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Defenitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Atlantic Charter?

A

A 1941 agreement between the U.S. and Britain outlining shared goals for postwar peace and economic cooperation.

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2
Q

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A

A 1948 UN declaration affirming universal human rights and freedoms for all people.

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3
Q

What did Henry Luce’s essay ‘The American Century’ urge?

A

It urged the U.S. to lead globally in spreading democracy, capitalism, and American values.

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4
Q

What is the Liberal Consensus?

A

A mid-20th-century U.S. political agreement favoring anti-communism, capitalism, and moderate social reform.

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5
Q

Who was Phan Boi Chau?

A

A Vietnamese nationalist leader who opposed French colonialism and inspired independence movements.

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6
Q

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

A

A Vietnamese revolutionary and leader of North Vietnam’s fight for independence and unification.

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7
Q

Who was Le Duan?

A

A Communist party leader who drove North Vietnam’s military strategy after Ho Chi Minh’s death.

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8
Q

Who was Le Duc Tho?

A

North Vietnamese negotiator at the Paris Peace Accords who shared a (declined) Nobel Peace prize with Henry Kissinger.

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9
Q

Who was Vo Nguyen Giap?

A

North Vietnam’s top general, key strategist in victories over France and the U.S.

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10
Q

What was the August Revolution?

A

A 1945 Viet Minh-led uprising that declared Vietnamese independence from French and Japanese control.

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11
Q

What was the First Indochina War?

A

A war between French colonial forces and the Viet Minh fighting for Vietnamese independence from 1946 to 1956.

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12
Q

Who was Bao Dai?

A

The last emperor of Vietnam, who worked with the French and briefly led South Vietnam.

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13
Q

What was Dien Bien Phu?

A

A decisive Viet Minh victory over the French, ending French colonial rule in Indochina.

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14
Q

What were the Geneva Negotiations of 1954?

A

Peace talks that split Vietnam at the 17th parallel and ended French rule.

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15
Q

What is the 17th Parallel?

A

The temporary boundary separating North and South Vietnam after the Geneva Accords.

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16
Q

What is Cochin China?

A

The southern region of colonial Vietnam under French rule.

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17
Q

Who was Ngo Dinh Diem?

A

The first president of South Vietnam, overthrown and killed in a U.S.-backed coup.

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18
Q

What does ARVN stand for?

A

The South Vietnamese Army, supported by the U.S. during the Vietnam War.

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19
Q

What was the key divide between peasants and the middle class in Vietnam?

A

Rural peasants supported the communists, while urban middle classes backed the south.

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20
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

Global rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.

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21
Q

What is the Truman Doctrine?

A

A U.S. policy promising aid to nations resisting communism starting in 1947.

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22
Q

What is Containment?

A

The U.S. strategy to stop the spread of communism worldwide.

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23
Q

What was the Korean War?

A

A conflict in which the U.S.-led UN was forced to defend South Korea from a North Korean and Chinese invasion.

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24
Q

What is the Domino Theory?

A

The belief that if one nation fell to communism, nearby nations would follow.

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25
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of Western nations formed to counter Soviet power in 1949.
26
Who was George F. Kennan?
A U.S. diplomat who shaped the containment policy toward the Soviet Union.
27
Who was George Marshall?
U.S. Secretary of State who created the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe after WWII.
28
Who was Klaus Fuchs?
A scientist who passed atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.
29
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
A U.S. couple executed for allegedly spying for the Soviet Union on nuclear weapons.
30
Who was Joe McCarthy?
The U.S. senator known for leading anti-communist witch hunts in the 1950s.
31
Who was John F. Kennedy?
U.S. president known for Cold War crises, civil rights action, and escalating U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
32
What was 'The New Frontier'?
Kennedy’s domestic and foreign policy agenda for progress, reform, and global leadership.
33
Who were the Best and the Brightest?
Kennedy’s team of top advisors, especially on Vietnam policy.
34
What is Counter-Insurgency?
Military and political tactics to defeat guerrilla movements like the Viet Cong.
35
Who was Edward Landsdale?
CIA operative and expert in counterinsurgency in Vietnam.
36
What was the Bay of Pigs?
A failed 1961 U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro.
37
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A 1962 confrontation over Soviet missiles in Cuba that nearly sparked nuclear war.
38
What was the Laos Crisis?
Early 1960s conflict where the U.S. intervened to limit communist gains in Laos.
39
What was Project Beef Up?
U.S. program to increase military aid and support to South Vietnam.
40
What were Agrovilles/Strategic Hamlets?
A South Vietnamese resettlement strategy to isolate peasants from communist insurgents.
41
Who was Lyndon Baines Johnson?
U.S. president who escalated the Vietnam War and launched major civil rights reforms.
42
What was 'The Great Society'?
Johnson's domestic program to fight poverty and expand civil rights.
43
Who was Robert McNamara?
U.S. secretary of defense who helped direct the Vietnam War strategy.
44
Who was William Westmoreland?
U.S. general in Vietnam, focused on attrition warfare.
45
Who was George Ball?
A U.S. official opposed to deepening Vietnam's involvement.
46
What were the Gulf of Tonkin Resolutions?
1964 law giving Johnson broad authority to escalate military action in Vietnam.
47
What was Pleiku?
A Viet Cong attack on a U.S. base that led to major U.S. bombing campaigns.
48
What is the Cross-over-point?
The point when North Vietnam could replace its losses faster than the U.S. could inflict them.
49
What is the Attrition strategy?
U.S. military tactics focused on wearing down enemy forces by high casualties.
50
What is the Ho Chi Minh Trail?
A secret supply route from North Vietnam to the South through Laos and Cambodia.
51
What is Gradualism?
A strategy of slowly escalating U.S. military pressure rather than going all in.
52
What was Operation Rolling Thunder?
A long-term U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam.
53
What is the debate over Big Vs. Total War?
The debate over limited versus all-out military engagement in Vietnam.
54
What was the Easter Offensive?
A massive 1972 North Vietnamese assault on South Vietnam.
55
What was the Christmas Bombing?
A heavy U.S. bombing campaign in December 1972 to pressure North Vietnam in peace talks.
56
What is Fragging?
U.S. soldiers killing or attacking their own officers to avoid dangerous missions.
57
What is Vietnam Syndrome?
The term describing the U.S. public's aversion to military intervention after the Vietnam War.
58
What was the January 27, 1973 agreement?
The peace deal ending U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.
59
What happened on August 9, 1974?
President Nixon resigned over the Watergate scandal.
60
What happened on April 23, 1975?
President Ford declared the end of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
61
What is Vietnam Veterans Against the War?
An organization of former soldiers opposing the Vietnam War.
62
Who was Lt. William Calley?
U.S. Officer convicted for the 1968 My Lai massacre of Vietnamese.
63
Who were The Plumbers?
Nixon's covert White House team set up to stop information leaks.
64
Who was John Dean?
Nixon's White House counsel who exposed the Watergate cover-up.
65
Who was John Mitchell?
Nixon's attorney general, key figure in the Watergate scandal.
66
What is 'All the President's Men'?
Book/film about reporters uncovering Watergate.
67
What are the Pentagon Papers?
Secret documents leaked exposing U.S. deception in Vietnam.
68
Who was Daniel Ellsberg?
Leaked the Pentagon Papers to the press.
69
What is the Silent Majority?
Nixon's term for Americans who supported traditional values.
70
What was the Global Social Revolution?
Worldwide youth-driven protest challenging authority in the 1960s and 70s.
71
What is the Demographic bulge?
Population surge, especially baby boomers, reshaping society.
72
Who are the Baby boomers?
A large generation born after WWII, central to 1960s-70s cultural shifts.
73
What is the GI Bill?
U.S. law offering WWII veterans education and housing benefits.
74
What is the Peace Corps?
U.S. volunteer program promoting global development and goodwill.
75
What was the Moratorium?
Massive anti-Vietnam War protests in the U.S. in 1969.
76
Who was Walter Cronkite?
Respected news anchor whose Vietnam reports swayed public opinion.
77
Who was Abbie Hoffman?
Radical activist, cofounder of the Yippies, known for protests.
78
What was Woodstock?
Legendary 1969 music festival symbolizing the counterculture.
79
What is the 26th Amendment?
Lowered U.S. voting age from 21 to 18.
80
Who were The Beatles?
British band, deeply influential in 1960 culture.
81
What is Counter culture?
Youth movement rejecting mainstream values in the 1960s-1970s.
82
Who is Betty Friedan?
Author of 'The Feminine Mystique', igniting the second-wave feminist movement.
83
Who is Gloria Steinem?
Prominent feminist leader and co-founder of Ms. magazine.
84
Who is Phyllis Schlafly?
Conservative activist who opposed the Equal Rights Amendment.
85
What is the Equal Rights Amendment?
The proposed amendment guarantees gender equality but has never been ratified.
86
What was Roe v. Wade?
Landmark Supreme Court case legalizing abortion in 1973.
87
What is the National Organization of Women?
Major feminist organization advocating for women's rights.
88
What was the 'I have a dream' speech?
Famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. calling for racial equality in 1963.
89
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Landmark law banning discrimination based on race or sex.
90
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Law protecting minority voting rights, especially in the South.
91
What was the Kerner Commission Report?
Government study blaming racial unrest on inequality and segregation.
92
Who was Malcolm X?
Black nationalist leader advocating for self-defense and black empowerment.
93
Who was Fred Hampton?
Black Panther leader assassinated by police.
94
Who was Bobby Seale?
Co-founder of the Black Panther Party.
95
Who was Stokely Carmichael?
Civil rights leader who popularized the term 'Black Power'.
96
What was 'The Negro Soldier'?
WWII propaganda film promoting African American contributions.
97
What is 'The Manchurian Candidate'?
Cold War thriller about brainwashing and political assassination.
98
What is 'The Truman Show'?
A film about a man unknowingly living in a reality TV world.
99
What is 'The Girl from Hanoi'?
Vietnamese film depicting life during U.S. bombing raids.
100
What is 'Good Morning Vietnam'?
Drama about a radio DJ during the Vietnam War.
101
What is 'Rambo: First Blood'?
A film about a traumatized veteran struggling at home.
102
What is 'Platoon'?
Intense, realistic portrayal of U.S. soldiers in Vietnam.
103
What is 'Apocalypse Now'?
Surreal Vietnam War film exploring madness and morality.
104
What is 'Mississippi Burning'?
Crime drama on the FBI’s investigation into civil rights murders.
105
What is 'All the President's Men'?
Film retelling the Watergate investigation.
106
What is 'Full Metal Jacket'?
A Vietnam War film exploring the dehumanization of soldiers.
107
What is 'We Were All Soldiers'?
A film about one of the first major Vietnam War battles.
108
What is 'The Chicago 7'?
A film about activists on trial for protesting the 1968 Democratic convention.
109
What is 'Dien Bien Phu' (film)?
Film recounting the decisive battle ending French rule in Indochina.
110
What is 'Diary of a Mad Housewife'?
Drama exploring the frustrations of a trapped suburban housewife.

Vietnam (2 decks)

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