Definitions Flashcards
(30 cards)
absolute zero
the temperature at which substance has minimum ener
specific heat capacity
energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by unit temperature
thermal equilibrium
if there is no net heat transfer between two objects
latent heat of vaporisation
the energy required to change a liquid into a gas at a constant temperature
latent heat of fusion
the energy required to change a solid to a liquid at a constant temperature
internal energy
sum of the random kinetic energy and potential energy of molecules in a substance
assumptions of the kinetic model of ideal gases
- elastic collisions with the walls of the container
- forces between molecules are negligible except during collisions
- time of collisions much compared to the time between molecules
- volume of molecules is negligible compared to volume of container
Boyle’s law
pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature
mole of a substance
6.02x10^23 particles of the substance
Newton’s first law
a body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity unless acted on by a force
Newton’s second law
the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the net force acting on it in the direction of the force
Newton’s third law
when one body exerts a force on another body the other body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first body
linear momentum
mass x velocity
principle of conservation of linear momentum
total momentum is conserved for a closed system
elastic collision
kinetic energy is conserved
inelastic collision
where there is some loss of kinetic energy in a collision
impulse of a force
force x time for which the force acts
gravitational field strength
force per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field
Newton’s law of gravitation
gravitational force between two masses is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Kepler’s third law
the cube of the distance from the planet to the sun divided by the orbital period squared is the same for all planet’s
conditions for circular motion
resultant force acts perpendicular to he velocity
geostationary orbit
an equatorial orbit with a period equal to the rotation period of the earth and in the same direction of the earths rotation
radian
53.7 degrees
simple harmonic motion
- acceleration is proportional to the displacement
2. acceleration is directed in the opposite direction the displacement
