Programming and Analysis mod 1

Question 1

Name the three major geo-technical considerations

Answer 1

Water Runoff

Ground Water Table Height

Aquifer Location and height

Question 2

Name (5) phases that are preformed during programming.

Answer 2

Gathering Data
Establishing Goals
Mapping Functions
Setting Priorities
Researching Requirements

Question 3

If done correctly, programming should do what?

Answer 3

Clarify the owner’s intentions.

Set a mutually agreed upon direction for the design.

Question 4

List some of the best ways to research unfamiliar projects.

Answer 4

-Researching case studies
-Visiting existing projects
-Paying for research
-Hiring special cost consultants.

Question 5

Soil types are classified based on what?

Answer 5

The size of particles of the soil.

Question 6

How does the level of the water table on the site affect the design of the foundation?

Answer 6

If the water table is located less than 6” below the surface, this is considered high and will limit the foundation design.

A mat slab or pile foundation may be necessary in order to evenly distribute the loads of the building on site.

Question 7

What is an Aquifer

Answer 7

An Aquifer is a layer of water flowing underground, sometimes referred to as an underground stream.

The presence of an aquifer could supply fresh water to the building, or limit the depth of the foundations

Question 8

Name 4 soil types and their capacities.

Answer 8

-Bedrock 10,000 psf
-Well graded gravel or sand 3000-12,000 psf
-Compacted sand or fil 2000-3000 psf
Silt or Clay 1000-4000psf

Question 9

What is a ground water table?

Answer 9

The layer below the surface soil when it is saturated soil. Sometime this water table is 2 feet below the surface, sometimes it is 200 feet below.

The depth of the water table will determine the type of foundation you can use, if you will need expensive waterproofing, or if a basement would even be possible.

Question 10

What is Programming

Answer 10

Where you identify and organize the architectural, functional, aesthetic, operational, and budgetary needs of the client.

Question 11

What (4) items should be considered during programming?

Answer 11

• Building function
  -Building form
  -Project budget
  -Project schedule

Question 12

What is soil load bearing capacity?

Answer 12

Bearing capacity refers to the maximum amount of pressure a foundation soil can bear without harmful settlement.

Question 13

t/f Programming and Arch design are completely independent of one another

Answer 13

True : During programming the problems of the project are sought out and documented.

design; these problems are discussed and adequate solutions are developed.

Question 14

Compaction

Answer 14

Compressing to release air trapped between the grain. Creates higher bearing capacity.

Question 15

Surcharging

Answer 15

Adding soils to a site to increase the weight on the soils and aid in compaction.

Question 16

Can soil-bearing capacity be increased? how

Answer 16

Soils can increase bearing capacity by fill, compaction, and surcharging.

Question 17

Name the four different levels of soil.

Answer 17

• Topsoil
  -Minerals
  -Weathered/Fractured rock
  -Solid Bedrock

Question 18

Which soil type is considered the best to build on?

Answer 18

Bedrock or Gravel.

Question 19

Why is the location of the frost line important?

Answer 19

The frost line indicates the level where the soil freezes.

The top of footings should be at or below the frost line, which avoids damage to the foundation due to moisture changes throughout the year.

Question 20

What is a proctor test?

Answer 20

A proctor test is used to calculate the maximum density that is required for the soil on a project site.

This test evaluates the native soils in both dry and wet conditions to determine the potential negative qualities of the soil.

It is preformed by dropping a hammer on a sample of soil several times and then dried for a period of time.

Question 21

What is a percolation test and when would it be used?

Answer 21

A percolation test evaluates the rate at which soil will absorb water on a site.

This test is necessary for septic draining or leach fields.

Question 22

45 degrees translates to what percentage of slope?

Answer 22

100% slope as rise over run is 1 to 1 or 1/1

Question 23

What are 6 strategies to reduce energy use?

Answer 23

-solar panel
-insulation
-insulated windows
-orientation of the building
-light color roof
-efficient light bulbs

Question 24

describe how to determine the grade or slope of a site.

Answer 24

-g=v/h(100)
g=gradeof slope
v=the rise or vert dist.
h=the horz. run

Multiply by 100 to convert into a percentage.

Question 25

What are 5 strategies to reduce water use?

Answer 25

- drip irrigation -low flow toilets native plants use graywater reuse rainwater

Question 26

What should you do if you discover large quantities of organic soils on a site?

Answer 26

This soil will likely need to be removed and replaced with an appropriate fill material. Otherwise, foundation piles would need to extend through to solid bedrock or bearing soils

Question 27

Describe the angle of repose.

Answer 27

The angle of repose describes how soils form mounds when loose. Sand and gravel are stiff soils and will have steeper angles of repose as compared to soft silts and slays.

Question 28

Ecology

Answer 28

Ecology is the science of the relationship between an organism or community and its environment.

Question 29

Bearing Capacity

Answer 29

The safe bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil divided by a safety factor of 2 to 4 times. This ensures the site will not endure the full ultimate bearing capacity and helps to avoid structural failure

Question 30

What is the maximum slope allowed for an accessible ramp?

Answer 30

Handicapped ramp slopes must be a 1:12 slope 1/12(100)=8.3%

Question 31

Name 4 general rules of thumb for site grading and what they are best used for.

Answer 31

0-4% = flat 4-10% is moderate 10-50%= steep 50% + very steep

Question 32

What is a water table

Answer 32

The level of water below the surface of the ground is referred to as the water table.

Question 33

Why is solar orientation important when laying out a site design?

Answer 33

The more perpendicular the sun's rays are to the site, the greater the amount of solar radiation received

Question 34

What considerations should be given for exterior building materials?

Answer 34

Materials used on the exterior of a building must withstand the elements. Durable materials should be selected to extend the useful life of he materials. The local conditions should help determine the appropriate materials

Question 35

What factors of the sun radiation should be taken into consideration when designing a site?

Answer 35

Time of day Azimuth length of sun exposure slope of site

Question 36

Indigenous materials

Answer 36

Locally found materials are called Indigenous materials and do not require transportation or import

Question 37

4 different climate zones

Answer 37

cool zones temperate zones arid zones Tropical zones

Question 38

Microclimate

Answer 38

A microclimate refers to the specific local conditions of the site, it is affected by the vegetation elevation slope, water, wind, solar, exposure and any man made structures

Question 39

Macroclimate

Answer 39

refers to the climate of a region, like a country or an area like Southern Utah.

Question 40

Microclimate

Answer 40

refers to the climate on a particular site.

Question 41

What site elements can be studied to determine the effect of the microclimate on the site?

Answer 41

-Location of plants and water -amount and location of the sun exposure -prevailing winds -ground surface coverage

Question 42

What are 4 site conditions that can affect the microclimate of a site?

Answer 42

latitude elevation winds water location mountain location topography

Question 43

Thermal mass

Answer 43

The ability of a material to store temperature is referred to as thermal mass If insulation is how a material is able to hold in temperature , thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb and store temperature.

Question 44

Albedo

Answer 44

is a measure of the reflectivity of a material.

Question 45

Site must be protected from cold winter winds- what trees would be best suited for this?

Answer 45

Conifers are excellent wind breakers as they retain their dense needle filled branches year round.

Question 46

Smart landscaping- how does smart landscaping help act as a natural heat buffer on a site

Answer 46

Trees can help screen and direct wind on a site. trees and vegetation absorb sunlight and add humidity to the air. Planted areas are cooler during hot summer days.

Question 47

Define a deciduous tree and name three species that fall under this category

Answer 47

Full with leaves through the spring and summer, providing shade. leaves fall in the autumn and expose bare branches through the winter allowing sun to pass into a building. Maples, elms, oaks, sycamores.

Question 48

Define a conifer and give two examples of this type of tree.

Answer 48

Needle-like evergreens that do not shed leaves. Perfect when used as year round wind breakers or privacy screens. Pines, spruce, firs.

Question 49

Deciduous trees serve what purpose best?

Answer 49

The best choice when a site needs shade in the summer and sun in the winter.

Question 50

What are the three primary reasons for landscape design

Answer 50

Recreation, circulation comfort

Question 51

Program information can be gathered how?

Answer 51

-In person interviews -Visiting similar types of facilities -Observation of your client research of case studies

Question 52

Describe two best case scenarios regarding rain drainage on site

Answer 52

Falls onto the site and run downhill around the building. A building shape that doesn't allow runoff to be directed back against the building

Question 53

Name two things that soil type effects

Answer 53

Foundation The flow of water into the ground.

Question 54

three potential consequences of overlooking environmental regulations

Answer 54

-disruption from construction -increased project cost -schedule delays

Question 55

In regards to the topography of a proposed site why is the quality and absorption of soil of concern

Answer 55

Drainage.

Question 56

What are four standardized national codes used to create the building codes adopted by AHJ's

Answer 56

-Uniform Building Codes -Building officials and code administrators -International Conference of building officials -international building code.

Question 57

What is the purpose of building code enforcement?

Answer 57

Assurance of health, safety, and welfare of the people

Question 58

What is model building code developed by the international code

Answer 58

IBC

Question 59

What building codes topics are typically addressed at the programming phase

Answer 59

The enforcement of codes and regulations all contribute to assurance of health, safety and welfare for those who inhabit a built environment.

Question 60

Name five items the building department will review for during the plan check process.

Answer 60

- construction standards of care -Hurricane Requirements -Safety -Sanitation requirements -Electrical -Energy efficiency requirements -egress life safety

Question 61

What is the main intent and purpose of building codes?

Answer 61

To protect the health safety and welfare of the occupants

Question 62

What building codes topics are typically addressed at the programming phase

Answer 62

The enforcement of codes and regulations all contribute to the assurance of health, safety, and welfare.

Question 63

Describe a prescriptive code.

Answer 63

A code that specifies specific techmiques materials and methods allowing for use.