Definitions

Question 1

Array

Answer 1

A finite, ordered set of elements of the same type.

Question 2

Overflow

Answer 2

reached maximum size but trying to push

Question 3

Underflow

Answer 3

empty but trying to pop.

Question 4

Stacks

Answer 4

Items are added to the top of the stack and removed from the front.Used to hold return addresses when subroutines are called, when you press back in browser and undo in word processing.

Question 5

List

Answer 5

An abstract data type consisting of a number of items which may occur more than once.

Question 6

Pop

Answer 6

removing and returning an item from data strucutre

Question 7

Push

Answer 7

Adding an item to a data structure

Question 8

Queue

Answer 8

An ordered collection of items where new elements are added at the end of a queue and removed from the front of the queue. Used for waiting to print (queue on disk)

Question 9

Dynamic Data Structure

Answer 9

A collection of data in memory that has the ability to increase or decrease in size while a program is running

Question 10

Static Data Structure

Answer 10

A collection of data in memory that is fixed in size and cannot increase or decrease in size while the program is running.

Question 11

Abstract data types

Answer 11

a data type created by the programmer rather than defined in a programming language.

Question 12

Records

Answer 12

To store data permanently so you can read and update it at future dates. (Database)

Question 13

Tuples

Answer 13

A dynamic data structure where the elements do not have to be the same type, and the number of elements in tuple can increase or decrease.

Question 14

2-dimensional array

Answer 14

A collection of data items of the same data type Under one identifier but uses two index numbers. It can be represented as a table.

Question 15

Compression

Answer 15

reduce the storage space of files on disk.

Question 16

Lossy compression

Answer 16

non-essential information is removed from the original file.

Question 17

Lossless compression

Answer 17

retains all information required to replicate the original file exactly.

Question 18

Attribute

Answer 18

a property or characteristic of an entity.

Question 19

Flat file database

Answer 19

consists of a single file (one entity).

Question 20

Relational Databases

Answer 20

different entities in a system may be linked in some way, and the two entities are said to be related.

Question 21

Primary Key

Answer 21

An entity’s unique identifier, normally a numeric ID.

Question 22

Secodary Key

Answer 22

An index so that something can be quickly searched up. It would be quicker to search a secondary key like a name than a primary key ID.

Question 23

Index

Answer 23

so that a record can be quickly located in the database an index is maintained so that it will give the position of each record. Primary keys and other things that are often searched (secondary keys) are indexed.

Question 24

Foreign Key

Answer 24

the attribute that links the two entities/table (attribute that is common in both tables, can be more than one.)

Question 25

Composite Primary Key

Answer 25

A primary key which consists of more than one attribute. (used when there is a many to many relationship between entities.)

Question 26

Referral integrity

Answer 26

states relationships must be consistent, so when a primary key field changes so does the foreign key that has the link. And ensuring a primary key that is responsible for the link is not deleted

Question 27

Normalisation

Answer 27

a process used to come up with the best possible design for a relational database.

Question 28

Internet

Answer 28

is a network of networks set up to allow computers to communicate with each other globally, using the same protocol.

Question 29

The World Wide Web (WWW)-

Answer 29

is a collection of web pages that resides on computers connected to the Internet.

Question 30

Internet Service Providers

Answer 30

distributes internet connection to smaller providers who provide it to individual homes.

Question 31

Uniform Resource Locators(URLs)

Answer 31

the full address of an Internet source.

Question 32

Domain Names

Answer 32

identifies the area that an internet resource resides in

Question 33

Domain Name System(DNS)

Answer 33

a hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. It catalogues all domain names and has a table corresponding domain names to IP addresses

Question 34

Internet Protocol (IP addresses)

Answer 34

A unique address that is assigned to a network device.

Question 35

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Answer 35

are distributed around different regions and can connect to multiple LANs. Also uses packet switching.

Question 36

Local Area Networks (LANs)

Answer 36

Is small and local consisting of a number of computing devices on a single site, connected by cables.

Question 37

Physical Bus Topology(Bus network)

Answer 37

in a LAN each node is connected to a main cable.

Question 38

Physical topology

Answer 38

how the network is interconnected with wires and cables.

Question 39

Logical topology

Answer 39

the communication mechanism for all nodes in a network and how they communicate across physical topology.

Question 40

Wi-fi

Answer 40

a local area wireless technology that enables you to connect a device such as a PC to a network resource

Question 41

Circuit switching

Answer 41

creates a direct link between two devices for the duration of the communication.

Question 42

Packet switching

Answer 42

Splits data into packets and send the data across a network. There can be multiple transmission at different frequencies meaning the bandwidth is in constant use

Question 43

Routers

Answer 43

used to connect to another network, traversing between them is called a hop.

Question 44

Gateways

Answer 44

Going from one network to another network with a different protocol requires a gateway.

Question 45

Media Access Control (MAC) addresses

Answer 45

Every computer device has NIC which has has its own MAC address which uniquely identifies the device.

Question 46

Protocol

Answer 46

a set of rules defining common methods of data communication. These rules need to be standard across all devices in order for them to communicate to each other.

Question 47

JavaScript

Answer 47

programs the behaviour of the web page

Question 48

HTML

Answer 48

a language used for creating web pages and web applications. The code describes the content and structure of a web page.

Question 49

CSS

Answer 49

a scripting language similar to HTML that is used to describe the layout and styles of a web page. (describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media).

Question 50

Client-server networking

Answer 50

One or more computers are known as clients and are connected to a powerful central computer (the server). The client is dependent on the server to provide and manage the information, and all data is stored on the server. In a large network there may be many servers, each performing different tasks.