deck_6241985 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
subfield of psych that looks at simliarties and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
A
cross- cultural psychology
2
Q
reticular formation
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central core
passes thru midbrain into forebrain. changes in the level of arousal of the body
3
Q
brain scanning method that aims magnetic field at brain while subject performs a task
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FMRI
4
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subfield of psych that focuses on assesing large scale programs to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals
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program evaluation
5
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part of neuron that receives messages from other neuron
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dendrites
6
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glial cells
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hold neurons in place, provide nourishemnt , support them
7
Q
type of research where existing data are examined to test a hypothesis
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archival research
8
Q
subfield of psych that focuses on consistency in ppl’s behavior over time and traits that differentiate one person from another
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personality psychology
9
Q
neurotransmitter - sleeping, mood, eating, depression
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serotonin
10
Q
chemical info that prevents or decreases likelihood that receiving neuron will fire
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inhibitory messages
11
Q
structuralism
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uncovering fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, mental activities
12
Q
psych perspective that believes behavior is motivated by inner unconscious forces over which person has little control
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psychodynamic perspective
13
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informed consent
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TARP Dparticipants sign document affirming that they have been told basic outlines of studyaware participation will involve, risks of experiment, participation purely voluntarydebriefing after experiment
14
Q
the group that receives treatment in experiement
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experimental group
15
Q
central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
16
Q
thalamus
A
central core
in forebrain, relays info about the senses
17
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when investigator observes naturally occurring behavior and doesnt make a change in situation- inability to control any factors of interest - ppl might know they’re being watched
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naturalistic observation
18
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peripheral nervous system contains
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- everything except brain and sprinal cord
- somatic division and autonomic division
19
Q
subfield of psych that is devoted to consoundling children in school
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school psychology
20
Q
neurotransmitter - pain reduction, appetites
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endorphins
21
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sensory (affarent neounrs)
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transmit info from body to CNS/brain
22
Q
psych perspective that focuses on observable behavior
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behavioral perspective
23
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psych perspective that says ppl can control their behavior and they anturally try to reach their full potential
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humanistic perspective
24
Q
end of axon that sends messages to other neurons
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terminal buttons
25
emphasizes how perception is organized, how people consider individual elements together as units or wholes- our perception of objects is more meaningful than individual elements that make up our perceptions
gestalt psychology
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neurotransmitter - eating, aggression, sleeping
GABA
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motor (efferent neurons)
sends info from brain to muscles/galnds
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synapse
space between 2 neurons where axon of sending neuron communicates with dendrites of receiving neuron
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wilhelm wundt
- first psych lab in 1879 in germany-structuralism and introspection
30
neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out same behavior
mirror neurons
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confederate in experiment
someone unknown to other participants that they work for experimenter
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an electric nerve impulse taht travels trough neuron's axon when set off by trigger changing charge from negative to positive
action potential
33
pituitary gland
part of endocrine system. regulated by hypothalamus, controls funtioning fo rest of ES. secretes hormones taht control growth
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introspection
- used by structuralists - present ppl w stimulus ask them to describe with as much detail what they were experiencing
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subfield of psych that studies the priocesses of sensing, perceiving, learning, thinking about world
experimental psychology
36
right side of brain
nonverbal areas, spatial relationships, patterns, music, emotions
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subfield of psych that considers relationship between ppl and their phsyical environment
environmental psychology
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dependent vari
variable measured in study. expected to change as a result of manipulation of independent vari
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subfield of psych that examines the biological basis of behavior
behavioral neuronscience
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psych perspective that examines how ppl understand and think about the world
cognitive perspective
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term that describes participants assigned to different experimental groups on base of chance alone- each group will have same proportion of males, females, smart, extroverted ppl
random assignment to condition
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chemical messages that make it more likely that a reciving neuron will fire and AP will travel down axon
excitatory messages
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subfield of psych that concerned w the psychology of the work place
industrial / organizational psychology
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positive correlation
as value of 1 vari increases, other vari value will also increase
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subfield of psych that focuses on issues such as discrimniation against women and causes of violence
psychology of women
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subfield of psych that examines how ppl grow and change throughout life
developmental psychology
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brain scanning method that makes a virtual lesion to observe effect on brain functioning. shuts down parts of brain temporarily
TMS
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subfield of psych that focuses on legal issues
forensic psychology
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sympathetic and parasympatehtic
part of autonomic division. PNS. sympa - prepare body in stressful situation
parasym - calm body down
50
part of neuron that carries messages receved by dendrites to other neurons. opposite side of dendrites
axon
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protective coating of fat and protein that insulates neurons
myelin sheath
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somatic division
part of PNS. voluntary movements
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subfield of psych that studies how peoples thoughts, feelings, actions affected by others
social psych
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the subfield of psychology that studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior
behavioral genetics
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subfield of psych that focuses on study of higher mental processes
cognitive psychology
56
subfield of psych that explores relationship between psyhologcial factors and ailments or disease
health psychology
57
brain scanning method that records electrical activity in the brain
EEG
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neurotransmitter - movement control, pleasure and reward
dopamine
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brain scanning method that shows biochemical activity in the brain
PET
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william james
functionalist- american
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system that sends messages throughout body thru bloodstream, secretes hormones
endocrine system
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neurotransmitter - memory. excitatory
glutamate
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pons
transmitter of motor info, coordinating muscles, regulating sleep
central core
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functionalism
- what mind does a- what role behavior palys in allowing ppl to adapt to enviornments- how ppl satisfy needs thry behavior- how SOC permits adapt to environment
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neurotransmitter - muscle movement, cognitive functioning
acetylocholine
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double blind
person who administers drug shouldn't know whether it is real or placebo to overcome possibility of experimenter expections
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in depth intensive investigation of single individual or group
case study
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4 lobes of the brain
temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal
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term that describes that findings are statistically meaningful, confirmed hypotheses
significant outcome
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part of brain taht contrains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
hindbrain
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subfield of psych that focuses on educational, social, and career adjusment problems
counseling psychology
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subfield of psych that focuses on relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders
clinical neuropsychology
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neurotransmitters
chemicals that carry messages across synapse to a dendrite of receiving neuron
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autonomic division
part of PNS. involuntary. has sympathetic and parasympathetic
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system that contains amygdala and hippocampus. borders top of central core
limbic system
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subfield of psych that concered w teaching and learning processes like relationship between motivation and school performance
educational psychology
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hypothalamus
central core
| maintains steady internal environment for body. regulates behavior that is critical to survival of species (eating, sex)
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sample of ppl chosen to represent larger group of interest asked series of questions about behvior, thoughts, attitudes- is pop actually representative?
survey research
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negative correlation
as value of 1 vari increases, value of other decreases
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correlational research
2 sets of vari examined to determine whether they are associated or correlated
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subfield of psych that deals with study, diagnosis, treatment of psycological disorders
clinical psychology
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medulla
controls breathing and heartbeat
| central core
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amgydala
involved in fear and aggresion
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subfield of psych that considers how behavior is influenced by genetic inheritance
envolutionary psychology
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cerebral cortex
contains 4 lobes. responsible for most sophisticated processes in brain.
has sensory area and motor area and association areas.
contains SAM
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association areas
make up large portion of cerebral cortex. site of higher mental processes (thinking, language)
87
group that recieves no treatment in expierment
control group
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cerebellum
controls balance
| central core
89
psych perspective that views behavior from perspective of biological functioning
neuroscience perspective
90
"old brain" controls basic functions such as eating and sleeping.
RTPMCH
central core
91
left side of the brain
verbal competnce, speaking, reading, thinking
92
subfield of psych that applies psych to athletic activity and exercise
sport psychology
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independennt vari
condition being manipulated by experimenter
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all or none law
neurons are either on or off. when there is enough force to be on, neuron fires
95
he study of the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
psychophysics
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absolute threshold
smallest intensity of a stim that must be present for it to be detected
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difference threshold
smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense a change in stim
98
law that says that a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus
weber's law
99
range of wavelengths human eye can detect
visual spectrum
100
cornea
where light first hits. bends of refracts light as it passes thru
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pupil
dark hole in center of iris (colored part). size depends on amount of light in envionment
102
retina
part of eye that converts electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses. image reaches upside down. contains rods and cones
103
thin receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light. vision in dimly lit situations, insensitive to color and details. key role in peripheral vsiion, night vision
rods
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cone shaped, light sensitive receptor cells t hat are responsible for hsarp focus and color perception. focused in fovea. brightly lit situations
cones
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cells that receive info from rods and cones and communicate info to ganglion cells
bipolar cells
106
what do ganglion cells do
collect adn summarize visual info which is moved to back of eyeball and sent to brain thru optic nerve
107
trichromatic theory of color vision
suggests that there are 3 kinds of cones in retina, each responds to primarily specific range of wavelengths
108
opponent - process theory of color vision
theory that receptor cells for color are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other
109
optic chiasm
point where optic nerve splits
110
middle ear
contains hammer, anvil, stirrup. acts as tiny mechanical amplifier . increase vibration strength
111
inner ear
chanegs sound vibrations into a form they can be transmitted to brain
112
basilar membrane
inside cochlea. divides cochlea into upper and lower chamber. has hair cells
113
hair cells
inside BM. bent by vibrations, send neural message to brain
114
number of wave cycles that occur in a second
frequency
115
characterstic that makes sound seem high or low
pitch
116
place theory of hearing
different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies
117
frequency theory of hearing
entire basilar membrane acts like a micraphone. vibrating as whole
118
vestibular system
responds to pull of gravity and allows us to maintain balance
119
otoliths
crystals in semicircular canals in vestibular system that sense pull, backward, gravity
120
skin senses
touch,pressure,tenperature, pain
121
particular nerve receptors in the spinal cord lead to specific areas of brain related to pain
gate control theory
122
top down processing
perception guided by higher level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations
123
bottom up processing
progression of recognizing and processing info from individual components of stimuli and moving to the perception of the whole
