Definitions

Question 1

What is Crime

Defined by Pease(2002)

Answer 1

Actions deemed to be so disturbing to citizens or disruptive to society as to justify state intervention

Question 2

What is Deviance

Answer 2

Behaviour which goes against conventional norms and generally accepted values

Behaviour which most people regard as inappropriate or unacceptable or wrong

Usually subject to a variety of social controls ranging from mild disapproval to severe punishment

Question 3

What is social order

Answer 3

Refers to social stability and social solidarity in modern society. Citizens tend to agree and share similar norms, values and morals and are reasonably well integrated into society. They share a sense of belonging to society which is maintained by agencies of social control

Question 4

What is social control

Answer 4

Refers to the need to regulate the behaviour of citizens of a society in order to make sure they conform to laws and rules so that social order is not threatened.

There are two kinds: formal & informal

Question 5

What is formal social control

Answer 5

This refers to social institutions that enforce social control

· It covers the law, courts, police and prisons

· Their aim is to suppress and punish illegal or criminal behaviour

· Can include physical force (police) or some kind of forceful behaviou

Question 6

What is informal social control

Answer 6

Aimed at enforcing behaviour that society expects of particular individuals

e.g. expectations about how people should behave

Less strict than formal social control

Eg we are expected to behave in a situation (place of worship)

Question 7

How is Crime n Deviance relative

Interactionism, Marxism, Culture, Circumstance

Answer 7

• Interactionism: the concepts of ‘crime’ and ‘deviance’ are socially constructed; Becker
  Lemert (primary and secondary deviance)
  Matza (subterranean values)
  Ciccourel (justice can be negotiated)
• Relativity of circumstance: For example, being naked in the bath or in public
• Relativity of culture: woman wearing miniskirt and vest to shops in Islamic societies compared to wearing same outfit in UK
• Marxist view that notions of CnD are constructed to benefit RC
  -E.G. causing avoidable death is/isn’t homicide relative to the power of the parties involves (e.g. Box)

Question 8

What is the social construction of CnD

Answer 8

Interactionism n that