Definitions

Question 1

Define hyper lipidemia

Answer 1

Blood disorder characterized by elevations in blood cholesterol levels

Question 2

What is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease?

Answer 2

Hyper lipidemia

Question 3

What are the causes of hyper lipidemia?

Answer 3

Genetic, which is primary.
Environmental factors which is secondary.
95% of people have both

Question 4

Define primary hyper lipidemia

Answer 4

Genetic predisposed

May inherit defective jeans

abnormalities in LDL receptors/mutations in apolipoproteins lead to increase cholesterol production or decrease clearance of it

Question 5

What are secondary causes of hyperlipidemia (what diseases)

Answer 5

Acute hepatitis, diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, primary biliary, cirrhosis, systemic, lupus erythematosus, uremia.

Question 6

What are secondary causes of hyper lipidemia? (drugs)

Answer 6

Alcohol, beta blockers, glucocorticoids, oral, contraceptives, progestines thiazide diuretics

Question 7

Define cholesterol

Answer 7

A natural substance produced during sleep by the liver 70% diet 30%

Question 8

What does cholesterol Help with?

Answer 8

Makes bi asses digestion,

steroid, hormones cholesterol is the precursor of five major classes of steroid hormones

maintains integrity of cell membranes

Found mainly in cells, but 7% circulates in the blood serum

Question 9

What are the five major classes of steroid hormones?

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens and estrogens progestagens

Question 10

Serum cholesterol =

Answer 10

Atherosclerosis

Question 11

What are the major plasma lipids?

Answer 11

Cholesterol triglycerides phospholipids

Question 12

Define Lipo proteins

Answer 12

Surround the phospholipids and transport in the blood are produced in the liver and intestines, but endogenous production of Lipo proteins occurs, primarily liver

Question 13

Apolipoproteins

Answer 13

Specialized proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein.

Identify specific receptors, which lipoprotein will bind

They play a role in development or prevention of hyper lipidemia by controlling interaction in metabolism of Lipo proteins

Question 14

What are four major Lipo proteins

Answer 14

Chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein’s, high density lipoprotein

Question 15

What are chylomicrons

Answer 15

Largest composed, primarily of triglycerides from consumption of fat

Question 16

What are very low density lipoprotein?

Answer 16

Compose of cholesterol and triglycerides the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides converts to LDL

Question 17

Low density lipoprotein

Answer 17

Bad cholesterol contains the most cholesterol by way of all the Lipo proteins contain 60 to 75% of total cholesterol

Question 18

What are high density lipoprotein?

Answer 18

Good cholesterol functions to remove LDL and TG

Question 19

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

Lesions resulting from accumulation of cholesterol and blood vessels.
It affects large arteries and coronary arteries

Question 20

How does atherosclerosis develop?

Answer 20

LDL accumulates in the endothelial lining of the intima,

monocytes invade and form macrophages, ingest the LDL and leaves fatty streaks to lesions

Begins in mid teens and lesions grow as people age

Plaque cells grow causing damage to the endothelium this, Lisa platelet aggregation and clot formation

Question 21

What diseases does atherosclerosis cause?

Answer 21

Coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction significant myocardial, ischemia history of coronary artery bypass graft history of coronary angioplasty angiographic evidence of lesions)

Peripheral vascular disease (claudication)

Carotid, artery disease (Thrombotic stroke transient, ischemic attack)

Question 22

What are risk factors for hyper lipidemia?

Answer 22

Age, gender systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, use presence of diabetes and smoking

Question 23

When should people assess their risk of hyper lipidemia?

Answer 23

Assessment of traditional risk factors in patients age 20 to 39 years without a history of cardiovascular disease every 4-6 years

A full lipid panel, which also contains LDL cholesterol and triglyceride, should be attained fully evaluate a patient’s risk

Question 24

Patience with a 10 year ASCVD risk greater than or equal to 7.5%.

Answer 24

Are considered a elevated risk for a future ASCVD event

Question 25

When do guidelines say to start something therapy?

Answer 25

Guidelines, do not recommend starting therapy for patients with a 10 year is less than 5% Guidelines, do not typically recommend aspirin therapy for patients with attend your wrist less than 10% If less than 5%, they should start with diet and exercise

Question 26

What is a coronary artery calcium scan? CAC

Answer 26

It’s a scan that is not invasive procedure that to text after a spootic plaque burden total plaque area ind density The result of the CAC scan is characterized by the Agatston score

Question 27

What do you do for a patient who is intermediate risk?

Answer 27

Intermediate risk is greater than or equal to 7.5% or less than 20%. If risk estimate plus risk enhancers favor, statin initiate moderate intensity statin to reduce LDL by 30% to 49% class one If risk decision is uncertain, consider a measuring CAC and selected adults

Question 28

What to do for a patient who is high risk

Answer 28

High risk is greater than or equal to 20%. Initiate starting to reduce LDL by greater than or equal to 50%. Class one

Question 29

Who does not get a risk assessment immediately goes on statins

Answer 29

LDL equal to or greater than 190 no risk assessment, high intensity, statin Diabetes and age 40 to 75 moderate intensity statin Diabetes in age 40 to 75 no risk assessment to consider high intensity statin Age greater than 75 years old clinical assessment with discussion

Question 30

What groups do not get placed on statins?

Answer 30

Less than 5% is low risk emphasize lifestyle to reduce risk factors 5% to less than 7.5% is borderline risk. if risk enhancers presents and risk discussion regarding moderate intensity, statin therapy class 11 be

Question 31

Guidelines on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk

Answer 31

Diet, high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, nontropical, vegetable oils, and nuts Exercise aerobic physical exercise, 3 to 4 times a week with each session. Averaging about 40 minutes. Weight loss Moderation of alcohol and take Smoking sensation

Question 32

What are the goals of statin therapy for high intensity?

Answer 32

LDL reduction of > or equal to 50%

Question 33

What are the goals for somebody on moderate intensity statin

Answer 33

LDL reduction of less than 30-49%

Question 34

When is decreasing a statin does not recommend?

Answer 34

For patients who is LDL decreases to less than 40%

Question 35

How often do you monitor after starting a statin?

Answer 35

Monitor every 3 to 12 months for continued assessment

Question 36

What are statin side effects?

Answer 36

Muscle related Pain, tenderness, weakness, fatigue

Question 37

What do you do if a statin has mild muscle pain

Answer 37

Stop the satin for A week and see if it resolves, then restart at a lower dose

Question 38

What to do for statin side effects if severe

Answer 38

If severe stop satin and check CKCM creatinine in urine analysis to be evaluated for rhabdo myelosis a severe condition that can cause needs to shut down Try a different statin for mild

Question 39

What StATIN does secondary prevention existing clinical ACSVD

Answer 39

Emphasize healthy lifestyle High intensity, statin use moderate intensity, statin if her intensity is not tolerated

Question 40

What statin does severe hyper lipidemia get for 20 to 75 years old, LDL greater than or equal to 190

Answer 40

Emphasize healthy lifestyle Risk assessment not needed High intensity, statin use moderate intensity, statin if I touch you got tolerated

Question 41

What Staten does adults with diabetes 40 to 75 years old

Answer 41

Emphasize healthy lifestyle Risk assessment not required Moderate intensity, statin, consider high intensity, statin, if multiple respecters exist

Question 42

What satin does adults for diabetes age 40 to 75 LDL less than 190

Answer 42

Emphasize healthy lifestyle Risk assessment using race and age, specific PC eat estimate tenure risk Intermediate risk 7.5-<20 ,gets moderate intensity, statin High risk greater than or equal to 20% gets high intensity, statin use moderate intensity, statin Pietanza’s not tolerating