Decoding in reading

Question 1

Lower level processes?

Answer 1

Include decoding and accessing lexical entries. They are highly automatic in a skilled reader, meaning they make few demands on working memory.

Question 2

Higher level processes?

Answer 2

Include applying background knowledge to the text, inferring meaning which is not explicitly sated in the text, interpretation the writers intentions and contracting global meaning of the text. They are under the conscious control of the reader meaning that they make considerable demands on working memory.

Question 3

What are the three reading processing options?

Answer 3

1-A sub-lexical route
2-Analogy
3-Neighbourhood effects

Question 4

A sub-lexical route?

Answer 4

The English spelling system is relatively opaque, this might suggest that a reader uses a whole word as a visual symbol and does not bother about the letter-sound relationships within it.

Question 5

Which route is the fastest?

Answer 5

The lexical route is usually faster because it is more automatic, but we need the sub-lexical route when we have to match unfamiliar words with their spoken forms.

Question 6

Analogy?

Answer 6

That readers and writers do not simply make the use of GPC rules but also rely upon analogy between new words and those we already know. (Lead, Bead, Mead)

Question 7

Neighbourhood effects?

Answer 7

Reading words with knowledge of how neighbouring words sounds, read, bead, lead etc. However, this can cause issues as some words such as read and read can have two phonological interpretations.

Question 8

Children learning to read can go between three options?

Answer 8

The whole word- The lexical route.
Phonics- Approach based on mastering GPC rules.
Analogy- Teaching new words on reference to known ones.