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Pizeek > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define Kepler’s Third Law

A

The square of orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit

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2
Q

Define inertia

A

The tendency of an object to remain at rest or if moving to continue its motion in a straight line at constant velocity.

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3
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The heat energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg substance by 1oC.

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4
Q

Define momentum

A

Product of mass and velocity

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5
Q

Which law is inertia related to? Define the law

A

Newton’s First Law of motion. A body will remain at rest or continue its motion unless acted by an external force

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6
Q

Define critical angle

A

The angle in which the incident angle from medium of higher optical density produces a refraction angle which is 90o in the medium of lower optical density

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7
Q

Define damping

A

Decrease in altitude of oscillating system due to gradual loss of energy

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8
Q

Define Charles’ Law. What is the formula related?

A

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature provided the pressure is kept constant.
V/T = V/T

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9
Q

What is a black body?

A

An idealized body which can absorb all EM radiation and emit thermal radiation depending on its temperature.

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10
Q

Define chain reaction

A

when products of a nuclear reaction initiates another similar nuclear reaction

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11
Q

Define current. Deduce a formula which relates current to charge(Q) and time (t)

A

rate of flow of charge in conductor

Q=It

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12
Q

Define Faraday’s Law

A

The induced emf produced is directly proportional to the rate of cutting of magnetic flux

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13
Q

What is catapult field

A

The resultant magnetic field produced from the interaction between magnetic field lines of a permanent magnet and that of a current carrying conductor

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14
Q

Define the Principle of Conservation of MOmentum

A

the total momentum in a closed system is always conserved

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15
Q

Define Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

A

Every action has a reaction of the same magnitude but in opposite direction.

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16
Q

Define transverse waves.

A

Wave in which vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation

17
Q

What is parallax error?

A

Error in reading the instrument as the eye of the observer and pointer are not perpendicular to the scale

18
Q

Define thermal equilibrium

A

When net heat transfer between two objects in thermal contact is zero

19
Q

Define Pascal’s principle

A

Pressure exerted on the surface of a fluid is transferred uniformly to the entire fluid.

20
Q

Explain Archimedes principle

A

An object immersed partially or fully in a fluid experiences buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced

21
Q

What principle is related to velocity and pressure of fluid?

A

Bernoulli’s principle

22
Q

Define nuclear fission reaction

A

When one large unstable heavy nucleaus splits into 2 or more smaller lighter nuclei while emmitting radioactive energy.

23
Q

Define Newton’s second Law of Motion

A

the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force acting on it.

24
Q

What is specific latent heat of vapourisation?

A

The amount of heat energy required when changing the state of a 1kg liquid to gas or gas to liquid without changing its temperature

25
Q

What is destructive interference

A

the superposition of 2 waves that is a crests and a trough producing a resultant wave with 0 amplitude

26
Q

What is resistivity

A

The ability of a conductor to oppose the current flow.

27
Q

Explain Lenz’s Law

A

Induced current always flows in a direction opposing the change of magnetic flux

28
Q

Define half life

A

The time taken for an unstable nucleus to reduce to half its original value by releasing radioactive rays

29
Q

What is thermionic emmision?

A

emission of electrons from a heated metal surface

30
Q

What is an ohmic conductor?

A

A conductor which obeys Ohm’s Law

31
Q

Define impulse

A

Rate of change of momentum

32
Q

Define Boyle’s Law

A

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided the temperature is kept constant

33
Q

Define Newton’s Universal law of gravitational

A

Gravitational force of 2 bodies is directly proportional to the products of mass of two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the centre of 2 bodies.

34
Q

What is Kepler’s 2nd Law. What is another name for this law?

A

A line that connects the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas at equal times
- Law of areas

35
Q

Define electric field

A

A region around a charged particle which experiences electric force

36
Q

Define potential difference. Deduce a formula relating V, W and Q

A

The work done to carry 1 coulomb of charge from one point to another point
V=W/Q
(v-voltage, W-work done, q-coulomb)

37
Q

Define internal resistance

A

Resistance caused by electrolyte in the dry cell

38
Q

What is power?

A

Rate of electrical energy being dissipated/ transfer

Pizeek (5 decks)

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