Definitions

Question 1

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 1

• An account given by people of an event they have witnessed
• Such as a description of a robbery or road accident
• Could include identification of perpetrators or a crime scene

Question 2

Crime

Answer 2

• A deviant behavior against the law
• appropriate treatment is used to avoid re-offending
• Violates social norms , moral values religious beliefs or legal boundaries.
• Children s act 2004 which made smacking an offence similar to assault

Question 3

Anti-social behavior

Answer 3

• Not an actual crime
• Has negative effect in people in society
• Could become a crime at some stage
• Likely to cause alarm, harassment or distress
• Such as excessive noise , abusive language or spitting

Question 4

Recidivism

Answer 4

• Repeat offending after receiving punishment
• the behavior should have been extinguished
• Can be measured statistically by looking at the percentage of former prisoners who are re-arrested

Question 5

Token economy

Answer 5

• Form of behavior modification based on operant conditioning
• encourages pro-social behavior
• Involves awarding tokens to offenders if a desired behavior is showed and repeated

Question 6

Stereotyping

Answer 6

• Standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions
• Think of a whole group as having certain characteristics based upon evidence of an individual
• Stereotype a person who is wearing a hoodie as someone who makes trouble

Question 7

Modelling

Answer 7

• Imitating the behavior of others
• Pay attention to criminal behavior being demonstrated and will reproduce if given motivation to do so
• Bandura saw the child modelling aggressive behavior observed towards the bobo doll.