deep and superficial back

Question 1

layers of back muscles

Answer 1

1) splenius
2) erector spinae
3) transversalis

Question 2

serratus posterior superior

1) function
2) innervation
3) blood

Answer 2

1) elevate ribs
2) T2-T5 ventral rami
3) posterior intercostals

Question 3

serratus posterior inferior

Answer 3

1) depress ribs
2) T9-T11 and subcostal nerve ventral rami
3) posterior intercostals

Question 4

Blood supply of splenius capitis and cervicis

Answer 4

transverse cervical artery, occipital artery, muscular branches from aorta

Question 5

innervation of splenius capitis and cervicis

Answer 5

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 6

action splenius capitis and cervicis

Answer 6

bilaterally extend head and neck

unilaterally laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle

Question 7

iliocostalis

Answer 7

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

commond tendon attaches to iliac crest and posterior sacrum

Question 8

iliocostalis blood supply

Answer 8

poseterior intercostals and lumbar arteries

Question 9

longissiumus

Answer 9

capitis, cervicis, thoracis, same origin as iliocostalis

Question 10

longissiumus blood supply exception

Answer 10

capitis is occipital artery

Question 11

spinalis

Answer 11

capitis, cervicis, thoracis (only easy ones to see)

Question 12

semispinalis parts and blood supply

Answer 12

capitis: deep cervical artery
cervicis: deep cervical artery
thoracis: posterior intercostal arteries

action: extend head, thorax, cervical regions and rotate them contralaterallyu

Question 13

multifidis

Answer 13

TP vertebra to spinous process of vertabra 2 above
thickest in lumbar region
posterior lumbar arterires
stabilze vertabra

Question 14

rotatores

Answer 14

brevis TP 1 vert to SP of below vert
longus is TP 1 vert to SP of 2 below vert
easiest in thoracic region
blood = posterior intercostal arteries
extension head thorax cervical region, rotate them contralaterally

Question 15

segmental muscles

Answer 15

1) interspinalis: dorsal rami spinal nerves
2) intertransversari: ventral and dorsal rami
3) levator costarum: dorsal rami C8-T11

Question 16

craniovertebral joints posterior longitudinal ligament is the?

Answer 16

tectorial membrane

Question 17

cruciate ligaments of craniovertebral joints

Answer 17

superior and inferior longitudinal bands and transverse ligament of the atlas

Question 18

alar ligament

Answer 18

dens to lateral portion of foramen magnum

Question 19

greater occipital nerve

Answer 19

sensory fibers only

Question 20

occipital nerualgia

Answer 20

irritation of greater occipital nerve C2 dorsal rami and lesser occipital nerves (ventral rami C2)
-symptoms include neck pain that spreads and raidiates up aroundund sides of head

Question 21

which vertebrae are most susceptible to disloation

Answer 21

cervical and can cause damage to spinal cord

Question 22

burst fracture

Answer 22

occipital condyles crush lateral mass onto axis and posterior and or anterior arches break
from sudden focefull compression of C1

Question 23

fracture of vertebral arch

Answer 23

hangman’s fracture
fractures axis vertebral arch (pars interarticularis)
from hyperextension

Question 24

fracture of dens

Answer 24

from horizontal blow to the head

Question 25

whiplash injuries

Answer 25

usually only involve damage to soft tissue such as anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 26

vertebral artery impingement

Answer 26

sudden or foreceful hyperextension or twisting of cervical vertebral column (atlantoaxial joint) dizziness/vertigo confusion nystagmus