Final Exam Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Define globalization.
A
a process or combination of processes through which the world is becoming an integrated place.
2
Q
Name and describe the 3 types of globalization.
A
- Economic: ex. growth of international brands
- Political: ex. WTO, IMF, EU
- Cultural: ex. blending of cultures
3
Q
Name 3 pros of sport labor markets.
A
- higher athlete salaries
- greater player rights
- more exposure for leagues
- no longer ultimate control of the owners
4
Q
Name 3 cons of sport labor markets.
A
- reduced many leagues to be considered minor leagues
- no longer the hometown athlete bond
- rich teams, countries and leagues get the majority of the benefits
5
Q
Name 3 pros of globalization and promotion of sport.
A
- switch from fan ticket revenue to new “revenue streams”
- increase in merchandise marketing
- global exposure of the sport
- major increase in revenue through pay TV
6
Q
Name 3 cons of globalization and promotion of sport.
A
- major leagues dominate
- traditional sports must compete with imported sports
- bigger is not necessarily better
7
Q
Define physical literacy.
A
the mastering of fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills that permit a child to read their environment and make appropriate decisions, allowing them to move confidently and with control in a wide range of physical activity situations
8
Q
What are the pros and cons of a alumni funded model?
A
PROS
- better teams get better funding
- teams with successful alumni get more money
- no money is taken from the school
CONS
- alumni bail
- don’t follow school guidelines
- school can lose control
9
Q
Give 4 reasons why governments intervene in sport?
A
- ideological instrument for social cohesion (ex. national unity)
- sport as a instrument for economic development (ex. hosts bring in revenue)
- sport as a instrument of foreign policy (olympics in China to promote human rights)
- sport fostering social development and social inclusion (equality in gender, race)
10
Q
What is the overall goal of Canada Sport Plan 2012?
A
Canada is a leading sports nation where all Canadians can pursue sport to the extent of their abilities and interests
11
Q
What is the introduction portion of the Canada Sport Plan 2012?
A
develop fundamental skills, participate in organized and unorganized sports and have fun in a socially enjoyable environment
12
Q
What is the competitive sport portion of the Canada Sport Plan 2012?
A
opportunity to systemically improve and measure their performance against others
13
Q
Name the steps of LTAD.
A
- active start
- FUNdamentals
- learning to train
- training to train
- learning to compete
- training to compete
- learning to win
- winning for a living
- retainment/active for life
14
Q
What are the windows of trainability? (CTD)
A
- Time when children are ready and able to develop fundamental sport skills and abilities such as running, jumping and throwing
- able to improve their speed, agility and balance, which are related sport skills
15
Q
What is the typical PHV (peak height velocity) of a female?
A
12-13
16
Q
What is the typical PHV (peak height velocity) of a male?
A
13-14
17
Q
Youth training before PHV (peak height velocity) should consist of:
A
- gymnastics
- core skills
- lots of sports
18
Q
What are the pros and cons of the late bloomer?
A
Pros: more time to develop skill
Cons: typically don’t make teams based on size
19
Q
Why is the windows of trainability important to realize?
A
Children who do not develop their fundamental motor skills by age 12 are unlikely to reach their genetic athletic potential
20
Q
Current emphasis on outcome based on sport means what:
A
- developmental athletes over-compete and under-train
- Parents are not educated about LTAD
- There is no talent identification system
- Sports specialize too early in an attempt to attract and retain participants
- Fundamental movement skills and sport skills are not taught properly
- Preparation is geared to the short-term outcome of winning, and not to the process
- Chronological rather than developmental age (maturity) is used in training/competition planning
21
Q
What are the goals of the Alberta Sports Plan?
A
- improve gender equity and programming for under-represented populations
- use sport as a social development tool for youth at risk and economically disadvantaged families
- strive for excellence through the provision of opportunities to achieve inter-provincially, nationally and internationally
- improve the health of individuals through increased physical literacy and physical activity
- compliment education goals, shared resources and knowledge in support of the holistic growth and development of children
22
Q
Describe power & performance sports in the future.
A
- will be the dominant sport form in the immediate future
- sponsors will give priority to these sports
23
Q
Describe pleasure & participation sports in the future.
A
- will grow as “connections” are given priority over confrontation and domination
- sponsorships will be difficult to obtain and maintain for these sports
24
Q
Power & performance sports will remain dominant, but questions will be raised about what 3 things?
A
- the use of technology to push human limits
- fairness and the use of biotechnology
- injuries, ethics, and access to training and participation
25
4 factors producing growth in growth & pleasure sports will be:
- concerns about health and fitness
- participation preferences among older people
- values brought to sports by women
- groups seeking alternative sports
26
What will happen with pro sports in the future?
- they will become increasingly global
- new sports/leagues will develop, most will fail
- consumption > sports
- top athletes will be global celebrities
- pro athletes will gain autonomy and power but will mostly use it to enhance careers and income
27
What will happen with spectators and spectator sports in the future?
- rate of watching sports will increase
- wider range of sports will be watched on cable stations
- internet will become the key source for spectator consumption (new experiences, new ways of connecting with athletes)
- gambling will increase
28
What will happen with the cyber world in sports in the future?
- TV and internet help spread awareness and knowledge of sport
- the media will be sites where corporations and sports merge interests
- video and virtual games enable spectators to simulate sport experiences and create new "sport" challenges
29
What will happen with organization and specialization of sport in the future?
- Increased use of technical & scientific specialists in most sports
- Highly organized sport programs will continue to be popular at all levels
- Emphasis on measurable achievement, records, and competitive outcomes as they watch and play
30
What will happen with sport consumerism in the future?
- Entertainment and consumption will be the major organizing principles in sports
- The quest for profits and economic expansion will influence the meaning and organization of sports
- Major corporations will own more sport teams, facilities, and events
- Sport science will be used as much for marketing as for other purposes
31
What will happen with diversity and equality issues in sports in the future?
- Struggles over gender equity will continue, and grow especially in developing nations
- A major challenge will be how to handle increasing ethnic diversity caused by increased global labor migration
32
Athletes have celebrity and market status, but why do they have little power?
- If athletes endorse deep changes in society they risk losing support and media coverage
- To become change agents, athletes require the support of established organizations
33
Name 4 approaches for change in the future of sports.
- Work within the system of sports
- Join “opposition” groups
- Create alternative sports
- Focus on culture and social relations
34
What would a plan for change in sports consist of?
- Visions of what sports and social life could and should be like
- Willingness to work hard to put visions into actions
- Political abilities to rally the resources needed to produce results
35
Popular sports in Canada:
- hockey
- soccer
- golf
- basketball
36
Development of athletes in Canada:
- LTAD (7 stages, sport for life)
| - school systems
37
Funding of sports in Canada:
- government (Sports Canada): provides programs, funding for high performance athletes
- funding has increase in the past 10 years
- scholarships
38
Popular sports in Australia:
- football
- cricket
- rugby
- horse racing
- motor sports
39
Development of athletes in Australia:
- U17 development squad (incl. training and education)
- no development system through school (many go abroad)
- more participation in children than adults
- AIS: world class facility
40
Funding of sports in Australia:
- government puts in lots of money for sport
| - extreme talent ID
41
Popular sports in China:
- martial arts
- ping pong
- badminton
- soccer
- basketball
- Chinese chess
- meditation
42
Development of athletes in China:
- extremely early with diligent training
- big emphasis on sports for athletes (sports schools)
- easy to afford
43
Funding of sports in China:
- prior to 1990's was all government funded
| - now funded by sports clubs, sponsors etc.
44
Popular sports in Iran:
- freestyle wrestling (national sport)
- football (soccer)
- basketball
- weight lifting
- polo
45
Development of athletes in Iran:
- non-systemic approach (random)
- talent ID
- choose athletes based on position within championship games
- national program for youth/adolescent development
- begin at young age (12) with 1-5 years of tests/training
- males are primarily the athletes and spectators
46
Funding of sports in Iran:
- little government funding
| - Palestinian youth support fund (most funds provide only for kids with other futuristic intensions)
47
Popular sports in Denmark:
- football
- aquatics
- gymnastics
48
Development of athletes in Denmark:
- facility in Copenhagen
49
Funding of sports in Denmark:
- all government funded
- scholarships available, but limited (only elite)
- 1000 top athletes supported by national federation
50
Popular sports in Germany:
- Fussball (soccer)
- golf
- ice hockey
- hand ball
- basketball
- motor sport
51
Development of athletes in Germany:
- the GOAL study: German young olympic athlete's lifestyle management study
- practice and play development
- kids are put into sport schools early on and then are given opportunities for elite sport schools
- mostly club based
- good general PE programs, not much sport specific stuff
52
Funding of sports in Germany:
- Germany Sports Aid Foundation
- not much funding from the government
- pro teams donate
53
Popular sports in Russia:
- basketball
- hockey
- football
- handball
- rugby
- weightlifting
54
Development of athletes in Russia:
- conjugate sequence system
- initially: simultaneous training of several motor abilities. Wide multi-lateral skill approach
- as the athletes mature, they specialize (fundamental motor skill pool exists so athletes can choose)
- dependent on ability, strength, skill
55
Funding of sports in Russia:
- government grants available
56
Popular sports in the USA:
- football
- baseball
- basketball
- hockey
- tennis
- bowling
- golf
57
Development of athletes in the USA:
- 4 stages
| - higher level development
58
Funding of sports in the USA:
no general provide funding
59
Popular sports in South Africa:
- soccer
- rugby
- cricket
- tennis
- field hockey
60
Development of athletes in South Africa:
- competitiveness delayed until teen years
- competition happens at 13, 16, and 18
- athletics are based in schools
61
Funding of sports in South Africa:
- funded by SRSA provides opportunity
| - Sa SCOC provides funding for high performance athletes
62
Popular sports in Brazil:
- soccer/football
- volleyball
- basketball
- MMA (capoeira)
63
Development of athletes in Brazil:
- private clubs
| - government
64
Funding of sports in Brazil:
- government: sport incentive
| - private sectors
