Definitions

Question 1

Empirical Formula

Answer 1

A formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound

Question 2

Molecular Formula

Answer 2

A formula which shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 3

Molar Gas Volume

Answer 3

The volume of one mole of gas nder spec cond of temp and pressure e.g 24dm3 at 20 degress (293K) and 1atm

Question 4

Percentage Yield

Answer 4

Actual/ Theoretical x100

Question 5

Atom Economy

Answer 5

Mass of desired product/ total mass of pr x100

Question 6

Homologous Series

Answer 6

Compounds which have the same gen form, similar chem properties, show a gradation in physical prop and suc members differ by a CH2 unit

Question 7

Functional Group

Answer 7

R group within a compound

Question 8

Structural Isomers

Answer 8

Mol which have the same mol form but a dif structural form

Question 9

Geometric Isomer

Answer 9

Mol with the same str formula but different arrangement of atoms due to the presence of 1/more C=C

Question 10

Sat Hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Contains no C=C/ C—C bond

Question 11

Hydrocarbon

Answer 11

Cont H2 and C only

Question 12

Substitution

Answer 12

Replacing one atom or group with a different atom or group

Question 13

Homolytic Fission

Answer 13

Bond breaking in which one of the shared e goes to each atom

Question 14

Heterolytic Fission

Answer 14

Bond breaking in which both e in the shared pair go to a single atom

Question 15

Radical

Answer 15

A particle with an unpaired e

Question 16

Unsat Hydrocarbon

Answer 16

Contains at least one C=C or C—C bond

Question 17

Sigma Bond

Answer 17

A cov bond formed by the linear overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 18

Pi Bond

Answer 18

A cov bond formed by the sidways overlap of p orbitals

Question 19

Bond L

Answer 19

The dist between the nuclei of 2 cov bonded atoms

Question 20

Hydrogenation

Answer 20

Addition of H2 mol across a C=C

Question 21

Electrophile

Answer 21

An ion or molecule that attacks regions of high e density

Question 22

Primary Carbocation

Answer 22

A carbocation which ahs one C atom directly bonded to the pos charged C

Question 23

Sec Carbocation

Answer 23

A carbocat which has 2 C atoms directly bonded to the pos charged C

Question 24

Tert Carbocation

Answer 24

A carbocat which has 3 C atoms directly bonded to the pos charged C

Question 25

Polymerisation

Answer 25

Joining together of many small mol (monomers) to form a large mol

Question 26

Monomers

Answer 26

Many small mol which join together to form a polymer

Question 27

Polymer

Answer 27

A large mol formed when monomers join together

Question 28

Primary Halogenoalkane

Answer 28

A halogenoalkane which has one C atom directly bonded to the C atom that is bonded to the halogen

Question 29

Sec Halogenoalkane

Answer 29

A halogenoalk which has 2 C atoms directly bonded to the C atom that is bonded to the halogen

Question 30

Tertiary Haloalkane

Answer 30

A halogenoalk which has 3 C atoms directly bonded to the C atom that is bonded to the halogen

Question 31

Reflux

Answer 31

Repeated boiling and condensing of a r mixture

Question 32

Hydrolysis

Answer 32

Breaking up mol by r with water

Question 33

Nucleophile

Answer 33

An ion/ mol with a lone pair of e that attacks regions of low e density

Question 34

Elimination

Answer 34

A r in which a small mol is removed from a larger mol

Question 35

Miscibility

Answer 35

L which mix in all proportions i.e form a single layer

Question 36

Primary Alc

Answer 36

An alc which has one C atom directly bonded to the C atom that is bonded to the -Oh group

Question 37

Sec Alc

Answer 37

An alc in which two C atoms are directly bonded to the C atom that is directly bonded to the -OH group

Question 38

Tertiary Alc

Answer 38

An alc in which 3 C atoms are directly bonded to the C atom that is bonded to the -OH group

Question 39

Ground State

Answer 39

A molecular vibration which is in the lowest poss en state

Question 40

Wavenumber

Answer 40

the reciprocal of the wavelength and it is measured in cm-1

Question 41

Endothermic

Answer 41

A r in which the enthalpy of the p is greater than the enthalpy of the r

Question 42

Exothermic

Answer 42

A r in which the enthalpy of the r is greater than the enthalpy of the p

Question 43

Standard Cond

Answer 43

298K and 100KPa

Question 44

Standard Enthalpy Change

Answer 44

Change in heat energy at constant pressure, measured at standard conditions

Question 45

Standard enthalpy of combustion

Answer 45

The enthalpy change when one mole of a subst is burnt completely in O2 under standard cond

Question 46

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

Answer 46

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard cond

Question 47

Standard Enthalpy of Neutralisation

Answer 47

The enthalpy change when one mole of water is produced in a neutralisation r under standard cond

Question 48

Conservation of En

Answer 48

En cannot be created/ destroyed but it can change from one form to another

Question 49

Hess' Law

Answer 49

Enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken provided the initial and final conditions are the same

Question 50

Average Bond Enthalpy

Answer 50

The energy required to break one mole of a given bond averaged over many compounds

Question 51

R rate

Answer 51

the change of the conc (amount) of a r/p with respect to time

Question 52

Catalyst

Answer 52

A subst which increases the rate of a chem r but does not get used up

Question 53

Activ En

Answer 53

The min amount of en req for a r to occur

Question 54

Reversible R

Answer 54

A r which goes in both fw and bw dir

Question 55

Dynamic Equ

Answer 55

Rate of fw r = rate of bw r

Question 56

Equilibrium

Answer 56

A rev reaction in which the amount of each r/ p remains constant

Question 57

Homogeneous

Answer 57

A r in which all the r and p remain constant

Question 58

Heterogeneous

Answer 58

A r in which all the r and p are not in the same physical state

Question 59

S block el

Answer 59

an el which has an atom with highest en/ outer e in an s-subshell (orbital)

Question 60

Solubility

Answer 60

the max mass of solute that will dis in 100g solvent at a stated temp