definitions

Question 1

molecular formula

Answer 1

actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

Question 2

skeletal formula

Answer 2

show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only and functional groups

Question 3

structural formula

Answer 3

arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds

Question 4

displayed formula

Answer 4

shows the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in a molecule

Question 5

homologous series

Answer 5

have the same functional group and general formula

Question 6

aromatic compounds

Answer 6

contain a benzene ring

Question 7

aliphatic compounds

Answer 7

are straight, branched, or non aromatic chains

Question 8

bond fission

Answer 8

the breaking of a covalent bond

Question 9

heterolytic fission

Answer 9

electrons distributed unequally to form 2 different ions

Question 10

homolytic fission

Answer 10

electrons equally shared to form 2 uncharged radicals

Question 11

structural isomers

Answer 11

have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 12

chain isomerism

Answer 12

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

Question 13

positional isomerism

Answer 13

same molecular formula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton

Question 14

functional group isomerism

Answer 14

same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 14

alkanes

Answer 14

saturated hydrocarbons

Question 14

incomplete combustion

Answer 14

when alkanes burn with a limited oxygen supply, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) are produced

Question 15

alkenes

Answer 15

unsaturated hydrocarbons
CnH2n

Question 16

pi bond

Answer 16

parallel overlap of 2 p orbitals

Question 17

sigma bond

Answer 17

when 2 s orbitals overlap

Question 18

optical stereoisomers

Answer 18

have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

they have a chiral carbon atom

Question 19

electrophile

Answer 19

electron pair acceptor

Question 20

halogenoalkanes

Answer 20

are alkanes with 1 or more halogens attached to it

Question 21

reflux

Answer 21

the technique used when you want to heat volatile liquids

Question 22

distillation

Answer 22

used when we want to separate substances with different boiling points

Question 23

Re distillation

Answer 23

used to purify volatile substances which can be purified further using separation

Question 24

separation

Answer 24

used to remove impurities that are dissolved in water

Question 25

purification

Answer 25

take the impure product from the separating funnel and add to a round bottomed flask

Question 26

benzene

Answer 26

cyclic, planar molecule with the formula C6H6

Question 29

empirical formula

Answer 29

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Question 30

chemical mechanism

Answer 30

shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

Question 31

curly arrow

Answer 31

shows movement of a pair of electrons

Question 32

infrared spectroscopy

Answer 32

uses infrared radiation to increase the vibrational energy of covalent bonds in a sample.

Question 33

acid anhydrides

Answer 33

molecule made from 2 carboxylic acids that are the same.

Question 34

chiral molecules

Answer 34

have 4 different groups around a central carbon atom

Question 35

condensation polymers

Answer 35

where 2 different monomers with at least 2 functional groups react together. when the link is made, water is eliminated

Question 36

how are polyamides formed?

Answer 36

by reacting diamines and dicarboxylic acid together

Question 37

how are polyesters formed?

Answer 37

by reacting a diol and dicarboxylic acid together

Question 38

filtration

Answer 38

used to separate solids from liquids

Question 39

recrystallisation

Answer 39

is a method to purify solids

Question 40

thin layer chromatography

Answer 40

allows us to separate and identify compounds

Question 41

gas chromatography

Answer 41

is a useful way to separate mixture of liquids that are volatile hence can be identified

Question 42

retention time

Answer 42

the length of time it takes for a substance to travel through the column and reach the detector in TLC

Question 43

chemical shift

Answer 43

the difference between the TMS peak and peaks produced by the substance under test