Deck One Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Evergreen
A
Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to deciduous.
2
Q
Space
A
The three-dimensional expanse, generally enclosed by building elements, accommodates human activity.
3
Q
Inversion
A
A situation, generally the reverse of normal, in which cold air is close to the ground and a layer of warm air is above it.
4
Q
Occupant load
A
The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time.
5
Q
ingress
A
An Entrance
6
Q
Byzantine
A
An Architectural style of the Byzantine Empire in the 5th century employed masonry arches and domes on pendentives.
7
Q
Culvert
A
A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier, used to drain or carry water.
8
Q
Deciduous
A
Trees that shed leaves annually as opposed to evergreens.
9
Q
Water Cycle
A
The general pattern of movement of the water on, under, and above the earth.
10
Q
Finish grade
A
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
11
Q
Street-Front-Pattern
A
A common housing pattern in which houses and apartments line both sides of the streets.
12
Q
Baldacchino
A
A freestanding canopy supported by columns symbolically sheltering an altar, throne, or tomb.
13
Q
Dwelling Unit
A
An independent living area that includes its own private cooking and bathing facilities.
14
Q
Fire Resistive Construction
A
Construction to resist the spread of fire, as specified in the applicable building code.
15
Q
Empirical
A
Derived from observation, experience or experiment, and not based on theory.
16
Q
Holistic
A
Relating to an entity, rather than to its parts; overall
17
Q
Network
A
A system of circulation channels that covers a large area.
18
Q
Air rights
A
The rights to use or control the air space above a property.
19
Q
Frontage
A
The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.
20
Q
Glare
A
Extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field, can cause discomfort.
21
Q
Access Right
A
The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.
22
Q
Arabesque
A
A surface decoration using intricate flowing lines and geometric patterns.
23
Q
Drain Tile
A
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey, water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
24
Q
lanai
A
A Hawaiian terrace or veranda.
25
Effective Temperature
A fictitious temperature which would produce the same physiological effect as the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement.
26
Transpiration
The process by which water vapor escapes into the atmosphere from plants
27
Urban Renewal
A process of public intervention in the development of an existing urban area, in which a public agency acquires ownership of property and administers its resale for development to mainly private owners.
28
Sector Theory
A theory of urban development which assumes that land uses tend to be arranged in sectors or pie-shaped wedges radiating the center of the city.
29
Ring Pattern
A land use pattern which is developed in a circle or doughnut shape.
30
Procurement Documents
The documents used to obtain pricing from prospective contractors
31
Sale And Leaseback
A form of leasehold in which the owner of a piece of property recovers the capital invested in the property, but retains the use of the property.
32
Ambiguity
The quality in a design that lacks clarity of meaning, is difficult to classify or has several possible interpretations.
33
Ambulatory
Able to Walk
34
Heuristic
Serving to reveal or disclose; stimulating interest in order to encourage further investigation.
35
Assembly Building
A building or a portion thereof used for the gathering together of 50 or more persons.
36
Flame Spread Rating
A numerical classification indicates the risk at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame spread and class III have the most
37
Ergonomics
The study of the interaction between humans and machines.
38
Contingency Allowance
An amount included in a construction budget, normally 5 to 10 percent, to provide for unforeseen or unpredictable costs.
39
Conforming Use
Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance.
40
Environmental Impact Statement
A Statement, often required by a governmental body, which assesses the environmental impact of a proposed development.
41
REC
A renewable energy certificate REC is a voluntary program that facilitates consumer purchase of electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
42
Z.E.B.
A Zero Energy Building- Net Zero Building
42
Dry-Type Fluid Cooler
A type of sealed cooling tower unit that uses no supplementary mak-up water or chemical treatments. Dry type fluid coolers conserve water and use less energy.
43
Thermal Bridging
Heat Transfer from one surface to another in a building envelope.
Thermal bridging increases energy loss, leads to potentially higher HVAC operating costs, and may create lower comfort levels for building inhabitants. a common strategy to reduce thermal bridging is to utilize windows with thermal breaks.
44
Evaporative Cooling
A technique of using natural water evaporation to cool the air in a building. Water absorbs energy from the air when it evaporates into gas, which leaves the remaining air cooler than before. Building can utilize passive evaporation from fountains of slow-moving pools of water or hybrid evaporation with the addition of mechanical devices to control the process.
45
Stack Effect
A thermal characteristic of air within a space where warmer air rises and cooler air descends.
The stack effect can be used in a building to induce natural air movements for cooling or heating purposes.
46
R.F.P.
Request for Proposal is a sophisticated process of obtaining design services based upon experience, qualifications, and recommendations from previous owners.
47
Commissioning
Documented confirmation that building systems function according to criteria set forth in the project documents.
48
Commissioning Authority
An independent entity engaged to verify the quality of the project in relation to the owner's project requirements.
49
Spearin Doctrine
A 1918 court decision stating that a contractor is entitled to rely on the construction documents provided by the owner to be sufficient for their intended purpose and is not responsible for the consequences of defects in the contract documents.
50
Procurement
The transition from the design stage to the construction stage of a project. Involves the bidding, negotiating, and purchasing phases.
51
EJCDC
Engineers Joint contract Documents Committee
52
A.G.C.
Associated General Contractors Of America.
53
F.O.B.
Free on Board factory, freight, prepaid to the job site.
54
Bid Shopping
The practice of revealing the subbid of one subcontractor to obtain a lower price from another subcontractor.
55
Owner Build
The owner is involved in each and every aspect of construction contracting for each and every portion of the project.
56
Design negotiate build
The owner and contractor negotiate a construction contract in order to achieve mutual benefit and avoid the inherent risks of competitive bidding.
57
Building Code
A code regulating the design and construction of buildings, adopted and enforced by a government agency.
58
Comfort Zone
The combination of thermal and environmental conditions within which a human is comfortable is often shown on a psychrometric chart.
59
Eminent Domain
The right of the state to take private property for public use, with reasonable compensation paid to the owner.
60
Setback
The minimum distance from the property line into which a structure may not extend.
61
F.N.M.A.
Federal National Mortgage Association. An agency whose function is to stabilize the housing market by purchasing mortgages or providing mortgage money directly.
62
Soil Boring Log
A log showing the types of soil encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
63
F.H.A.
Federal Housing Administration, was founded in 1934 to provide mortgage insurance.
64
Runoff Coefficient
The percentage of total rainfall which is not absorbed in the ground and, hence, runs, off. It must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains.
65
Lot Area
The total horizontal area within the boundary lines of a parcel of land.
66
Party Wall
A wall built astride a property line between two adjoining buildings.
67
Zoning Envelope
The volume within which a building may legally be placed.
68
Deductive Reasoning
A logical process in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises, as opposed to inductive reasoning.
69
Occupancy
The purpose for which a building is intended to be used.
70
Legal Description
A written description of the location and boundaries of a parcel of land, in accordance with a system prescribed by law.
71
Bearing
In surveying a direction stated in degrees, minutes, and seconds as an angular deviation east or west from due north or south.
72
Baptistery
A building used for baptismal services
73
Smokeproof Enclosure
A required exit which consists of a vestibule and continuous stairway enclosed from the highest point to the lowest point by walls of two hour fire resistive construction and which exits into a public way or an exit passageway leading to a public way.
74
Highest and Best Use
The most Profitable use of a parcel of land.
75
Easement
The right held by one party to make limited use of the property of another.
76
Nonconforming Use
A use for property which is no longer permitted by the zoning ordinance. Unless it is unsafe, such as a use is generally allowed to continue.
77
Condemnation
The process by which private property is taken for public use under the right of eminent domain, with reasonable compensation paid to the owner.
78
Fire-Resistant Rating
The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire.
79
Chill Factor
A fictitious temperature is assigned to a combination of actual temperatures and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the chill factor temperature. it is also known as the wind chill index.
80
Restriction
A limitation on the use of property defined by covenant in a deed by private agreement, or by public legislative action.
81
Central Business District CBD
The core of a city, containing the main concentration of stores, offices, and services.
82
Erosion
The gradual wearing away or disintegration of land caused by water, wind, and so on running over its surface.
83
Metes and Bounds
A description of property boundaries expressed by directions (bearings) and distances, starting from a known reference point.
84
Dry Well
A pit, is usually filled with coarse stone into which water is conducted for leaching out into the surrounding soil.
85
Wind Chill Index
A fictitious temperature is assigned to a combination of actual temperature and wind velocity which has the same physiological effect as still air at the wind chill index temperature. it is also known as chill factor
86
Caulking
A compound used to seal the joint between two materials or surfaces.
87
Fair Housing
Non-discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing.
88
Premise
A statement supporting or helping to support a conclusion.
89
Construction Management
A procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager (CM) who is generally responsible for control of a projects time, cost, and quality.
90
Convection
The heat transfer process which occurs when a warm fluid rises, displacing cold fluid which then falls
91
Deed
A legal document which is used to transfer property title from one party to another.
92
Joint Tenancy
Equal and undivided ownership of a property by two or more persons that upon the death of one, interest passes to the survivors.
93
Sanitary Sewer
An underground pipe drain to carry off waste matter.
94
P.U.D
Planned unit development, a zoning designation that is used to achieve the cluster concept, including commercial and industrial as well as housing development.
95
Inductive Reasoning
A logical process in which a conclusion contains more information than the premises on which it is based, as opposed to deductive reasoning.
96
Off-Street Parking
Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.
97
Variance
Special permission granted to an owner permitting a deviation from zoning requirements normally applicable to the property in question
98
Bench Mark
A relatively permanent surveyor's mark of known location and elevation.
99
Housing Authority
A public which provides and manages housing, particularly for low-income families.
100
Non - Ambulatory
Referring to a disability which makes a person unable to walk and therefore confined to a wheelchair.
101
Water Table
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the groundwater level.
102
Covenant
A deed restriction that regulates land use, construction materials, appearance, or aesthetic qualities of an area.
103
Fee Simple
A form of land ownership in which the owner has absolute title, which can be transferred by sale or bequest.
104
Discharge
Flow from a culvert, sewer, or other channel.
105
Archetype
An original model after which something is patterned; is a prototype.
106
Site Planning
Designing the external physical environment in which buildings and structures are placed.
107
H.U.D.
Department of Housing and Urban Development, the federal agency concerned with all phases of housing activities.
108
Mastic
A permanently plastic, waterproof, adhesive material used in sealing joints.
109
Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R.)
The ratio of the gross floor area of a building to the area of the lot.
110
Leasehold
A form of real estate tenancy in which the lessee has the right to use a piece of property under conditions described in the lease.
111
Value Engineering
The systematic review of a project design to obtain the best value for the money spent, considering first costs, operating costs and replacement costs.
112
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A system of planning and scheduling construction operations which analyzes sequences and durations of time using network diagrams.
113
Architectural Programming
A process leading to the statement of an architectural problem and the requirements to be met in offering a solution.
114
Strip Development
A long, narrow commercial development usually located along a highway or major street.
115
Caisson
A waterproof boxlike structure in which construction work can be performed underwater, also a pile constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled shaft.
116
Acoustics
The science of sound and sound control.
117
Conditional Use
A use not strictly allowed in zoning ordinance, but permitted if specified conditions are met and if approval is granted by the local governing body.
118
Contour
An imaginary line on the ground surface connecting all points of equal elevation.
119
Keystone
The wedge-shaped top member of an arch.
