Definitions

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Refers to the State of being aware of and able to think about one‘s own existence, thoughts and surroundings

Question 2

Two Track mind

Answer 2

Brain operates on two distinct levels - conscious and unconscious

Question 3

Selective attention

Answer 3

Cognitive process that allows individuals to focus on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information
- enabling efficient processing of important Details in a complex environment

Question 4

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 4

psychological phenomenon where individuals fail to notice visible objects when their attention is focused on a different task

Question 5

Change Blindness

Answer 5

perceptual phenomenon where individuals fail to notice significant changes in their visual environment, often due to a lack of attention or the way information is presented
- limitations of Visual awareness

Question 6

Sleep (REM-NREM)

Answer 6

• 1 cycle = 90 min
• NREM1 = light sleep
• NREM2 = deeper Sleep
• NREM3 = deep sleep
• REM = rapid eye movement - dream phase

Question 7

Personality

Answer 7

Refers to the unique and stable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that define a person

Question 8

Defense Mechanism

Answer 8

Psychological strategy that individuals unconsciously use to protect themselves from anxiety or emotional distress

Question 9

Repression - Defense Mechanism

Answer 9

Pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious
- forgetting a traumatic childhood event

Question 10

Projection - Defense Mechanism

Answer 10

Attributing one‘s feelings to others
- a jealous Partner accusing their spouse of infidelity

Question 11

Displacement - Defense Mechanism

Answer 11

Redirecting emotions to a safer target
- yelling at a friend After a Bad day at work

Question 12

Rationalization - Defense Mechanism

Answer 12

Justifying behaviors with logical reasons
- saying „I didn’t want that Job anyway“ after being rejected

Question 13

Humanistic Theory

Answer 13

• way of understanding people that focuses on their positive qualities, personal growth and their ability to choose their own path in life
• everyone has the potential to become the best Version of themselves

Question 14

Carl rodgers‘ person-centered perspective

Answer 14

• emphasizes the individual‘s innate drive toward self-growth, self-actualization and fullfilment
• people need an Environment that fosters acceptance, empathy and genuineness

Question 15

Psychology

Answer 15

Scientific Study of behaviour and mental processes, encompassing everything from brain activity to cultural influences

Question 16

Freudian Psychology

Answer 16

Emphasizes unconscious processes and early life experiences

Question 17

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 17

Highlighted growth potential and personal fulfillment

Question 18

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 18

Explores mental processes like memory and problem-solving

Question 19

Biological and evolutionary Psychology

Answer 19

Studies brain mechanisms, genetics and evolution

Question 20

Social-cultural psychology

Answer 20

examines how behavior and thought differ across cultures and contexts

Question 21

Behaviorism

Answer 21

Focuses on observable behavior and rejects introspection

Question 22

Correlation

Answer 22

Identifies relationships between variables but does not imply causation

Question 23

Experimentation

Answer 23

• Manipulates independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables

Question 24

Random sampling

Answer 24

ensures every individual has an equal chance of participation, enhancing the study‘s generalizability

Question 25

Control groups

Answer 25

Compare outcomes to groups without experimental manipulation

Question 26

Blind- and Double-Blind- Procedures

Answer 26

Minimize bias in data collection and interpretation

Question 27

Cocktail Party effect

Answer 27

Ability to focus on one voice in a noisy environment but shift attention of a salient stimulus arises

Question 28

Functions of Sleep

Answer 28

1. protection 2. Restoration 3. memory consolidation 4. creativity 5. growth

Question 29

Insomnia

Answer 29

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

Question 30

Narcolepsy

Answer 30

Sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks

Question 31

Sleep apnea

Answer 31

Breathing interruptions during sleep

Question 32

Night terrors

Answer 32

High arousal and panic during NREM3, primarily in children

Question 33

Memory

Answer 33

Is the persistence of Learning over time, encoded, stored and retrieved for later use

Question 34

Intelligence

Answer 34

mental potential to learn from experience, solve Problems and adapt to new situations

Question 35

Motivation

Answer 35

- Is a need or a desire that energizes and directs behavior - arises from the interplay between biological drives, learned incentives and environmental influences

Question 36

Stress

Answer 36

- is the process of perceiving and responding to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging