Definitions

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

Minerals are a natural resource found in rocks.

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outer layer of the Earth, it includes the crust and the upper mantle.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

An extremely hot mixture of molten rock and gasses composed in the mantle.

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

Material broken down by erosion that is moved around by wind and water. It can collect in layers.

Question 5

Native elements

Answer 5

Elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust.

Question 6

Crystals

Answer 6

A substance that can be shaped in 7 different ways. The atoms that make it up and the conditions around the crystal during growth determine what shape it is.

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

The appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

The colour of a mineral once turned into a fine powder.

Question 9

Hardness

Answer 9

The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a mineral.

Question 10

Igneous rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that are formed by cooled down lava.

Question 11

Extrusive rocks

Answer 11

A form of igneous rock that exited the crust in a molten form.

Question 12

Viscosity

Answer 12

The measure of how thick a fluid is.

Question 13

Lava

Answer 13

Magma that has reached the atmosphere.

Question 14

Molten

Answer 14

Another word for melt.

Question 15

Pumice

Answer 15

A rock that forms from lava that cools down midair.

Question 16

Scoria

Answer 16

A rock found in lava that cools down quickly.

Question 17

Abrasive

Answer 17

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another.

Question 18

Basalt

Answer 18

A hard rock with crystals in it, it is formed by lava quickly cooling.

Question 19

Obsidian

Answer 19

A glassy rock that is formed by cooling lava with extreme speed

Question 20

Intrusive rocks

Answer 20

A rock that is formed when magma cools under the surface.

Question 21

Batholith

Answer 21

A rock mass that can measure over 100 kilometres across.

Question 22

Granite

Answer 22

A hard rock with crystals big enough to see in it, it has a slow formation process.

Question 23

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 23

Rocks that are formed by sediments.

Question 24

Erosion

Answer 24

The gradual destruction of a natural agent.

Question 25

Floodplain

Answer 25

An area beside a river where sediments are disposed during a flood.

Question 26

Glaciers

Answer 26

Large amounts of ice that move down slopes, pushing rocks and gravel in their path.

Question 27

Moraine

Answer 27

The aftermath of a glacier.

Question 28

Sandstone

Answer 28

A sedimentary rock made up of sand.

Question 29

Mudstone

Answer 29

Sedimentary rock without layering.

Question 30

Shale

Answer 30

Sedimentary rock that is made up of clay.

Question 31

Siltstone

Answer 31

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone.

Question 32

Conglomerate

Answer 32

Sedimentary rock made up of large particles with varying sizes.

Question 33

Limestone

Answer 33

Sedimentary rock formed by the remains of sea organisms.

Question 34

Coal

Answer 34

Sedimentary rock made of dead plants and animals that were buried before completely rotting.

Question 35

Rock salt

Answer 35

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake dried.

Question 36

Metamorphism

Answer 36

The process that changes rocks with high pressure, heat or both.

Question 37

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 37

A rock formed from another rock that has been under extreme heat, pressure or both.

Question 38

Slate

Answer 38

Shale that has been under extreme heat and pressure.

Question 39

Marble

Answer 39

Limestone that has be under extreme pressure.

Question 40

Gneiss

Answer 40

Granite that has been exposed to extreme pressure.

Question 41

Mineral ores

Answer 41

Rocks mined to obtain metal.

Question 42

Mining

Answer 42

Extracting minerals from the Earth

Question 43

Environmental impact statement

Answer 43

Study of the possible effects of a project on the environment.

Question 44

Rehabilitated

Answer 44

An item restored to its previous condition.

Question 45

Overburden

Answer 45

Waste rock removed from the bottom of the topsoil.

Question 46

Open-cut mining

Answer 46

Mining that is done in an open area.

Question 47

Underground mining

Answer 47

Mining that is done in shafts deep underground

Question 48

Mineral ores

Answer 48

Rocks mined to obtain metal.

Question 49

Mining

Answer 49

Extracting minerals from the Earth

Question 50

Environmental impact statement

Answer 50

Study of the possible effects of a project on the environment.

Question 51

Rehabilitated

Answer 51

An item restored to its previous condition.

Question 52

Overburden

Answer 52

Waste rock removed from the bottom of the topsoil.

Question 53

Open-cut mining

Answer 53

Mining that is done in an open area.

Question 54

Underground mining

Answer 54

Mining that is done in shafts deep underground

Question 55

Stone Age

Answer 55

The time about 2 million years ago where humans used stone for most of their tools.

Question 56

Alloy

Answer 56

The mixture of a metal and another metal or non-metal material.

Question 57

Flint

Answer 57

A sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken.

Question 58

Percussion flaking

Answer 58

The process in which stones are struck with harder stones to make tools.

Question 59

Fossil

Answer 59

Any remains of plants or animals from another period of time.

Question 60

Palaeontologist

Answer 60

A scientist that studies fossils.

Question 61

Folding

Answer 61

The buckling of rocks caused by pressure.

Question 62

Relative age

Answer 62

The age of a rock compared to another rock.

Question 63

Carnivores

Answer 63

Organisms that eat meat.

Question 64

Scavengers

Answer 64

Organisms that eat both plant and meat matter.

Question 65

Mould

Answer 65

The cavity in a rock that shows the hard parts of an organism.

Question 66

Trace fossils

Answer 66

Fossils that give evidence that an organism was present when a rock was formed.

Question 67

Extinct

Answer 67

Volcanos that are no longer active.