deck_19084160 Flashcards
(34 cards)
impacts of westward movement
- Implementation of land policies
- Development of transportations
- development of new industries
- wars and conflicts with american indians
impacts of westward movement: Implementation of land policies
Different land policies implemented to attract farmers and immigrants
(e.g. Homestead Act, 1862)
Allowed the government to sell lands in the West at a low price to satisfy the farmers
People could be granted the permanent ownership of land if they farmed
for multiple years
impacts of westward movement: Development of transportations
Land routes: First federal highway – the Cumberland Road (1818)
Water routes: First Canal connecting the East Coast and the West – the
Erie Canal (1825)
Railways: First railroad linking Iowa and California – The US
Transcontinental Railroad (1869)
impacts of westward movement: Development of New industries
California Gold Rush in the 1850s: gold mines were discovered in California, 300000 people came —> development
Silver, copper and coal mines were discovered in the West, promoting industrialization
The West became the centre of US textile and steel industries; provided raw materials for car manufacturing in the East in the late 19th century
The development of industries attracted many immigrants from European countries, providing cheap labor force.
impacts of westward movement: impacts of westward movement: wars and conflicts with american indians
The exile of American Indians: The signing of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 took away the American Indians land ownership and forced them migrate. Large scale persecution of American Indians were carried out since then
background of the monroe doctrine
- isolation tradition of the US
- intervention of European powers in America
background of the monroe doctrine – Isolation tradition of the US
. The US was separated from the European Old World by the Atlantic Ocean.
. The strength of the US at the beginning was not too powerful compared with that of European powers.
· The US had to adopt isolationism and refused alliance with other countries to avoid getting into the European conflicts.
background of the monroe doctrine – Intervention of European powers in America
- In the early 19th century, many countries gained independence in Latin America
· The congress of Viena aimed to restore the order in Europe before the French Revolution and restore the overthrown feudal dynasties, also to divide the small states and French overseas colonies.
. The attempted intervention by the European powers threatened the safety of the US.
. To protect the US and Latin America from being aggressed by European powers, US President James Monroe promoted the Monroe Doctrine.
Main principles of the Monroe Doctrine
· No country might establish new colonies in the Americas
· Intervention of any kind by European powers to Latin America would be considered a direct threat to the US, and would be revenged
· The US adopted iblationist, the US would not intervene in European rules over their colonies, and would not participate in European affairs
Impacts and Significance of the monroe doctrine
- Promoting territorial expansion
- Including Latin American in the sphere of influence
- Consolidation of Isolationism
Impacts and Significance of the monroe doctrine – Promoting territorial expansion
. US President James Polk announced that the US must speed up its westward territorial expansion to block European interventions in North America.
. In 1847, the US army captured the Mexican capital, forcing the signing of a peace treaty that ceded a large amount of territory.
Impacts and Significance of the monroe doctrine – Including Latin American in the sphere of influence
. it successfully blocked European interventions in Americas, keeping the countries in Latin America independent
. By the late 19th century, it became an excuse for the US to Intervene & Latin America
Impacts and Significance of the monroe doctrine – Consolidation of Isolationism
in the late 19th century, the US kept staying away from European affairs, making sure that its internal economy could develop stably.
What was the American Civil War?
a war between the united states (Union) and 11 southern states (confederacy)
When was the American Civil War?
1861-65
Where was the American Civil War?
Mostly in the Southern states
Causes of the Civil War
- Power struggles between the federalists and the anti-federalists
- differences between the northern and southern states
federalists
area, leaders, political view
North states (free state) (union)
Leaders: John Adams
Political views: federal gov > state gov
–> supported national sovereignty
anti-federalists
area, leaders, political view
South states (slave state) (confederacy)
Leaders: Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Political views: states gov > federal gov
–> supported state sovereignty
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1789)
. The federalist government passed a series of bills stating that foreign immigrants were required to stay for a longer period in order to become US citizens
. The anti-federalists raised resolutions in Kentucky and Virginia and claimed the bills passed by the Congress ineffective
historical conflicts between the federalists & anti federalists
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1789)
- Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Bleeding Kansas (1854)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
. There were originally eleven slave states and free states and Missouri was ready to become a new state
· To maintain the balance the power, Missouri joined the US as a slave state but Maine would split from Massachusetts as a free state
Bleeding Kansas (1854)
. The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed people to decide the place to be a free or slave state by voting.
· A lot of Southerners and Northerners migrated to Kansas, attempting to expand their spheres of influence, both sides used violent ways to compete
Impact of historical conflicts between the federalists & anti federalists
the power struggle between the two parties intensified the power disputes
