Defect

Question 1

Length-Deduction Method

Answer 1

Usually reserved for defects that affect more than half the diameter of the tree stem

this method accounts for defect by estimating the length of a log that would be cut off due to defect

The defect percentage is calculated as eh volume lost in the defect section as a proportion of the gross volume of the entire product in the tree

Question 2

Pie - Cut Method

Answer 2

Usually reserved for defects that do not affect the entire diameter of the tree stem but may run for a significant length

Question 3

Crooks and Crotches

Answer 3

A crook is a relatively abrupt bend in a tree bole, a crotch is a spot where the tree bole forks

With crotches it may be important to determine the length of the stem affected by forking. Seams and double piths may render the wood useless for certain products

Not all crocks and crotches are not necessarily defect. If it is not server enough it may be able to be removed with proper cutting and there may be no need to calculate defect

Question 4

Sweep

Answer 4

Sweep is a general curvature in a tree bole

look up local formula

Question 5

Maximum Allowable Defect

Answer 5

Sawtimber bolt must be at least 40% sound
That means calculated defect must be 60% or less