Flashcards in Definitions Deck (32):
1
Necrosis
In a living organism, the morphological changes that occur after a cell has been dead some time.
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Apoptosis
Programmed cell death, with shrinkage
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Gangrene
Grossly visible necrosis
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Infarct
Area of dead tissue- necrosis caused by acute ischaemia
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Starlings law
Fluid flow across vessels is determined by balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure across plasma and interstitial fluid
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Acute inflammation
Response of living tissue to injury - aims to protect body against infection.
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Chronic inflammation
Chronic response to injury with associated fibrosis
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Granulomatous inflammation
Chronic inflammation with granulomas
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Autocrine signalling
Cell responds to signalling molecules they produce
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Intracrine signalling
Cell synthesises a factor which binds to intracellular receptor in the cell- not secreted.
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Paracrine signalling
Cells produce signalling molecule that acts on adjacent cells
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Endocrine signalling
Hormone synthesised by cells in endocrine organ, conveyed in the blood stream to target cell.
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Haemostasis
The body's response to stop bleeding and loss of blood
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Thrombosis
Formation of a solid mass of blood within the circulatory system during life.
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Embolism
Blockage of a blood vessel by solid, liquid or gas at a site distant from its origin
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Atheroma
Accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipid in the intima and media of large and medium sized arteries
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Atherosclerosis
The thickening and hardening of arterial walls as a consequence of atheroma
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Arteriosclerosis
The thickening of the walks of arteries and arterioles, usually as a result of hypertension or diabetes mellitus
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Regeneration
Replacement of cell losses by identical cells to maintain tissue organ/size
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Hyperplasia
Increase in tissue/organ see due to increased cell numbers
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Hypertrophy
Increase in tissue/organ size due to increase in cell size
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Atrophy
Shrinkage of a tissue/organ due to an acquired decrease in size &/or number of cells
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Metaplasia
Reversible change of 1 differentiated cell type to another
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Aplasia
Complete failure of a specific tissue/organ to develop
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Hypoplasia
Congenital! Underdevelopment/incomplete development of a tissue/organ. Inadequate number of cells within the tissues present (on a spectrum with Aplasia)
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Dysplasia
Abnormal maturation of cells within a tissue. Reversible. As pre-neoplastic alteration in which cells show disordered tissue/organ
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Reconstitution
Replacement of a lost body part. Requires coordinated responses of several types of cell
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Involution
Normal programmed shrinkage of an organ
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Atresia
No orifice
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Benign neoplasia
The abnormal growth of cells p, which persists after initiating stimulus has been removed. Irreversible.
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Malignant neoplasia
Abnormal growth of cells which persists after initiating stimulus has been removed and invades surrounding tissue with potential to spread to distant sites.
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