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Anatomy Week 1 > Deep Back and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Deep Back and Vertebral Column Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What layer invests the erector spinae?

A

The posterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar Fascia

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2
Q

3 parts of erector Spinae

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Ileocostalis

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3
Q

Describe the origins and insertions of erector spinae muscles

A

has several origins because of arches formed spanning only 3-4 vertebrae

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4
Q

Describe location of ileocostalis

A

most lateral of erector spinae

associated with ribs

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5
Q

Describe the location of longissimus

A

middle erector spinae muscle

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6
Q

Describe the location of Spinalis

A

Erector spinae muscle in closest association with the spine

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7
Q

How many dorsal rami are there?

A

31 (8 cervical, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal)

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8
Q

What are the two primary curvatures of the back (concave anterior)

A

Thoracic and sacral

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9
Q

What are the first two curvatures to develop?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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10
Q

What are the second two curvatures to develop?

A

Cervical and Lumbar curvatures

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11
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the primary curvature in the thoracic region

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12
Q

common name for kyphosis

A

dowager’s hump

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13
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

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14
Q

Lordosis

A

increase in secondary curvature in lumbar spine

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15
Q

Dorsal Rami

A

Sensory and Motor

Interact with deep back muscles and skin within 3in of vertebra column

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16
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae

A

spinous process points directly posterior and is bifid

Also have a hole separating the little rib and transverse process

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17
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

A

sharply descending spinous process

Costal articular Facets on body and transverse processes

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18
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

A

large vertebral bodies

have rectangular spinous processes that extent directly posterior

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19
Q

Zygopophysial Joints

A

Synovial Joints that Exist at R and L superior and inferior articular facets from C2 to L5

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20
Q

Purpose of Transverse Foramena

A

Exist in cervical vertebrae to supply blood to the brain

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21
Q

What prevents rotation around vertical axis in lumbar region

A

The vertical angle of the superior and inferior transverse processes

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22
Q

Location of Supraspinous ligament

A

On top of spinous processes

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23
Q

Location of intraspinous ligament

A

between spinous processes

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24
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

supraspinous/intraspinous ligament that exists in the cervical region

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25
Posterior Longitudinal ligament
within the vertebral canal and has cruciform shape extending horizontally onto interventricular discs
26
Anterior longitudinal ligament
runs up and down anterior side of spine
27
Which ligament between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments resists hyperflexion?
Posterior ligament
28
Interal Vertebral Venous Plexus
no predetermined direction of blood flow | May work with brown fat to regulate spinal temperature
29
Why can blood travel along spine toward head when standing on head?
Internal vertebral venous plexus has no valves
30
What creates the "pop" sound when performing an intrathecal injection?
The pop comes from the ligamentum flava between each lamina
31
Two structures created from extensions of pia mater.
Dentriculate ligaments (attach S.C. to dura and hold in place) and the filum terminale (attaches to sacrum and holds S.C. in place).
32
Two enlargements in spinal cord?
cervical enlargement and lumbosacral enlargment
33
Endpoint of spinal cord
conus medularis at L2
34
Where does Dura terminate
S2
35
Where does arachnoid/ fluid filled space stop?
S2
36
Cauda Equina
Nerves extending down from S.C.
37
Nucleus Pulposus
gel area on inside of intervertebral discs
38
Anulus Fibrosus
Fibrous area surrounding nucleus pulposus on intervertebral discs
39
Why does a disc herniation at T12 not cause symptoms in spinal nerve T12?
Superior vertebral notch is larger in intervertebral foramen, so spinal nerve T12 exits above disc 12.
40
A patient experiences lack of sensation in the L1 dermatome. Where might spinal herniation exist?
Herniation in T12 disc.
41
What ligament acts to reinforces the inferior part of the annulus fibrosis?
The cruciform parts of the posterior longitudinal ligament
42
Disc C7 is located between what two vertebrae?
C7 and T1
43
Nerve numbering
C1-C8 the nerve is named for the vertebrae below. The rest are carry the same number as the vertebrae above.
44
GSA
General Sensations in skeletal muscle, fascia, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, periosteum, skin (except glands, follicles, and vessels)
45
General Sensations (skeletal)
pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception
46
GSE
Motor innervation of skeletal muscles of trunk, neck, and limbs
47
GVA
General sensations from smooth and cardiac muscle, mucous and serous membranes
48
General Sensations (visceral)
mostly pain and pressure
49
GVE
Motor innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle
50
Where do sensory fibers emerge?
Dorsal root
51
Motor fibers emerge from?
Ventral root
52
If a patient experiences no sensation in the shoulder and middle forearm what nerve is affected and disc may herniated?
C4 disc may be herniated because this describes the C5 dermatome
53
What spinal nerve innervates the nipple region?
T4
54
What innervates the naval region?
T10
55
Do dorsal rami form nerve plexuses?
NOOOOOO
56
The posterior/dorsal rami innervate...
Sensory - from skin on scalp down dorsum of back and neck Somatic innervation to DEEP back muscles Autonomic Innervation of glands and follicles in back
57
Ventral Rami innervate...
innervate much of the anterior part of the body
58
Where can the cervical enlargement be found?
C5-T1
59
What separates the Dura mater from the spinal canal?
Epidural Space
60
Where is spinal fluid contained?
subarachnoid cpace
61
Dentriculate ligaments
Extentions of the pia that attach to the Dura to hold spinal cord in place
62
How many fibers are typically innervated by a single axon?
Very few. (e.g. parts of trapezius can contract indepedently)
63
Is the cell body for the dorsal root ganglion inside or outside of the CNS?
Outside
64
Is the cell body for the ventral root inside or outside of CNS?
Inside
65
Sensory information enters where in the spinal cord?
Dorsal gray horn
66
Motor commands exit from where in spinal cord?
Anterior gray horn
67
The internal vertebral venous plexus resides where?
in the epidural space/epidural fat

Anatomy Week 1 (7 decks)

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