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psych 100 > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

comparing people of different ages at the same time

A

cross - sectional research

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2
Q

cohort

A

group of people who grow up at simliar times, in similar places, and in similar conditions

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3
Q

research method that investiagtes behavior as participants get older

A

longitudinal research

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4
Q

difference between longitudinal and cross sectional studies

A

longitudinal - assess change in behavior over time

cross sectional - differences among groups of people

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5
Q

rod shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary info

A

chromosomes

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6
Q

zygote

A

new cell formed by union of an egg and sperm

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7
Q

embryo

A

developed zygote that has a heart, brain, other organs

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8
Q

fetus

A
  • developing individual from 8 weeks after conception until birth
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9
Q

sensitive periods

A

time when organisms are particularly suceptibel to certain kinds of stimuli

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10
Q

PKU

A
  • child born with this cannot produce enzyme that is required for normal development. cause profound intellectual disability
  • treatable if caught early
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11
Q

sickle cell anmeia

A
  • pain, yellowish eyes, stunted growth, vision problems
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12
Q

down syndrome

A

zygote receives an extra chromosome at moment of conception

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13
Q

enviornmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus taht produce a birth defect
ex: mother’s nutrition, mother’s illness, mother alc or nicotine use

A

teratogens

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14
Q

rooting refelx

A

newborns turn heads toward things that touch cheeks

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15
Q

the decrease in the response to a stim that occurs after repeated presentations of same stim

A

habituation

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16
Q

securely attached children

A
  • mother as home base. explore independtely but return to mom occasionally. mom leaves = distress
  • tend to be more socially and emotionally competent
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17
Q

avoidant children

A
  • dont cry when mom leaves, avoid mom when she returns. indifferent to her
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18
Q

ambivalent children

A

anxeity b4 seperated, upset right when mom leaves. show ambivalent reactions when mom return close contact, but still kick / hit her

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19
Q

disorganized - disoriented children

A

children show inconsistent and contradictory behavior

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20
Q

rigid and punitive, strict standards, discourage expressions of disagreement.
- children tend to be unsociable, unfriendly, withrawn

A

authoritarian

21
Q

give children relaxed or inconsistent direciton, warm and require little of childre
- children tend to show immaturity, low self - control, moody

A

permissive

22
Q

firm, set limits for children. older = reason and explain things to them, set clear goals, encourage independence
- high social skills, self -reliant, independent

A

authoritative

23
Q

show little interest in children, parenting as nothing but providing needs

A

uninvolved

24
Q

trust vs. mistrust stage

A
  • first stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • birth to 1.5
  • infants develop feelings of trust or lack of trust
25
Q

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A
  • second stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • 1.5 - 3
  • self suffiency if exploration is encouraged. self doubt and no independence if held back
26
Q

initiative vs. guilt stage

A
  • third stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • 3 - 6
  • discovery of ways to initiate actions, guilt from thoughts and actions
27
Q

industry vs. inferiroirty stage

A
  • fourth stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • ages 6-12
  • developing sense of competence or sense of no mastery and inferiority
28
Q

piaget 4 stages of cognitive development

A

sensoritmotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

SPCF

29
Q

sensorimotor stage

A
  • cognitive development
  • birth to 2 years
  • development of object permanence and motor skills
  • little / no capacity for symbolic representation
30
Q

preoperational stage

A
  • cognitive development
  • 2 to 7 years
  • develop langauge
  • egocentric thorugh (world solely from his/her perspective)
  • no principle of conservation
31
Q

concrete operational stage

A
  • cognitive development
  • 7 to 12 years
  • mastery of conservation
  • logical thought and loss of egocentrism
32
Q

formal operational stage

A
  • cognitive development
  • 12 years to adulthood
  • abstract thought
33
Q

vygotsky theory

A

culture in which we are raised affects cognitive development

34
Q

identity vs. role confusion

A
  • fifth stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • adolescence
  • major testing to determine one’s unique qualities
35
Q

intimacy vs. isolation

A
  • sixth stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • early adulthood
  • development of loving, sexual relationships, close friendships. fear of relationships with others
36
Q

generativity vs. stagnation

A
  • seventh stage of erikson theory of psychological development
  • middle adulthood
  • sense of contribution to continuity of live, trivialzation of one’s activities
37
Q

ego integrity vs despair

A
  • eigth of erikson theory of psychological development
  • late adulthood
  • sense of unity in life’s accomplishments, regret over lost opportunities
38
Q

The process in which children’s genetic predisposition leads them to seek certain environments which, in turn, further alter their development.

A

niche - picking

39
Q

information processing approach to development

A

quantitative changes occur in children’s ability to organize and manipulate information.

40
Q

zone of proximal development

A

vygotsky

- gap between what children already able to accomplish and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves

41
Q

scaffolding

A

presenting info that is both new and within the child’s ZPD

42
Q

kohlberg 3 levels of morality

A

1) preconventional morality (avoidance of punishment, desire for rewards)
2) conventional morality (behave in ways that will win acceptance from others)
3) postconvential morality (understand broad principles of morality)

43
Q

genetic preprogramming theories of aging

A

human cells have abuilt in time limit to their repreduction adn they are no longer bale to divide after a certain time

44
Q

wear and tear theories of aging

A

mechanical function of body simply stop working efficiently

45
Q

disengagement theory of aging

A

successfull aging is a gradual withdrawal from the world on a physical, psychological, social levels

46
Q

epigenesis

A

factors from the environment that effect how genes are expressed

47
Q

tay sachs disease

A

usually die by age 3 or 4 because of the body’s inability to break down fat

48
Q

sequential research

A

Examine a number of different age groups at several points in time

psych 100 (15 decks)

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