deck_4765807

Question 1

IL-7

Answer 1

B cell growth factor produced by bone marrow stream cells during development. No IL-7= normal no. of B cells, but they are non-functional

Question 2

C5a

Answer 2

Chemotactic factor for neutrophils and promotes activation of AA pathway in inflammation

Question 3

How can C5a be produced?

Answer 3

via C5 convertase and Thrombin (think Hageman pathway)

Question 4

CR2

Answer 4

Co-receptor on B cells that can bind C3b and when engaged amplifies the 1st activation signal to B cells (remember that the transduction of the first activation signal requires engagement of multiple BCRs so having CR2 engaged lessens the amount needed)

Question 5

IL-8

Answer 5

Chemotactic factor for neutrophils from classical macrophages

Question 6

IL-1

Answer 6

1) Activates fibroblasts in chronic inflammation and tissue repair2) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria 3) Upregulates IL-6 production in the liver4) Systemically causes fever by activating the AA pathway (specifically PGE2)Extra: Increases insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (with TNF-a) in chronic inflammation

Question 7

IL-12

Answer 7

1) made by macrophages and locally activates NK cells to fight viral infection2) produced by APCs to promote differentiation of THO to TH1 (along with IFN-y)

Question 8

CXCL8

Answer 8

made by macrophages and similar to IL-8 in acting as a neutrophil and basophil attractant

Question 9

TNF-a

Answer 9

Made by TH1, TH2, CTLS, and macrophages 1) Locally activates vascular endothelium to up regulate E and L selection and ICAM expression, activates lymphocytes, induces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium to prevent dissemination of bacteria 2) Systemically induced fever (similar to IL-1)3) when made by TH1, TH2, or CTLs induce macrophages to make NO

Question 10

IL-6

Answer 10

Systemically induces fever by acting on hypothalamus and activates acute phase PRRS from liver (CRP, MBP, Fibrinogen, SAA protein)

Question 11

MIC

Answer 11

upregulated in virally-stressed cells and induce degranulation of NK cells remember expression of MHC I prevents this

Question 12

IFN-a/B

Answer 12

Induces up regulation of MHC I on non-virally infected cells to prevent Nk activation and helps NK cells to act when appropriate

Question 13

CD10/CD19/CD20

Answer 13

lymphoid progenitor cell surface marker that can be used to diagnosis C-ALL and B-ALL

Question 14

CD-1

Answer 14

thymocyte surface marker used to diagnosis T-ALL

Question 15

CD34

Answer 15

hematopoietic stem cell surface marker

Question 16

DC-CK

Answer 16

secreted by dendritic cells as a chemotactic factor that increases the rate of MHC:peptide complex sampling from mature DCs in 2ndary lymph nodes

Question 17

IL-2

Answer 17

secreted by activated naive T cells and CTLs in order to promote clonal expansion of the cell and by TH1s to help activate macrophages to help activate CTLs

Question 18

CD25

Answer 18

high affinity IL-2 receptor expressed by T cells once they are activated by B cells to promote clonal expansion

Question 19

IFN-y

Answer 19

produced by TH1 and CTL (think intracellular), NK cells, and yD T cells (?)1) classically activates macrophages to up regulate B7 expression to activate CD8 T cells 2) promotes TH1 differentiation with IL-12 (IFN-y is the direct inducer)3) promotes class switching to strongly opsonizing antibodies, IgG1 and IgG34) involved in interferon response to viruses by inducing health cells to up regulate MHC class I molecules

Question 20

IL-4

Answer 20

1) promotes TH2 differentiation (made by NK cells)2) Activates mast cells and eosinophils3) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-5 and IL-13) for tissue repair4) promotes B cell activation and class switching to weakly opsonizing antibodies, IgG2, IgE, and IgG4

Question 21

IL-5

Answer 21

made by TH2 cells1) promote TH2 differentiation2) promotes class switching to IgA3) promotes eosinophil growth4) alternatively activates macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-13) for tissue repair

Question 22

IL-6

Answer 22

can promote TH2 or TH17 (along with IL-21, IL-23, and TGF-B) differentiation

Question 23

IL-10

Answer 23

made by Tregs, TH2- think anti-inflammatory, and alternative macrophages 1) promote TH2 differentiation2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides 3) promotes MHC II expression on B cells4) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages

Question 24

TGF-B

Answer 24

produced by Tregs and alternative macrophages1) inhibits B cell growth and IgA class switching2) produced by Tregs to down regulate T cell sampling and activation of self-derived peptides 3) inhibits inflammatory cytokine release from classical macrophages 4) promotes Ig2 and Ig4 class switching

Question 25

IL-17

Answer 25

pro-inflammatory, TH-171) stimulates epithelial cells to produce neutrophil chemotractants 2) stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells to secrete chemokines

Question 26

IL-22

Answer 26

pro-inflammatory, TH-171) stimulates antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells

Question 27

IL-21 and IL-23

Answer 27

produced by classical macrophages promote TH17 differentiation (with IL-6 and TGF-B)

Question 28

CD62L

Answer 28

aka L-selectinsurface molecules on naive T cells and CD4 effector T cells that allow them toe enter HEVS in 2ndary lymph tissue

Question 29

VLA-4

Answer 29

surface molecule on effector T cells that allow them to move through activated vasculature via binding to VCAM-1

Question 30

Fas ligand

Answer 30

produced by CTLs and initiate capsize cascade

Question 31

LT (lymphotoxin)/TNF-B

Answer 31

produced by TH1 and CTLs1) induce macrophages to produce NO2) inhibit B and T cell growth 3) activates neutrophils

Question 32

IL-3

Answer 32

produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLsgrowth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow

Question 33

GMCSF

Answer 33

produced by TH1, TH2 and CTLsgrowth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in bone marrow

Question 34

CD19/CD81

Answer 34

surface markers on B cells that amplify intensity of 1st activation to B cells

Question 35

IL-13

Answer 35

1) alternatively activate macrophages (with IL-4 and IL-5)2) during allergic inflammation in asthma causes increased production of IgE from B cells, increased expression of FcRII (for IgE) on cells, increases mucus production and fibrosis, and increases corticosteroid resistance by activating p39 mitrogen-actvated protein kinase