Definitions Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Pure Substance
A
- large collection of very small particles in which the particles are all alike
- made of elements & compounds.
2
Q
Element
A
- one type of substance
- maybe atoms or molecules
3
Q
Compound
A
- one type of pure substance
- made of molecules or ions
4
Q
Particles
A
- what matter is made of
• atoms
• molecules
• ions
5
Q
Molecule
A
- single particle composed of two or more atoms
- held together by very strong bond
6
Q
Ion
A
- particle with electric charge
- positive or negative
- monatomic or polyatomic
7
Q
Monatomic Ion
A
- atom with an electric charge
- postive or negative
8
Q
Polyatomic Ion
A
- molecule with an electric charge
- postivie or negative
9
Q
Mixture
A
- particles are not all alike
10
Q
Homogenous mixture
A
- mixture that is homogenous in appearance
- uniform compostion
11
Q
Heterogenous Mixture
A
- mixture that is heterogenous in appearance
- not uniform in composition
12
Q
Significant Figures
A
- Non zero #’s are sig
- Zeros between non zeros are sig
- Zeros left of non zeros are not sig
- Zeros right of non zeros are ambiguous
- Add/Sub measured by decimal places
- Mult/Div measured by sig figs
13
Q
Units of Mass
A
Metric: gram (g)
English: pound (lb), ounce (oz)
14
Q
Units of Length
A
Metric: meter (m)
English: foot (ft), yard (yd), mile (mi)
15
Q
Units of Area
A
Metric: derived units: square meter (m2),
square centimeter (cm2)
English: square inch (in2), square yard (yd2),
square foot (ft2)
16
Q
Units of Volume
A
Metric: basic unit: Liter (L)
derived units: meter cubed (m3),
centimeter cubed (cm3)
English: gallon (gal), quart (qt), pint (pt)
17
Q
Equivalent units
A
cm3 = cc = ml
18
Q
Kilo-
A
1,000 = 1 x 10 exp 3
19
Q
deci-
A
0.1 = 1 x 10 exp -1
20
Q
centi-
A
0.01 = 1 x 10 exp -2
21
Q
milli-
A
0.001 = 1 x 10 exp -3
22
Q
micro-
A
0.000001 = 1 x 10 exp -6
23
Q
nano-
A
0.000000001 = 1 x 10 exp -9
24
Q
Kelvin to Celsius
A
K - 273.15 = C (3 sf’s)
25
Celsius to Kelvin
C + 273.15 = K (3 sf's)
26
Density
mass / volume
27
Density of Water
1 g/ml
28
Periodic table: Group (families)
- Vertical columns
- similar chem & physical properties
- Group A: representative elements
- Group B: transition elements/metals
- Group IA = alkali metals (not H)
- Group IIA = alkaline earth metals
- Group VIIA = halogens
- Group VIII = nobles gases (inert gases)
29
Periodic Table: Periods
- Horizontal rows
30
Periodic Table: Atomic Mass
- weighted of average of masses of all the isotopes of an element relative to mass of carbon-12
- units of atomic weight (amu)
31
Diatomic Elements (nonmetal)
- Hydrgen (H2)
- Nitrogen (N2)
- Oxygen (O2)
- Flourine (F2)
- Chlorine (Cl2)
- Bromine (Br2)
- Iodine (I2)
32
Chemical Change
- Change that results in the formation of one or more new substances
- Different chem & phys property
33
Kinetic Energy
- Energy of motion
| - K.E. = 1/2mv exp 2
34
Exothermic
- phys or chem change where HEAT is released
35
Endothermic
- phys or chem change where HEAT is absorb
36
Law of Conservation of Matter (mass)
- matter is neither created nor destroyed, mass is conserved and changed
37
Law of Conservation of Energy
- energy is neither created nor destroyed
38
Matter
- Collection of very small particles
- Three kinds of particles:
• Atoms
• Ions
• Molecules
- Two kinds of matter:
• Pure substances
• Mixtures
39
Formula Unit
- lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
| - analogous to molecule of a molecular compound
40
Nucleus
- where protons and neutrons are located
| - electrons located outside of nulceus
41
Isotope
- atom of same element that differs in number of neutrons
42
Valence Shell
- outermost occupied shell of atom
43
Valence Electron
- outermost electron in Valence shell
44
Atomic number
- identity. Number of protons in nucleus
| - equal number of electrons in neutral atom
45
Mass number
- Sum of protons and neutrons
46
Atomic mass
- weighted average of masses in an atom/molecule
| - compared to Carbon-12 (12.00000 amu)
47
Ion
- atom (molecule) that lost or gained electrons for a charge
48
Cation
- positively charged ion
49
Anion
- negatively charged ion
50
Ionic bond
- metal to nonmetal; metal transfers electrons to nonmetal
51
Covalent bond
- two nonmetals; share electrons
52
Neutral atom
- atom with no net charge
| - equal number of electrons and protons
53
Formula unit
- basic unit of ionic compounds
| - smallest electrically neutral collection of cation/anion in compound
54
Molecular mass
- average mass of molecules in compound
55
Mole
- mass in grams = atomic mass in amu
| - avogardo's number 6.022 x 10e23
56
Empirical formula
- formula for a compound that gives the smallest whole number ratio of each atom
57
Molecular formula
- formula for compound that gives specific number of each atom in molecule
