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deck_17332 Flashcards

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, prcainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1 biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener;s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

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9
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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13
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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14
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in elukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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16
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflmmatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Boot-shaped heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with slfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoase tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1, hyperparathyroidism; 2, Osteitis fibrosa cystica

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinsons's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
30
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
31
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
33
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl's-eye appearance of CMV
34
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
37
Eosinphilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
38
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
39
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
40
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl's eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
41
Glomerus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
42
"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) apperance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
43
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
44
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
45
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleisis (EBV)
46
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
47
High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
48
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (1 TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
49
Honeycomb lung on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
50
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
51
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
52
Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
53
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
54
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
55
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: ↗chance of mesothelioma
56
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
57
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
58
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's syndrome
59
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
60
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (Immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
61
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
62
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
63
Monoclonal antibody spike
1, Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA); 2, Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging); 3, Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4, Primary amyloidosis
64
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
65
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
66
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
67
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
68
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
69
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus saprophyticus
70
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
71
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's scarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
72
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
73
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
74
Pdocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
75
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
76
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
77
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
78
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
79
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
80
Rema; e[otje;oa; casts om irome
Acite tpxoc/viral nephrosis
81
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
82
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
83
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
84
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, asoociated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
85
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
86
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
87
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
88
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
89
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
90
"Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
91
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
92
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
93
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
94
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
95
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
96
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
97
"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
98
Yellow CSF
Xanthchromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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