Definitions

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

the scientific study of social behaviour, its origins, development, organization, and institutions.

Question 2

sociology of sport

Answer 2

a field in a sub discipline of sociology that studies sports as parts of social and cultural life

Question 3

sport

Answer 3

institutionalized competitive activities that involve vigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by individuals whose participation is motivated by a combination of personal enjoyment and external rewards

Question 4

sociological imagination

Answer 4

the ability to go beyond ones immediate life issues and troubles and connect them to society’s broader characteristics

Question 5

comparative sensitivity

Answer 5

learning how a sport has been socially constructed according to different meanings and forms in various cultures

Question 6

critical sensitivity

Answer 6

a willingness to think and act critically

Question 7

agency

Answer 7

the ability of a group to act independently in a goal-directed manner and to pursue their own free choice

Question 8

power

Answer 8

the ability to get things done

Question 9

hegemony

Answer 9

• political or cultural dominance or authority over others
• hegemony of the popular kids over other students means that they determine what is and what isn’t cool
• comes from Greek “hegemon” meaning “leader”

Question 10

cartel

Answer 10

a group of two or more firms that formally agree to coordinate their production and pricing decisions to maximize profit

Question 11

monopoly

Answer 11

market with only one seller

Question 12

monopsony

Answer 12

market with only one buyer (MLB, NHL, NBA, NFL)

Question 13

lockout

Answer 13

an employer-imposed work stoppage that suspends all games and practices until the dispute is resolved and the CBA (Collective Bargaining Agreement) is revised to the owners’ (and players’) satisfaction

Question 14

strike

Answer 14

a work stoppage in which employees refuse to work until a labor dispute is resolved and the players (and owners) agree to sign a new CBA (Collective Bargaining Agreement)

Question 15

social stratification

Answer 15

• refers to structured forms of economic inequalities that are part of the organization of everyday life
• these inequalities influence opportunities to meet personal goals (education, sport, occupation etc.)

Question 16

the American dream

Answer 16

a hopeful vision of boundless opportunities for individuals to succeed economically and live a happy life based on consumption

Question 17

meritocracy

Answer 17

a form of social organization in which rewards go to people who earn them due to their abilities and qualifications

Question 18

functionalism

Answer 18

a theory of society that focuses on the structures that create the society and on how the society is able to remain stable

Question 19

symbolic interactionism

Answer 19

looks at how every individual will give everything in their society a different meaning depending on their past experiences and expectations

Question 20

conflict theory

Answer 20

observes how the unrest in a society will cause it to change and evolve to relieve the tension

Question 21

critical theory

Answer 21

• combination, reflection, and development of conflict theory and symbolic interactionism (includes critical race theory)
• humans interpret and give meaning to the world and in doing so, challenge dominant ways of doing things

Question 22

feminist theory

Answer 22

champions the belief that women have rights and privileges of social life equal to men

Question 23

violence

Answer 23

the use of excessive physical force, which causes or is intended to cause harm or destruction

Question 24

aggression

Answer 24

verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate, control, or do harm to another person

Question 25

intimidation

Answer 25

words, gestures, and actions that threaten violence or aggression

Question 26

instinct theory

Answer 26

the fighting instinct in beast and man directed against others

Question 27

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 27

agression is a response to frustration

Question 28

social learning theory

Answer 28

violence is not natural but learned through social process and cultural understandings

Question 29

pygmalion effect and self-fulfilling prophesy

Answer 29

a false definition of the situation evokes a new behaviour which makes the original false conception come true

Question 30

cultural pluralism

Answer 30

- refers to the approach our country takes with regard to receiving and welcoming immigrants - Canada: we support newcomers in preserving their cultural identity - melting pot USA: immigrants are expected to shed their unique cultural practices, adopt new ones based on the values and beliefs of the host country. Process of assimilation.

Question 31

assimilation

Answer 31

when immigrants adopt the culture of the dominant group

Question 32

whitestream

Answer 32

mainstream for white people