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Semester 3 > deck_16358816 > Flashcards

deck_16358816 Flashcards

1
Q

“Specialized Circulatory Routes”

A

Hepatic Portal Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Fetal Circulation

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2
Q

misc facts

A

Blood vessels are usually named for location or the organs they serve
E.g.
—> “subclavian” or “renal”

Arteries & veins of the same area usually share the same name

If a vessel’s name includes an adjective describing an anatomical direction, there is usually a nearby vessel with the opposite adjective.
E.g.
—> Hence, if there is an external iliac artery, there will be an internal iliac artery and both an inferior and superior vena cava.

“Common” means it will further split into “Internal”& “External”

Right and Left are usually the same except for around the heart

Remember to always use LEFT and RIGHT and ARTERY or VEIN when naming

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3
Q

ascending aorta gives rise to

A

—> Right coronary artery
Marginal branch
Posterior Interventricular a.

—> Left coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Anterior interventricular a.

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4
Q

aortic arch gives rise to

A

Brachiocephalic trunk —> R common carotid a.

+
L subclavian a.

+
L common carotid a.

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5
Q

Brachiocephalic turnk gives rise to

A

R common carotid a.

R subclavian a.
—> R vertebral a.

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6
Q

Left subclavian artery gives rise to

A

L Vertebral a.
—> Basilar a.
—> Posterior Cerebral aa.

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7
Q

common carotid becomes

A

internal/external carotid

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8
Q

external carotid becomes

A

Facial aa.
Occipital aa.
Superficial temporal aa.
Maxillary aa.

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9
Q

internal carotid becomes

A

anterior & middle cerebral arteries

(w/ anterior and posterior communicating arteries)

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10
Q

where does posterior cerebral artery come from?

A

from vertebral arteries

which come from SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES

I.e.
Anterior/middle cerebral comes from
—> INTERNAL CAROTID

which comes from
—> aortic arch / brachiocephalic trunk

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11
Q

UPPER EXTREMITY

A

..

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12
Q

axillary also gives rise to

A

internal thoracic aa

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13
Q

axillary to

A

lateral thoracic aa

anteior/posterior humeral circumflex aa

subscapular aa
—> (which goes to thoracodorsal aa,
and cflx scapular aa)

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14
Q

suprascapular aa (fyi)

A

from subclavian aa

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15
Q

dorsal scapular aa (fyi)

A

from subclavian aa

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16
Q

first and second posterior intercostal aa

A

from supreme intercostal aa (from costocervical trunk)

—> from SUBCLAVIAN AA

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17
Q

where does axillary aa become brachial aa

A

teres major

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18
Q

ulnar aa to

A

anterior/posterior interosseous aa (via common interosseous aa)

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19
Q

hand?

A

deep palmar arch

superficial palmar arch

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20
Q

deep palmar arch to

A

palmar MC aa

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21
Q

superficial palmar arch to

A

common palmar digital aa

proper palmar digital aa

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22
Q

thoracic aorta

A

parietal branches

visceral branches

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23
Q

parietal branches of thoracic aorta

A

Posterior intercostal aa.
Subcostal aa.
Superior phrenic aa.

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24
Q

visceral branches of thoracic aorta

A

Mediastinal aa.

Pericardial aa.

Esophageal aa.

Bronchial aa.

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25
Q

BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA

A

Parietal branches

Visceral branches

26
Q

Parietal branches of abdominal aorta

A

Inferior phrenic aa.
Lumbar aa.
Median sacral aa.

27
Q

Visceral branches of abdominal aorta

A

Celiac trunk
—> (see branches)

(Middle) Suprarenal aa

Superior mesenteric
—> (see branches)

Renal aa

Gonadal aa

Inferior mesenteric
—> (see branches)

28
Q

celiac trunk leads to

A

Left gastric aa

splenic artery

common hepatic artery
—> (see branches)

29
Q

common hepatic artery (off of celiac trunk) leads to

A

proper hepatic artery

right gastric aa

gastroduodenal artery

30
Q

superior mesenteric artery leads to

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
(anterior/posterior branches)

middle colic artery

right colic artery

jejunal arteries / ileal arteries

ileocolic artery

31
Q

inferior mesenteric artery leads to

A

left colic artery

sigmoid arteries

superior (ano)rectal artery

32
Q

LOWER EXTREMITY

A

..

33
Q

common iliac aa leads to

A

internal/external iliac aa

34
Q

external iliac aa leads to

A

femoral aa

35
Q

femoral aa leads to

A

deep femoral aa

36
Q

deep femoral aa becomes

A

lateral/medial femoral circumflex aa

37
Q

femoral aa eventually becomes

A

popliteal aa

(@ about distal 1/4 of femur)

38
Q

popliteal aa becomes

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

39
Q

posterior tibial artery also gives rise to

A

fibular artery

40
Q

posterior tibial artery leads to these arteries of foot

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

(begin @ sustentaculum tali on 3d model)

41
Q

plantar arteries give rise to (?)

A

plantar metacarpal arteries

plantar digital arteries

42
Q

anterior tibial artery leads to these arteries of the foot

A

dorsal pedis artery
(@ approximately the level of inferior articular surface of tibia)

43
Q

dorsal pedis artery also leads to

A

arcuate artery of foot

44
Q

together they lead into

A

dorsal metatarsal arteries

45
Q

which lead to

A

dorsal digital arteries (of foot)

46
Q

portal system

A

A system that carries blood from one network of capillaries to another

A vein that carries blood from one capillary network to another is called a portal vein

47
Q

hepatic portal circulation

A

Carries venous blood from GI organs and spleen to liver via hepatic portal vein

48
Q

why hepatic portan vein (3 reasons)

A
  1. To modify substances that have been absorbed for storage (ie. convert glucose to glycogen)
  2. To detoxify harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol
  3. To destroy ingested bacteria by phagocytosis
49
Q

2 pathways that unite to form the hepatic portal cein (HPV):

A
  1. Superior Mesenteric Vein*: drains blood from the small intestine and portions of the large intestine, stomach and pancreas
  2. Splenic Vein*: drains blood from the stomach, pancreas, and portions of the large intestines
50
Q

2 other veins that drain into hepatic portal vein

A

cystic vein:
drains the gall bladder, opens directly into the hepatic portal vein.

R & L gastricveins:
drain the stomach, open directly into the hepatic portal vein.

51
Q

about hepatic portal circulation

A

carries O2 poor, but nutrient rich blood coming from the gastrointestinal tract.

liver is also receiving blood from the common hepatic artery (branch of the celiac trunk), thus there is a mixture of blood within the liver.

52
Q

what happens to blood after assessed/modified/detoxified?

A

ALL blood, after it’s been assessed, modified, cleansed, & detoxified by the liver, will re-enter general circulation via the hepatic veins

53
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

Encompasses the circulatory routes from the heart to the lungs and back

54
Q

pulmonary arteries vs veins

A

Pulmonary arteries:
exit the R ventricle via the pulmonary trunk, and split into right and left sides, carry de-oxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to deliver CO2 & pick up O2.

Pulmonary veins:
return newly oxygenated blood back to the heart at the Left atrium.

55
Q

Fetal circulation

A

Defined as the blood circulation through the fetus during in-utero development

“This circulation is active only in the uterus as major organs are immature and non-functional until after birth.”

56
Q

which organs of fetus not functioning until birth?

A

Lungs, kidneys, GI tract

do not function till birth.

57
Q

where are nutrients, O2/CO2, wastes exchanged?

A

Nutrients, gases, wastes are all exchanged with maternal blood.

58
Q

how is exchange performed?

A

Maternal placenta
the special structure that allows exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulations.

Umbilical cord
attached to the umbilicus of the baby, this contains the umbilical arteries & umbilical veins.

Umbilical arteries: carry deoxygenated blood & wastes to the placenta

Umbilical veins: carry oxygenated blood & nutrients back to the baby

59
Q

recall these structures

A

Foramen ovale:
a hole in the atrial septum that allows blood to pass from right to left atria

Ductus arteriosus:
a vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk with the aorta

60
Q

ductus venosus

A

Ductus Venosus
a vessel that drains blood from the umbilical veins into the inferior vena cava

61
Q

omentum vs mesentery

A

A large double layer called the omentum covers the front of your abdomen like an apron.

A double layer in the back called the mesentery attaches your intestines to your back abdominal wall.

62
Q

epiploic (gastroepiploic)

A

Epiploic means “of or associated with an omentum.” The omentum is a fold in the peritoneum

Semester 3 (32 decks)

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