’s case, consumers type their exact shopping interests into a search box. In a marketplace crowded with consumer choice, Amazon’s ad market is a gold mine.

Answer 69

to infer It’s difficult to **infer** what Harari means by sophisticated, especially since he immediately contradicts himself when he describes our language as something that can produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning, something which distinguishes it from the language of insects, who know how to inform one another of the whereabouts of food and the language of a green monkey, which can yell to its comrades, ‘Careful! A lion!’

Answer 70

tyłek, pośladki ; paka (więzienie) Suppose you see the **caboose** of a train pulling out of the station, and demand to know what is pulling it. A freight car, you are told. And what is pulling that? Another freight car. And that? Yet another freight car. All true enough; but none of these answers really explains anything, because the freight cars, like the caboose, have no independent power of motion of their own, and so no appeal to freight cars explains anything, even if the series of cars pulling the caboose went on to infinity. What is needed is an appeal to something that does have the power of movement in itself, such as an engine car.

Answer 71

particle If nothing else, the writings of Richard Dawkins prove that scientific progress is undermined without an understanding of purpose. Dawkins’ hostility to the idea of purpose forces him to appeal to oxymorons like tamed chance or his claim that fundamental **particles** are so simple as to need no explanation.

Answer 72

conspicuous I asked my publishers, Hitchens admits, to arrange my book tour as a series of challenges to the spokesmen of the faithful, and to send me as far as possible to the South, the land of the Southern Baptists, where the metaphysical tradition is **conspicuous** by its absence.

Answer 73

oswoić; ujarzmić If nothing else, the writings of Richard Dawkins prove that scientific progress is undermined without an understanding of purpose. Dawkins’ hostility to the idea of purpose forces him to appeal to oxymorons like **tamed** chance or his claim that fundamental particles are so simple as to need no explanation.

Answer 74

nie do utrzymania, nie do obrony (np. stanowisko, opinia) The idea that there were physical human beings with animal souls is simply **untenable** and flies in the face of any sophisticated understanding of what the soul is and how it acts. The first man’s body, therefore, had to be a special act of creation every bit as much as the creation of the first man’s soul was because, according to Aristotle’s more sophisticated understanding of the soul as the form of the body, neither soul nor body can exist independently of the other.

Answer 75

ustępować (np. o bólu, uczuciu); przestać działać (np. o leku) Soon the people who had gotten hooked on the drug were grinding up multiple tablets of the new super-OxyContin and injecting it into their veins to maintain the original high, which had **worn off** as original highs always do.

Answer 76

nadzwyczaj, wyjątkowo The order of creation is **eminently** rational. True science could not exist if it were not. Science and mathematics are not possible in the Darwinian universe which Professor Harari is proposing as paradise.

Answer 77

szara eminencja, wpływowa osoba We know him as a legendary leading man, a Hollywood **power broker**, maybe the greatest heartthrob of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 78

dla zabawy, dla hecy Brad Pitt—the golden boy from Missouri who moved to California **on a lark** at 22 and became the biggest movie star in the world, who reportedly makes up to $20 million a film, who was twice part of perhaps the most famous relationship on the planet—cannot go anywhere without being stalked by the paparazzi.

Answer 79

ujarzmienie, zniewolenie (kogoś) Those who have abandoned the moral law to justify their sexual sins cannot suddenly do an about-face and appeal to the same moral law to object to their economic **subjugation**. No, they have been caught in the trap of materialism which professors like Dawkins and Harari have prepared for them.

Answer 80

romp Mr. Musk’s Twitter **romp** began with the unannounced purchase of $22.8 million of Twitter shares on Jan. 31. He kept buying in February and March, building a roughly 9% stake for $2.6 billion and becoming the largest individual investor.

Answer 81

parlous Mr. Musk could be forced to write a big check years from now for the husk of a social-media company he once coveted. Or Twitter’s shareholders could walk away with a mere $1 billion consolation prize in that **parlous** state.

Answer 82

standardowy; niekreatywny *a way of thinking that is ordinary and does not show any imagination* He is likely to walk away largely unscathed, a belief reflected in Twitter’s stock price. This case will be a good lesson on the limits of **boilerplate** merger agreements and the difference between a corporation and its shareholders.

Answer 83

to walk down the aisle Courts will be to walk away than force him to **walk down the aisle**. But it isn’t clear he will have to pay that much.

Answer 84

zrealizować coś, wykonywać coś What are they going to do if there is a judgment and he says, ‘Well, I’m still not going to buy it’? said Mr. Goshen. They don’t really have tools to force him to **go through with** it. You don’t put people in jail because they don’t buy something.

Answer 85

loaf While it may be true, as the English say, that half a **loaf** is better than none, the same truth does not apply to a wing, which is something which either enables flight or does not enable flight.

Answer 86

udawać; ukrywać (np. prawdę, emocje) Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they **dissembled**. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 87

mieć wpływ na coś; działać Clearly, something other than a defective father **was at work**. Some other factor needs to be added to the mix to understand the difference between defective fathers and the exalted father known as God.

Answer 88

rozum, rozsądek The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through **reason** is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This presupposes that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious conformity here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 89

nie omieszkać czegoś zrobić A good mother will **make a point of** having sex with several different men, especially when she is pregnant, so that her child will enjoy the qualities (and paternal care) not merely of the best hunter, but also of the best storyteller, the strongest warrior and the most considerate lover. If this sounds silly, bear in mind that before the development of mod- ern embryological studies, people had no solid evidence that babies are always sired by a single father rather than by many.

Answer 90

objaśniać, tłumaczyć When Aquinas ends his proof for the existence of God with the statement, And this all men call God, Dawkins interprets it in a naively empirical sense, as if to say that to make the statement Aquinas would have to take a poll of all men, and if he discovered one man—like Dawkins, say—who disputed what he said, the assertion would be invalid. This bespeaks as Feser says, nothing more than ignorance of the metaphysical tradition he has appointed himself to **expound** upon.

Answer 91

usuwać, likwidować, zrównać z ziemią, znieść z powierzchni ziemi By the middle of the 20th century, that dissimulation was no longer necessary, at least not in the elite circles the Huxleys inhabited. So Aldous Huxley, the bulldog’s grandson, spilled the beans in his reminiscences about the 1920s, when the last of the Victorian pretenses was **swept away**.

Answer 92

to induce What might **induce** you to invest directly in China? They say a reputation takes a lifetime to build, and it can be destroyed in a second.Would I be surprised if China outperforms this year? No, because it went down a lot and the government is stimulating.

Answer 93

wydzielina (np. żołądkowa) In addition to being an atheist, Darwin was a crude materialist who felt that thought was a **secretion** of the brain.

Answer 94

stimuli If we accept the biological approach to happiness, then history turns out to be of minor importance, since most historical events have had no impact on our biochemistry. History can change the external **stimuli** that cause serotonin to be secreted, yet it does not change the resulting serotonin levels, and hence it cannot make people happier.

Answer 95

in a bind The evolutionists, as a result, are **in a bind**. They can go on affirming the tautology at the heart of Darwinian evolution, which is to say that the eye evolves from the eye, and, by making that affirmation, accept a world in which no change is possible from non-being to being, or they can admit that an outside source is necessary for change, that no potential can actualize itself, that whatever is changed is changed by another, that whatever is moved is moved by another, in which case they have to invoke God.

Answer 96

to inhibit Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God **inhibited** their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 97

to renege In just over three months, Mr. Musk aggressively pursued a takeover that Twitter first resisted, then he prevailed and **reneged**—all the while using the very platform to ridicule Twitter and its leaders and drop hints about his shifting intentions.

Answer 98

zabiegać o względy Money managers in private markets rush to **woo** affluent individuals, while public markets shrink; here’s how these shifts could play out in the coming years.

Answer 99

żałosny, opłakany, godny pożałowania As a result, his history rests uneasily on a shaky foundation of exploded myths and discredited junk science, which has been abandoned by scientists and is now taught only in high school biology classes, where the children of the **deplorables** learn scientific facts about how atoms formed, followed by life emerging from a lightning bolt striking a primeval soup of amino acids.

Answer 100

bzdura The Fed is going to keep raising rates until it sees 2% inflation. That’s significant for two reasons. It’s to regain credibility. It also means the chances of a recession go up because the chances of a policy mistake increase. But if the Fed is successful in getting inflation back to 2%, we’re going to return to an interestrate environment similar to the one we had in the past decade—mainly lower for longer again. The idea that this is like the 1970s is **hogwash**.

Answer 101

wywnioskować, wydedukować It’s difficult to **infer** what Harari means by sophisticated, especially since he immediately contradicts himself when he describes our language as something that can produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning, something which distinguishes it from the language of insects, who know how to inform one another of the whereabouts of food and the language of a green monkey, which can yell to its comrades, ‘Careful! A lion!’

Answer 102

zmieniać (np. decyzję) Most legal clashes over soured deals end in settlements involving a price cut or one-time payment. Mr. Musk agreed to pay a $1 billion **reverse** termination fee to Twitter if the deal falls apart, triggered under certain scenarios including if his debt financing falls through or regulators try to block the deal. Neither has occurred.

Answer 103

niezbity, nie do obalenia The same is true of his uniqueness vis-a-vis any other hominid, like Neanderthal Man, which Harari proposes as the intermediary step between apes and man. Abandoning his materialism in the light of **irrefutable** evidence surrounding man’s ability to speak, Harari identifies this turning point in history as the Cognitive Revolution.

Answer 104

to fall through Most legal clashes over soured deals end in settlements involving a price cut or one-time payment. Mr. Musk agreed to pay a $1 billion reverse termination fee to Twitter if the deal falls apart, triggered under certain scenarios including if his debt financing **falls through** or regulators try to block the deal. Neither has occurred.

Answer 105

to reverse Most legal clashes over soured deals end in settlements involving a price cut or one-time payment. Mr. Musk agreed to pay a $1 billion **reverse** termination fee to Twitter if the deal falls apart, triggered under certain scenarios including if his debt financing falls through or regulators try to block the deal. Neither has occurred.

Answer 106

stanowczo, zdecydowanie Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a **resolutely** anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 107

widoczny, rzucający się w oczy, zwracający uwagę I asked my publishers, Hitchens admits, to arrange my book tour as a series of challenges to the spokesmen of the faithful, and to send me as far as possible to the South, the land of the Southern Baptists, where the metaphysical tradition is **conspicuous** by its absence.

Answer 108

to preordain His speciality is representing blue-chip boards of directors in messy disputes in Delaware, the tiny state where most American companies are domiciled. But his prescence in high-stakes legal battles was not **preordained**.

Answer 109

to endow Once again, contingent being itself, by the very fact of its specificity, leads the mind inexorably to the conclusion that it rests on the solid foundation of necessary being, the only being which could **endow** it with a purpose.

Answer 110

piszczenie (opon, hamulców); zgrzyt (zawiasów); skrzypienie (podłogi) pisk (zwierzęcia, osoby); kwik (świni) Yet, in spite of the testimony of Mickey Mouse, there is no possible evolutionary link between a mouse’s **squeak** and a man’s speech. They exist on fundamentally different ontological planes, even though both are forms of communication.

Answer 111

uchylać się (np. od obowiązków) Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to consummate the deal, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he **shirks** or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes game of chicken that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 112

niezgoda; impas The **standoff** leaves Twitter in a precarious position, given that its prospects as a standalone company are daunting in part because of a digital-advertising market in upheaval.

Answer 113

to presuppose The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through reason is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This **presupposes** that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious conformity here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 114

sfinalizować interes Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to **consummate the deal**, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he shirks or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes game of chicken that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 115

immensely Since that time, the evolution of the eye has become almost a separate department of study. And why should it not? It is **immensely** fascinating and rewarding to know that at least forty different sets of eyes, and possibly sixty different sets, have evolved in quite distinct and parallel, if comparable, ways.

Answer 116

z góry zakładać The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through reason is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This **presupposes** that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious conformity here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 117

to tip someone over the edge In Sri Lanka’s case, the coronavirus pandemic—which decimated foreign-currency earnings from tourism—and global inflation helped **tip the economy over the edge**. But its precarious financial position had taken root earlier, stemming from an accumulation of debt on infrastructure spending and sweeping tax cuts that drained government revenue, as well as a ban on chemical fertilizers that shrank crop output.

Answer 118

opłakany, bardzo zły Mr. Musk could be forced to write a big check years from now for the husk of a social-media company he once coveted. Or Twitter’s shareholders could walk away with a mere $1 billion consolation prize in that **parlous** state.

Answer 119

zrekompensować wyrównać straty naprawić szkody If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can **make the jilted buyer whole**.If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can make the jilted buyer whole.

Answer 120

obalać (teorię), odpierać (zarzuty), sprostować (fakty), zaprzeczać (czemuś) Professor Harari makes this statement blithely unaware of the philosophical problems which follow in its wake. If, for example, only physical things are real, what are we to say about the idea that only physical things are real? Is that idea real or, better, true? If it is true, then it **refutes** itself.

Answer 121

poniżać się Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having **truckled** to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 122

cierpienie It had waged a covert communications campaign to ensure its collapse, relying on the assistance of Wachtell and PR firm Teneo. The result left Cigna emptyhanded and Wachtell **anguished**.

Answer 123

obyczaje, zwyczaje Harari could, of course, point to the sexual **mores** of primitive peoples as indicative of how the first humans behaved. In fact, he seems to have consulted anthropologists like Margaret Mead before making his claim.

Answer 124

to wrangle over In America, Congress is **wrangling over** the chips Act, which, if enacted, would hand the industry up to $52bn over five years in subsidies and research and development grants.

Answer 125

przygotowywać coś As he was **lining up** financing, Mr. Musk sold $8.5 billion of Tesla stock over three days. Afterward, he said he planned to sell no further shares. He remains the auto maker’s largest investor, with a stake of around 16%, and planned to borrow against his stake.

Answer 126

posthumously In 1997, Arthur was **posthumously** inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, and a citation praised his achievement in ‘bringing the full power of advertising and promotion to pharmaceutical marketing.’ Sackler was, in other words, a drug dealer who knew how to change the system to accommodate what was previously either unethical or illegal activity. In this, he was no different from other Jews of his generation—like Meyer Lansky or Moe Dalitz—who accomplished the same feat by bringing about the decriminalization of gambling and usury.

Answer 127

hogwash The Fed is going to keep raising rates until it sees 2% inflation. That’s significant for two reasons. It’s to regain credibility. It also means the chances of a recession go up because the chances of a policy mistake increase. But if the Fed is successful in getting inflation back to 2%, we’re going to return to an interestrate environment similar to the one we had in the past decade—mainly lower for longer again. The idea that this is like the 1970s is **hogwash**.

Answer 128

to fly in the face of What all of Dawkins’ somersaults in logic have in common is his phobic avoidance of the necessity of a creator. Flis claim that there is no need to invoke a creator **flies in the face of** the inescapable impression that the primordial set of those particles is designed.

Answer 129

rozpacz; utrata nadziei, zwątpienie This is no reason for **despair**, however, because happiness is still possible even if life has absolutely no meaning because biologists hold that our mental and emotional world is governed by biochemical mechanisms shaped by millions of years of evolution. Like all other mental states, our subjective well-being is not determined by external parameters such as salary, social relations or political rights.

Answer 130

standoff The **standoff** leaves Twitter in a precarious position, given that its prospects as a standalone company are daunting in part because of a digital-advertising market in upheaval.

Answer 131

to line up As he was **lining up** financing, Mr. Musk sold $8.5 billion of Tesla stock over three days. Afterward, he said he planned to sell no further shares. He remains the auto maker’s largest investor, with a stake of around 16%, and planned to borrow against his stake.

Answer 132

wrogość Hoyle earned Dawkins’ undying **enmity** when he suggested that natural selection was as probable as having a tornado sweep through a junk yard and produce a 747.

Answer 133

zdolność, predyspozycja Children pick up their native language effortlessly from their mothers, which is why the Germans refer to it as their Muttersprache Children, in other words, have a natural **aptitude** for something that non- rational animals can’t learn, in spite of some species’ ability to mimic sounds.

Answer 134

przestać być czymś zainteresowanym Elon Musk’s showdown with Twitter has set the stage for what could become one of the most unusual courtroom battles in corporate-takeover history history—a spurned acquisition target that never sought to be bought potentially trying to force the buyer who **soured on** the deal to see it through.

Answer 135

trudne zadanie Only Twitter Inc. is a party, and it is a separate and distinct legal entity. Twitter would have to prove harm, such as lost profits, and that’s an **uphill battle**.

Answer 136

to upholster The developments buoyed the moods of the presidential residence’s new occupants, who lounged on beds and **upholstered** chairs, played the piano and even found time for a mock International Monetary Fund debate across a sprawling conference table. Some, however, were left angered by the contrast with ordinary Sri Lankans who were struggling to make ends meet.

Answer 137

kuleć; mieć problemy (o gospodarce, interesach, karierze) Then there’s Microsoft. For its first 25 years, the software giant thrived under Gates, a self-trained software engineer. But under Gates’ friend Steve Ballmer, Microsoft **floundered**. During 14 years under Ballmer’s leadership, Microsoft shares fell by more than 30%.

Answer 138

eminently The order of creation is **eminently** rational. True science could not exist if it were not. Science and mathematics are not possible in the Darwinian universe which Professor Harari is proposing as paradise.

Answer 139

to actualize An infinite number of box cars is no substitute for a locomotive, because no one box car in that series is able to move itself: the only way to stop this regress and arrive at a first member of the series is with a being whose existence does not need to be **actualized** by anything else.

Answer 140

to turn the tables on somebody Notice how Harari frames the issue in order to arrive at his justification for an unjust social order. Ignoring the Old Testament and the fact that God’s existence is a matter of reason, not of faith, Harari **turns the tables on** those who are rational by claiming that creation is based on Christian myths about God.

Answer 141

aptitude Children pick up their native language effortlessly from their mothers, which is why the Germans refer to it as their Muttersprache Children, in other words, have a natural **aptitude** for something that non- rational animals can’t learn, in spite of some species’ ability to mimic sounds.

Answer 142

irrefutable The same is true of his uniqueness vis-a-vis any other hominid, like Neanderthal Man, which Harari proposes as the intermediary step between apes and man. Abandoning his materialism in the light of **irrefutable** evidence surrounding man’s ability to speak, Harari identifies this turning point in history as the Cognitive Revolution.

Answer 143

zadawać kłam, zaprzeczać In spite of Alcuin’s noble intentions, historical factors outside the sphere of philosophy plunged the empire of Charlemagne into a new Dark Age, the Dark Ages of the 10th century, and **belied** the promise of the Carolingian Renaissance.

Answer 144

mieć podstawy do czegoś; mieć wystarczające dowody w sprawie This case highlights an important risk to shareholders in mergers and acquisitions: The corporation that negotiates the deal may not **have much of a case** against a breaching counterparty because the corporation, unlike its shareholders, usually isn’t harmed when the counterparty walks away.

Answer 145

on the fence As for Alphabet, Google’s margins in the past two years have gone up about 1,000 basis points [10 percentage points] from pre-Covid to post-Covid, so there could be some margin pressure as things slow down. Alphabet has a really wide moat and a netcash balance sheet. It’s a great business trading at a good price, but if there is a recession, it will be impacted. I’m **on the fence** right now.

Answer 146

wrzucać do jednego worka While AWS generally gets **lumped** in with Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud, the three services have varying strengths. Haissl, who also recently picked up coverage of Microsoft with a Buy rating, writes that Azure’s strength, predictably enough, is running Microsoft’s own software. Google Cloud has particular prowess in machine learning and artificial intelligence. But Haissl views AWS as the strongest cloud provider overall, with a platform that includes raw data storage, database software, applications, and analytics.

Answer 147

miejsce zamieszkania His speciality is representing blue-chip boards of directors in messy disputes in Delaware, the tiny state where most American companies are **domiciled**. But his prescence in high-stakes legal battles was not preordained.

Answer 148

it goes without saying Empire has always been congenial to the projection of Jewish power. **It goes without saying**, Harari tells us, that the political, economic and social practices of modern Jews, for example, owe far more to the empires under which they lived during the past two millennia than to the traditions of the ancient kingdom of Judaea.

Answer 149

equivocation Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the **equivocation** of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, chirping, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 150

blokować; zakazywać Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God **inhibited** their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 151

pojedynek; wyłożenie kart Elon Musk’s **showdown** with Twitter has set the stage for what could become one of the most unusual courtroom battles in corporate-takeover history history—a spurned acquisition target that never sought to be bought potentially trying to force the buyer who soured on the deal to see it through.

Answer 152

obdarzyć, wyposażyć w coś (np. w umiejętności, talent) Once again, contingent being itself, by the very fact of its specificity, leads the mind inexorably to the conclusion that it rests on the solid foundation of necessary being, the only being which could **endow** it with a purpose.

Answer 153

rezygnować, zaniechać, zrzekać się (np. prawa) Twitter initially seemed to turn up its nose but eventually relented—in part because directors concluded that no one else was likely to have the interest or ability to buy the company at the price Mr. Musk was offering. The billionaire agreed to **waive** detailed due diligence of Twitter’s business.

Answer 154

firma specjalizująca się w jednej branży One of Wall Street’s favorite strategies for assessing corporate value is a sum of the parts approach: Make a list of what the company owns, put a value on each part, then add it all up. For some of Amazon’s businesses, appropriate comparisons are hard to find. There are no **pure-play** public cloud stocks that look anything like AWS; its primary rivals—Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud—are likewise buried inside large businesses.

Answer 155

congenial Empire has always been **congenial** to the projection of Jewish power. It goes without saying, Harari tells us, that the political, economic and social practices of modern Jews, for example, owe far more to the empires under which they lived during the past two millennia than to the traditions of the ancient kingdom of Judaea.

Answer 156

to play along Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to consummate the deal, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he shirks or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes game of chicken that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to **play along**.

Answer 157

dno Success in the cloud can’t change a difficult near-term environment for Amazon’s retail business, but those issues are transient. It will take time before costs and working-capital dynamics normalize after an extraordinary period, but from our perspective there are no structural issues in the business, Haissl says. He thinks this recent quarter will mark the **low point** for Amazon’s retail arm.

Answer 158

to refute Professor Harari makes this statement blithely unaware of the philosophical problems which follow in its wake. If, for example, only physical things are real, what are we to say about the idea that only physical things are real? Is that idea real or, better, true? If it is true, then it **refutes** itself.

Answer 159

sprawić, żeby ktoś zaczął się zachowywać; doprowadzić kogoś do porządku The rock star litigator who hopes to **bring Musk to heel**

Answer 160

w trudnej sytuacji; mieć problem The evolutionists, as a result, are **in a bind**. They can go on affirming the tautology at the heart of Darwinian evolution, which is to say that the eye evolves from the eye, and, by making that affirmation, accept a world in which no change is possible from non-being to being, or they can admit that an outside source is necessary for change, that no potential can actualize itself, that whatever is changed is changed by another, that whatever is moved is moved by another, in which case they have to invoke God.

Answer 161

opóźnienie With demand e xpected to grow ever more insatiable, the time-honoured semiconductor cycle—the consequence of the **lag** between demand and new supply, which takes a year or two to build up—appeared to be a thing of the past.

Answer 162

obiekt kobiecych westchnień (np. aktor); idol We know him as a legendary leading man, a Hollywood power broker, maybe the greatest **heartthrob** of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 163

to make a point of doing something A good mother will **make a point of** having sex with several different men, especially when she is pregnant, so that her child will enjoy the qualities (and paternal care) not merely of the best hunter, but also of the best storyteller, the strongest warrior and the most considerate lover. If this sounds silly, bear in mind that before the development of mod- ern embryological studies, people had no solid evidence that babies are always sired by a single father rather than by many.

Answer 164

husk Mr. Musk could be forced to write a big check years from now for the **husk** of a social-media company he once coveted. Or Twitter’s shareholders could walk away with a mere $1 billion consolation prize in that parlous state.

Answer 165

prestiżowa, z silną pozycją na rynku (o firmie) *zwłaszcza w kontekście kancelarii prawniczych, firm finansowych lub doradczych* The clash pits multiple **white-shoe** law firms against each other.

Answer 166

stać w sprzeczności z; przeczyć What all of Dawkins’ somersaults in logic have in common is his phobic avoidance of the necessity of a creator. Flis claim that there is no need to invoke a creator **flies in the face of** the inescapable impression that the primordial set of those particles is designed.

Answer 167

mores Harari could, of course, point to the sexual **mores** of primitive peoples as indicative of how the first humans behaved. In fact, he seems to have consulted anthropologists like Margaret Mead before making his claim.

Answer 168

pochwała, wzmianka pochwalna In 1997, Arthur was posthumously inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, and a **citation** praised his achievement in ‘bringing the full power of advertising and promotion to pharmaceutical marketing.’ Sackler was, in other words, a drug dealer who knew how to change the system to accommodate what was previously either unethical or illegal activity. In this, he was no different from other Jews of his generation—like Meyer Lansky or Moe Dalitz—who accomplished the same feat by bringing about the decriminalization of gambling and usury.

Answer 169

chłopiec do bicia He then covers over this inability to explain change (and, therefore, evolution) by raising a cloud of rhetorical dust which attempts to obscure the issue by making it a question of probability and small intermediary steps. Creationists, he tells us, citing his favorite **whipping boy**, who attempt to deploy the argument from improbability in their favor always assume that biological adaptation is a question of the jackpot or nothing.

Answer 170

payload If you ground the pills up and snorted them, or dissolved them in liquid and injected them, you could override the time-release mechanism and deliver a huge narcotic **payload** all at once.

Answer 171

wszystko się może zdarzyć, wszystko jest możliwe When it comes to sex, **all biological bets are off**. To make his point Harari even invokes Mother Nature, who—unsurprisingly, given Harari’s sexual orientation, does not mind if men are sexually attracted to one another. It’s only human mothers and fathers steeped in particular cultures who make a scene if their son has a fling with the boy next door.

Answer 172

crude In addition to being an atheist, Darwin was a **crude** materialist who felt that thought was a secretion of the brain.

Answer 173

za jednym razem, na raz Before, during, and after pandemic lockdowns, AWS revenue grew **at a 30%-plus quarterly clip**. In the long term, those trends should continue.

Answer 174

to dissemble Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they **dissembled**. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 175

game of chicken Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to consummate the deal, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he shirks or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes **game of chicken** that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 176

to wear off Soon the people who had gotten hooked on the drug were grinding up multiple tablets of the new super-OxyContin and injecting it into their veins to maintain the original high, which had **worn off** as original highs always do.

Answer 177

resolutely Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a **resolutely** anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having truckled to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 178

showdown Elon Musk’s **showdown** with Twitter has set the stage for what could become one of the most unusual courtroom battles in corporate-takeover history history—a spurned acquisition target that never sought to be bought potentially trying to force the buyer who soured on the deal to see it through.

Answer 179

pogarda The only means the court has to compel him to line up financing and affix his signature to a deal is by holding him in **contempt** if he refuses.

Answer 180

power broker We know him as a legendary leading man, a Hollywood **power broker**, maybe the greatest heartthrob of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 181

secretion In addition to being an atheist, Darwin was a crude materialist who felt that thought was a **secretion** of the brain.

Answer 182

precipice Real life seeks out the gentle slopes at the back of Mount Improbable, while the creationists are blind to all but the daunting **precipice** at the front.

Answer 183

low point Success in the cloud can’t change a difficult near-term environment for Amazon’s retail business, but those issues are transient. It will take time before costs and working-capital dynamics normalize after an extraordinary period, but from our perspective there are no structural issues in the business, Haissl says. He thinks this recent quarter will mark the **low point** for Amazon’s retail arm.

Answer 184

moc prawna; ważność, zasadność, słuszność Hammurabi and the American Founding Fathers alike imagined a reality governed by universal and immutable principles of justice, such as equality or hierarchy. Yet the only place where such universal principles exist is in the fertile imagination of Sapiens, and in the myths they invent and tell one another. These principles have no objective **validity**.

Answer 185

to spill the beans By the middle of the 20th century, that dissimulation was no longer necessary, at least not in the elite circles the Huxleys inhabited. So Aldous Huxley, the bulldog’s grandson, **spilled the beans** in his reminiscences about the 1920s, when the last of the Victorian pretenses was swept away.

Answer 186

ćwierkać Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, **chirping**, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 187

to truckle Darwinian evolution put itself in this metaphysical bind of its own making because it was a resolutely anti-metaphysical ideology from its inception. Darwin and, more importantly, his bulldog T. H. Huxley, wanted to expel God from the universe because God inhibited their desires. Because they lived in an age in which anyone who expressed such views would have been exposed to universal odium, they dissembled. Darwin felt ashamed for having **truckled** to public opinion by invoking the Creator at the conclusion of The Origin of Species.

Answer 188

reason The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through **reason** is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This presupposes that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious conformity here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 189

caboose Suppose you see the **caboose** of a train pulling out of the station, and demand to know what is pulling it. A freight car, you are told. And what is pulling that? Another freight car. And that? Yet another freight car. All true enough; but none of these answers really explains anything, because the freight cars, like the caboose, have no independent power of motion of their own, and so no appeal to freight cars explains anything, even if the series of cars pulling the caboose went on to infinity. What is needed is an appeal to something that does have the power of movement in itself, such as an engine car.

Answer 190

all bets are off When it comes to sex, **all biological bets are off**. To make his point Harari even invokes Mother Nature, who—unsurprisingly, given Harari’s sexual orientation, does not mind if men are sexually attracted to one another. It’s only human mothers and fathers steeped in particular cultures who make a scene if their son has a fling with the boy next door.

Answer 191

command Another lawyer described Savitt as a professor for his **command** of Delaware precedent cases. It was a case representing private equity titan KKR that cemented Savitt’s status as superstar and also changed a significant aspect of corporate law. In 2015, the Delaware Supreme Court confirmed Savitt’s thesis that a company that sold itself could immediately defeat a breach of fiduciary duty allegation if stockholders were fully informed of the deal circumstances and then voted to approve the deal.

Answer 192

to make whole If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can **make the jilted buyer whole**.If one agrees to sell Hearst Castle, but tries to back out when a higher bid emerges, a court may specifically enforce the contract. There is only one Hearst Castle, and no other remedy can make the jilted buyer whole.

Answer 193

on one's last legs He tells me he’s trying to think carefully about what’s ahead, about the path that he wants to chart for the final stages of an abundantly creative career. I consider myself **on my last leg**, he says to me, this last semester or trimester. What is this section gonna be? And how do I wanna design that?

Answer 194

wahający się As for Alphabet, Google’s margins in the past two years have gone up about 1,000 basis points [10 percentage points] from pre-Covid to post-Covid, so there could be some margin pressure as things slow down. Alphabet has a really wide moat and a netcash balance sheet. It’s a great business trading at a good price, but if there is a recession, it will be impacted. I’m **on the fence** right now.

Answer 195

to lump While AWS generally gets **lumped** in with Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud, the three services have varying strengths. Haissl, who also recently picked up coverage of Microsoft with a Buy rating, writes that Azure’s strength, predictably enough, is running Microsoft’s own software. Google Cloud has particular prowess in machine learning and artificial intelligence. But Haissl views AWS as the strongest cloud provider overall, with a platform that includes raw data storage, database software, applications, and analytics.

Answer 196

to be hot stuff In 2021 graphics cards were **hot stuff**. Videogame devotees and cryptocurrency miners queued overnight to get their hands on the latest highend offering from Nvidia or amd, two American chipmakers.

Answer 197

subjugation Those who have abandoned the moral law to justify their sexual sins cannot suddenly do an about-face and appeal to the same moral law to object to their economic **subjugation**. No, they have been caught in the trap of materialism which professors like Dawkins and Harari have prepared for them.

Answer 198

doprowadzić kogoś do ostateczności, doprowadzić kogoś do granic wytrzymałości In Sri Lanka’s case, the coronavirus pandemic—which decimated foreign-currency earnings from tourism—and global inflation helped **tip the economy over the edge**. But its precarious financial position had taken root earlier, stemming from an accumulation of debt on infrastructure spending and sweeping tax cuts that drained government revenue, as well as a ban on chemical fertilizers that shrank crop output.

Answer 199

leading man We know him as a legendary **leading man**, a Hollywood power broker, maybe the greatest heartthrob of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 200

deep thinker Rather, he is a **deep thinker**, prone to scribbling on sticky notes the ideas that will eventually fill his legal memos.

Answer 201

drop in the bucket In 2007, Purdue Pharma had to pay a $600 million fine for lying to doctors about the potential for patients to abuse OxyContin101 and thereby almost single-handedly igniting what is now being called the opioid crisis. The $600 million Purdue Pharma paid was a **drop in the bucket** compared to the billions OxyContin earned for them since the drug was first approved by the FDA. The Sackler family alone has a net worth of $13 billion, which places them above the Rockefellers and the Mellons on the list of America’s richest families.

Answer 202

przekształcać After St. Boniface crowned Pepin as Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne, Pepin’s son, defined the terms of medieval culture for centuries to come. The primitive culture transcended its still recent barbarian roots due, in large measure, to Benedict’s rule of monastic life, which turned Frankish eyes favorably toward Rome and the classical culture which Rome had absorbed and **transfigured**.

Answer 203

nie trzeba dodawać, że; to się rozumie samo przez się; Empire has always been congenial to the projection of Jewish power. **It goes without saying**, Harari tells us, that the political, economic and social practices of modern Jews, for example, owe far more to the empires under which they lived during the past two millennia than to the traditions of the ancient kingdom of Judaea.

Answer 204

to woo Money managers in private markets rush to **woo** affluent individuals, while public markets shrink; here’s how these shifts could play out in the coming years.

Answer 205

conformity The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through reason is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This presupposes that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious **conformity** here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 206

to flounder Then there’s Microsoft. For its first 25 years, the software giant thrived under Gates, a self-trained software engineer. But under Gates’ friend Steve Ballmer, Microsoft **floundered**. During 14 years under Ballmer’s leadership, Microsoft shares fell by more than 30%.

Answer 207

odgadnąć (np. znaczenie czegoś), odkryć (np. prawdę), wybadać (np. sytuację) In reporting this story, Barron’s found at least four different attempts by Wall Street analysts to **suss** out the company’s true value. They involve different parts, different metrics, and varying conclusions. The only consistent theme? Amazon’s parts add up to a lot more than its current market value.

Answer 208

kropla w morzu In 2007, Purdue Pharma had to pay a $600 million fine for lying to doctors about the potential for patients to abuse OxyContin101 and thereby almost single-handedly igniting what is now being called the opioid crisis. The $600 million Purdue Pharma paid was a **drop in the bucket** compared to the billions OxyContin earned for them since the drug was first approved by the FDA. The Sackler family alone has a net worth of $13 billion, which places them above the Rockefellers and the Mellons on the list of America’s richest families.

Answer 209

domicile [domesajl] His speciality is representing blue-chip boards of directors in messy disputes in Delaware, the tiny state where most American companies are **domiciled**. But his prescence in high-stakes legal battles was not preordained.

Answer 210

lag With demand e xpected to grow ever more insatiable, the time-honoured semiconductor cycle—the consequence of the **lag** between demand and new supply, which takes a year or two to build up—appeared to be a thing of the past.

Answer 211

wziąć ślub Courts will be to walk away than force him to **walk down the aisle**. But it isn’t clear he will have to pay that much.

Answer 212

to have a case This case highlights an important risk to shareholders in mergers and acquisitions: The corporation that negotiates the deal may not **have much of a case** against a breaching counterparty because the corporation, unlike its shareholders, usually isn’t harmed when the counterparty walks away.

Answer 213

to expunge Harari, it seems, can’t **expunge** the Book of Genesis from his mind, perhaps because its central assertion about the human race, namely, that all humans have descended from one man and one woman, has been validated by the genome project.

Answer 214

to transfigure After St. Boniface crowned Pepin as Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne, Pepin’s son, defined the terms of medieval culture for centuries to come. The primitive culture transcended its still recent barbarian roots due, in large measure, to Benedict’s rule of monastic life, which turned Frankish eyes favorably toward Rome and the classical culture which Rome had absorbed and **transfigured**.

Answer 215

ładunek If you ground the pills up and snorted them, or dissolved them in liquid and injected them, you could override the time-release mechanism and deliver a huge narcotic **payload** all at once.

Answer 216

to bring somebody to heel The rock star litigator who hopes to **bring Musk to heel**

Answer 217

ustalić z góry; przesądzać His speciality is representing blue-chip boards of directors in messy disputes in Delaware, the tiny state where most American companies are domiciled. But his prescence in high-stakes legal battles was not **preordained**.

Answer 218

to chirp Harari gets away with contradictions like this by using verbal sleights of hand based on the equivocation of crucial terms. His use of the term language, for example, is equivocal. In fact, his argument is reducible to the equivocal use of one term—namely, language—to describe two different forms of communication. Animals can communicate by barking, **chirping**, growling, hissing, etc., but only man can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning.

Answer 219

niezmienny, stały Hammurabi and the American Founding Fathers alike imagined a reality governed by universal and **immutable** principles of justice, such as equality or hierarchy. Yet the only place where such universal principles exist is in the fertile imagination of Sapiens, and in the myths they invent and tell one another. These principles have no objective validity.

Answer 220

zgodność, przystosowanie, dostosowanie The most fundamental assumption of the rational mind is that the world perceived through reason is true—that the world itself is reason- able. This presupposes that the mind interpreting the world through reason is somehow apprehending the world as it actually exists. The mysterious **conformity** here between the rationality of our minds and the ‘rationality’ found in the world around us has a very simple explanation: both were brought into being by an intelligent, rational, orderly, and lawgiving Creator God who made this Universe the way it is.

Answer 221

to shirk Mr. Musk promised to cause these entities to consummate the deal, but a court is unlikely to jail him if he **shirks** or refuses. Mr. Musk could play a highstakes game of chicken that ultimately reveals that courts are extremely limited in cases like this if the parties don’t want to play along.

Answer 222

główna rola męska We know him as a legendary **leading man**, a Hollywood power broker, maybe the greatest heartthrob of all time. But Brad Pitt isn’t attached to any of those old conceptions.

Answer 223

boilerplate He is likely to walk away largely unscathed, a belief reflected in Twitter’s stock price. This case will be a good lesson on the limits of **boilerplate** merger agreements and the difference between a corporation and its shareholders.

Answer 224

corollary Because the existence of an orderly universe necessarily implies the existence of a creator God as the source of that order, the social order by which man orders his existence is the logical **corollary** of the order of that universe. Harari willfully ignores all this in claiming that Darwinism has proven there is no God as the basis for his claim there can be no such thing as justice.

Answer 225

zakres Jews have been able to thrive in empires throughout history because they are good at administering those empires’ systems of control. The American Empire is no exception. If the broad **sweep** of history has any direction in Harari’s view it is that successive empires have unified more and more territory under their hegemony, culminating finally in the American Empire, as administered by academics like Professor Harari, who claims that the American Empire is founded on science and capitalism, both of which are manifestations of ultimate reality.

Answer 226

to be at work Clearly, something other than a defective father **was at work**. Some other factor needs to be added to the mix to understand the difference between defective fathers and the exalted father known as God.

Deck no. 31 Flashcards

(250 cards)