deep back

Question 1

cervicothoracic junction

Answer 1

c7

Question 2

scapular spine

Answer 2

t3

Question 3

inferior scapular angle

Answer 3

t7

Question 4

iliac crest

Answer 4

l4

Question 5

splenis capitis and cervicis innervation

Answer 5

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 6

splenis muscles actions

Answer 6

1. extension of neck by drawing head back
2. ipsilateral rotation
3. ipsilateral side bending

Question 7

semispinalis location

Answer 7

deep to trapezius and rhomboids, superficial to erector spinae

Question 8

erector spinae muscles

Answer 8

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Question 9

erector spinae innervation

Answer 9

dorsal rami

Question 10

erector spinae actions

Answer 10

1. trunk extension
2. trunk lateral flexion

Question 11

semispinalis actions

Answer 11

1. trunk extension
2. trunk rotation
3. stabilization

Question 12

suboccipital muscles innervation

Answer 12

dorsal ramus of c1

Question 13

suboccipital muscle actions

Answer 13

1. extension of the head
2. ipsilateral rotation of the head
3. ipsilateral side bending

Question 14

greater occipital nerve

Answer 14

C2, pierces through semispinalis capitis and trapezius to innervate scalp

Question 15

anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 15

resists trunk extension

Question 16

posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 16

resists trunk flexion

Question 17

interspinous ligament

Answer 17

resists trunk flexion

Question 18

ligamentum nuchae

Answer 18

resists trunk flexion

Question 19

ligamentum flava

Answer 19

resists trunk flexion

Question 20

first intervertebral disc

Answer 20

c2/ c3

Question 21

last intervertebral ligament

Answer 21

l5/ s1

Question 22

degenerated disc

Answer 22

breakdown of the fibrocartilage and shrinkage of nucleus pulposus

Question 23

bulging disc

Answer 23

out pocketing of the annulus fibrosis

Question 24

herniated disc

Answer 24

crack in the annulus fibrosis allows the nucleus pulposus to protrude out of the disc, can cause nerve impingement

Question 25

osteophytes

Answer 25

bone spurs