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Nursing 103 - Exam #1 > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

1
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease producing organisms that involves prevention of transfer of micro organisms

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2
Q

contagious

A

capable of being transmitted from one individual to another

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3
Q

contaminated

A

introduction of pathogens or infectious material into or on normally clean or sterile objects, spaces or surfaces

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4
Q

disinfectant

A

substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria

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5
Q

infection

A

disease caused by micro organisms especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues

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6
Q

infection control

A

procedures & policies for monitoring & attempting to control the transmission of communicable diseases

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7
Q

medical asepsis

A

procedures used to reduce the number of and prevent the spread of micro organisms (eg. handwashing)

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8
Q

micro organism

A

living organism too small to be perceived with the naked eye (eg. virus)

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9
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infection that results from the delivery of health services in a health care setting and were not present on admission

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10
Q

pathogen

A

a micro organism capable of producing disease

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11
Q

sterile

A

free from living micro organisms

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12
Q

susceptible

A

degree to which a person is prone to disease

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13
Q

virulent

A

very poisonous - strength; able to overcome the hosts defense mechanisms

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14
Q

body alignment

A

relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line

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15
Q

body balance

A

achieved when a relatively low centre of gravity is balanced over a wide stable base of support and a line falls from the centre of gravity vertically through the base of support

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16
Q

body mechanics

A

the use of muscles to complete activities safely and effeciently without unnecessary strain on any muscle or joint

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17
Q

term

A

period of duration - pregnancy 38-42 weeks

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18
Q

trimester

A

3 month period

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19
Q

preterm

A

baby born prior to 37th week of pregnancy

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20
Q

EDD

A

expected due date

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21
Q

labour

A

repetitive and forceful uterine contractions sufficient to cause dilation of the cervix and ends with delivery of placenta

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22
Q

quickening

A

awareness of movement of fetus in the womb

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23
Q

lightening

A

descent of presenting part of fetus into the pelvis

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24
Q

stages of labour

A

prelabour, 1st stage, active, transition, 2nd stage, 3rd stage, 4th stage

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25
placenta
oval spongy structure which a fetus derives nourishment and oxygen
26
show
discharge from vagina during 1st stage of labour
27
ruptured membranes
water breaking
28
dilation or dilatation
expansion of cervix during labour
29
effacement
thinning of the cervix
30
station
manner of standing (where baby is positioned, eg -3)
31
episiotomy
incision of perineum at end of 2nd stage of labour to avoid tearing and facilitate delivery
32
primipara
woman who delivers an infant at 500g or 20 weeks gestation
33
gravida
a pregnant woman
34
gravid
pregnant, heavy with child
35
GTPAL
gravida, term, preterm, abortion, living
36
oxytocin
hormone secreted that stimulates the uterus to contract
37
VBAC
vaginal birth after cesarian
38
alternating air mattress
used to reduce pressure on patient's skin
39
bed cradle
metal frame that is attached to the mattress to hold the weight of the top covers off the feet and legs
40
call bell
buzzer that notifies nurses patient requires attention
41
footboard
covered board placed at foot of bed and situated so feet rest against it and are at right angles to the legs
42
mitred corner
folded corners of the bed (triangular shape)
43
side rail
rails that are on either side of the bed to help prevent patient from falling out of bed
44
auscultation
listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced by the body
45
inspection
examination of body parts or areas
46
palpation
use of the hands to touch body parts to make sensitive measurements of specific areas
47
percussion
striking the body's surface with a finger to produce a vibration that travels through body tissues
48
afebrile
without fever
49
febrile
feverish
50
hyperthermia
unusually high fever
51
hypothermia
core body temperature below 35 degrees
52
hyperpyrexial
malignant hyperthermia - over 41.5 degrees - make go into seizure
53
pulse
throbbing caused by the regular contraction and alternate expansion of an artery as the wave of blood passes through the vessel as a result of each heartbeat
54
bradycardia
slow heartbeat - pulse rate below 60 bpm
55
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
56
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
57
cheyne-stokes
breathing pattern marked by a period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds, following by increased depth and frequency of respirations
58
eupnea
unimpaired respiration
59
hyperventilation
increased minute volume ventilation, which results in lowered CO2 levels
60
hypoventilation
reduced rate and depth of breathing that causes increased CO2
61
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart beat - greater than 100 bpm
62
blood pressure
tension exerted on the walls of arteries by the strength of the contraction of the heart
63
diastolic
period of cardiac muscle relaxation, alternating in the cardiac cycle with systole contraction
64
hypertension
high blood pressure - higher than 140mm Hg systolic or 90mm Hg diastolic on three separate readings recorded several weeks apart
65
hypotension
decrease in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure to below normal - systolic less than 90mm Hg
66
orthostatic hypotension
when a person with normal blood pressure develops symptoms of low blood pressure when rising to an up right position
67
pulse pressure
difference between diastolic and systolic pressure
68
systolic
contraction of the chambers of the heart
69
abduction
extremity moves away from midline of body
70
adduction
extremity moves towards midline of body
71
active ROM
patient able to move all joints through his or her ROM
72
passive ROM
patient unable to move independently & nurse moves each joint through ROM
73
circumduction
circular movement of limb in a cone shaped manner
74
dorsi flexion
toes & foot pointed upward
75
plantar flexion
toes & foot pointed downward
76
eversion
turning body part away from body
77
inversion
turning body part toward midline
78
external rotation
rotation of joint outward
79
internal rotation
rotation of joint inward
80
extension
increasing angle of two adjoining bones
81
flexion
decreasing angle of two adjoining bones
82
hyperextension
moving body part beyond its normal resting place
83
isometric
tightening of a muscle group and holding for a few seconds
84
isotonic
muscle contraction and changes in muscle length
85
opposition
touch thumb to each finger of the same hand
86
pronation
body part moved so its facing downward
87
supination
movement of body part so its facing upward
88
activity tolerance
determines ability of patient to assist with transfer
89
smooth mover
type of sliding board
90
weight bearing
ability to resist a load or force through bones, joints and associated structures structural NOT functional - must assess for pain, bones OK to hold weight but must still assess function (eg. muscles, etc.)
91
transfer belt
helps prevent caregiver back injury and aids in safe transfer of patient
92
Fowler's position
head of bed is elevated 45 - 60 degrees and patients knees are slightly elevated without pressure; patient is sitting up in bed
93
hand rolls
rolls that maintain thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers - hand roll maintains hand, thumb and fingers in a functional position, preventing contractures
94
lateral position
side lying with pillow in between legs
95
prone
lying chest down
96
semi-Fowlers position
head of bed is elevated to 30 degrees and patients knees are slightly elevated
97
Sim's position
semi prone - between chest down and side lying; one leg up
98
supine
back lying position
99
trochanter roll
prevents external rotation of the hips when patient in supine position - formed by folding a towel lengthwise to a width that will extend from the greater trochanter to lower border of the popliteal space
100
wedge (abductor) pillow
triangular shaped pillow made of heavy foam used to maintain the legs in abduction after total hip replacement surgery
101
dental caries
gradual decay of soft or bony tissue of a tooth
102
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling and a tendency to bleed
103
halitosis
offensive odour of breath
104
plaque
biofilm that accumulates and grows on crowns of teeth
105
stomatitis
inflamation of the mouth including lips, tongue and mucous membrane
106
anabolic
building up of body tissues
107
anorexia
loss of appetite
108
catabolic
destructive phase of metabolism
109
dyspepsia
upper abdominal discomfort, often chronic or persistant, indigestion
110
dysphagia
inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing
111
emaciation
state of being extremely thing
112
emesis
vomiting
113
malnutrition
any disease promoting condition due to either an inadequate or excessive exposure to nutrients (eg. undernutrition or overnutrition)
114
metabolic
all the energy and material transformations that occur within living cells
115
ceruminous glands
modified sweat gland in the skin lining the external auditory canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)
116
hirsutism
excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places, especially in woman
117
alopecia
loss of hair all over the body
118
pustule
small elevated skin lesion filled with WBCs and sometimes bacteria or products of broken down cells
119
decubitus ulcers
bed sores - pressure sores
120
ischemia
temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue
121
pruritis
tingling or faintly burning skin sensation prompting a person to rub or scratch - itch
122
cyanosis
blue gray slate or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by reduced hemoglobin in the blood
123
blanching
to lose colour especially in the face, usually suddenly and in the context of being frightened or sad

Nursing 103 - Exam #1 (8 decks)

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