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Definitions Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Zeroth Law of thermodynamics

A

Heat can flow from one body to another only if they are at different temperatures

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2
Q

1st Law of thermodynamics

A

The heat energy supplied to a system is the sum of the increase in internal energy and the work done by the system on its surroundings

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3
Q

2nd Law of thermodynamics

A

It is not possible to continuously convert heat into work without transferring some heat from a warmer to a cooler body

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4
Q

Baryon conservation law

A

Baryon No. is conserved in ANY interaction

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5
Q

Charge conservation law

A

The net charge of an isolated system will always remain constant

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6
Q

Energy conservation law

A

the total energy of an isolated system remains constant

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7
Q

lepton conservation law

A

lepton No. is conserved in ANY interaction

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8
Q

conservation law for linear and angular momentum

A

In any closed system in the absence of any external forces the total linear (and angular) momentum in conserved. (object in equilibrium)

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9
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

The force of attraction (or repulsion) between two point charges of q and Q is directly proportional the the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the point charges

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10
Q

State Faraday’s Law(s)

A

(i) the magnitude of an induced emf in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage
(ii) the direction of the induced emf is such that the current it produces opposes the change which is producing it

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11
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

up to the limit of proportionality the extension of a wire or spring is directly proportional to the applied load

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12
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

The intensity of radiation or magnitude of force varies as the invers square of the distance from the source

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13
Q

Kepler’s 1st law

A

the orbit of planets is an ellipse with the sun as one if its foci

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14
Q

Kepler’s 2nd law

A

Each planet moves such that an imaginary line joining it to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times

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15
Q

Kepler’s 3rd law

A

the square of the time period of revolution of planets about the sun is directly proportional to the cube of their mean distance from it

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16
Q

Kirchoff’s 1st law

A

the algebraic sum of current flowing into ANY junction in a circuit is zero

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17
Q

Kirchoff’s 2nd law

A

In any closed loop of a circuit, the algebraic sum of the emf’s is equal to the algebraic sum of products of the current and resistance.

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18
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

The direction of an induced emf in a conductor is such that the current it produces opposes the change which is producing it

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19
Q

Law of moments

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A

For a body in equilibrium the sum of clockwise moments about any pivot point is equal to the sum of anti-clockwise moments about the same point

20
Q

Newton’s 1st Law

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A

if there is no resultant force acting on a body, it will either remain at rest or move with constant velocity

21
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

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A

the resultant force on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum

22
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

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A

For any action force there is a reaction force of equal magnitude, but opposite direction. The force pair act on different bodies

23
Q

Newton’s Universal law of gravitation

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A

The force of attraction between two bodies of mass m and M is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centre of masses.

24
Q

Ohm’s Law

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A

The current passing through an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it provided there is no change to its physical conditions

25
Reflection Law(s)
the angle of incidence is equal in magnitude to the angle of reflection (measured on the opposite side of the Normal line) where the incident ray, the Normal line and the reflected ray all lie on the same plane
26
Snell's Law
The relative refractive index of two transparent refractive media is equal to the ration of the sine of the angle of incidence / sine of the angle of refraction.
27
The ideal gas law
For a fixed mass of ideal gas the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
28
Stopping Potential
The minimum potential difference required to stop the highest kinetic energy electrons from leaving the metal plate in the photoelectric effect.
29
Threshold Frequency
The minimum frequency of photons required for photoelectrons to be emitted from the surface of a metal plate through the photoelectric effect. It is equal to the metal’s work function divided by Planck’s constant.
30
Work Function
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a metal’s surface.
31
Coherence
Waves are coherent if they have the same wavelength and frequency, as well as there being a fixed phase difference between them.
32
Interference
when two or more waves meet with each other, the resultant wave is the sum of the displacement at each point. If the waves are in phase they will constructively interfere, but if they are out of phase, they will destructively interfere.
33
Material Dispersion:
Waves of different wavelengths travel at slightly different speeds through an optical fibre and so reach the end of the fibre at slightly different times, causing pulse broadening. The use of monochromatic light fixes this.
34
Modal Dispersion
Waves enter an optical fibre at slightly different angles, meaning the distance each beam has to travel is slightly different. This leads to the beams reaching the end at different times and so causes pulse broadening.
35
Resonance
Resonance occurs when the frequency of oscillations is equal to the natural frequency of the oscillating system. The rate of energy transfer is at a maximum during resonance.
36
Absolute Zero
The lowest possible temperature of a system, where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy
37
Internal Energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system.
38
Specific Latent Heat
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change of temperature.
39
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin
40
Define Electric Field Strength, E (at a point in the field)
The force per unit positive charge exerted on a charged object placed at that point in the field. This is a vector acting in the same direction as the force on a positive charge
41
Electric Potential, V (at a point in the field)
the work done per unit charge on a positive test charge in bringing it from infinity to that point in the field.
42
Escape Velocity
The minimum velocity required by an object to be able to escape a gravitational field of a mass when projected vertically from its surface.
43
Equipotential
A surface of constant potential. No work is done by the field when an object moves along an equipotential.
44
Tesla
the effect of 1 newton on a unit length of wire carrying 1 ampere
45
Activity
The rate of decay of the radioactive nuclei in a given isotope. It is proportional to the total number of nuclei in the sample and is measured in Becquerels.
46
Binding Energy
The amount of energy required to split a nucleus into all its separate constituent nucleons. It is equivalent to the mass defect.
47
Critical Mass
The smallest mass of fissile material required in a fission reactor for a chain reaction to be sustained

Physics (4 decks)

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