Definitions Flashcards
(29 cards)
Behaviourist approach
A learning approach that suggests all children are born as blank slates learning thru their interactions with the environment
Biological approach
A learning approach that views human behaviour as a result of genetics and proposes that individual psychology stems from internal physiology
Classical confitioning
A form of learning which occurs by associating naturally occurring instinct with new stimuli thus creating a conditioned response
Cognitive approach
Learning approach that likes the human mind to a computer with internal mental processes turning into an input output
Congruence
When a person’s ideal self and their actual self are aligned
Defence mechanism
Strategies employed by the ego to protect the mind form feelings that may be too overwhelming
Denial
A defence mechanisms utilised by the unconscious mind
Ego
Develops after I’d and mediates between desires of id and what is attainable
Free will
The idea that we are in full control of our behaviour and decisions
Genotype
The genetic profile of an individual
Humanistic approach
A learning approach that presumes all humans are fundamentally good and encourages holistic study of the entire individual
Id
Most primitive and selfish part of mind present from birth
Identification
Form of learning according to social learning theory suggests humans learn by observing role models that they perceive as more similar to themselves, we internalise the beliefs of someone who we identify as similar as us
Imitation
Form of learning suggested hy social learning theory which proposes people learn through copying the behaviour of a role model they identify with
Mallows hierarchy of needs
Theory that suggests humans have multiple needs that need to be achieved in a particular order to fully achieve a person’s potential
Modelling
When a role model exacts a behaviour that can be imitated by an observer
Mediational process
Internal process that contributes to producing certain behaviours hence ‘mediators’between observation and imitation
Negative reinforcement
increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing something undesirable as a consequence
Operant conditioning
A form of learning by direct consequences for behaviour whether by reinforcement or punishment
Phenotype
An organisms physical manifestation of their genotype
Positive reinforcement
the process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behaviour by offering reward when the behaviour is exhibited.
Psychodynamic approach
Learning approach that describes human behaviour as a product of unconscious processes
Psychosexual stages
Suggests personality develops via overcoming a series of stages in childhood . Failure to complete a stage would result in a fixation
Repression
Defence mechanism utilised by unconscious mind and prevents disturbing thoughts reaching conscious thoughts
