Definitions

Question 1

Sinusitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of one or more sinuses

Question 2

Rhinitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the nasal lining

Question 3

Epistaxis

Answer 3

Bleeding from the nose

Question 4

Laryngitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the larynx

Question 5

Tracheitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the trachea

Question 6

Dyspnoea

Answer 6

Difficulty in breathing

Question 7

Apnoea

Answer 7

Cessation of breathing

Question 8

Tachypnoea

Answer 8

Increased breathing rate

Question 9

Orthopnoea

Answer 9

Dyspnoea in lateral recumbency (when patient is lying down)

Question 10

Myocarditis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart

Question 11

Endocarditis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the endocardium (endothelial membrane lining the cavities of the heart), most commonly involving a heart valve

Question 12

Endocardiosis

Answer 12

Chronic fibrosis and thickening of the atrioventricular valves

Question 13

Tachycardia

Answer 13

Rapid heart rate

Question 14

Bradycardia

Answer 14

Slow heart rate

Question 15

Pericarditis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the pericardium (sac around the heart)

Question 16

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

Primary disease of the heart muscle

Question 17

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 17

Compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

Question 18

Dysphagia

Answer 18

Difficulty swallowing

Question 19

Coprophagia

Answer 19

Eating of faeces

Question 20

Anorexia

Answer 20

Absence of appetite

Question 21

Pica

Answer 21

Depraved appetite (e.g eating of unusual foodstuff)

Question 22

Inappetence

Answer 22

Reduced appetite

Question 23

Polyphagia

Answer 23

Increased appetite

Question 24

Megaoesophagus

Answer 24

Flaccid dilation of oesophagus

Question 25

Regurgitation

Answer 25

Passive process of returning ingesta, usually from oesophagus

Question 26

Vomiting

Answer 26

Active process of expelling stomach contents

Question 27

Diarrhoea

Answer 27

Increased passage of abnormally softer liquid faeces

Question 28

Tenesmus

Answer 28

Straining to pass faeces

Question 29

Dyschezia

Answer 29

Pain on defecation

Question 30

Melaena

Answer 30

Dark tar-like faeces containing digested blood

Question 31

Constipation

Answer 31

Failure to pass faeces of normal frequency or consistency

Question 32

Hepatitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the liver

Question 33

Cirrhosis

Answer 33

A degenerative change, causing fibrosis of the organ, resulting in a loss of functional cells and therefore a loss in normal function

Question 34

Ascites

Answer 34

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 35

Jaundice

Answer 35

Elevated levels of bilirubin in the tissues and circulation, resulting in s yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes

Question 36

Nephritis

Answer 36

Inflammation of the kidney

Question 37

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 37

Inflammation of the glomerulus

Question 38

Pyelonephritis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

Question 39

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 39

Inflammation of the renal interstitum

Question 40

Cystitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 41

Urinary incontinence

Answer 41

Involuntary passing of urine

Question 42

Urinary Tenesmus

Answer 42

Straining to pass urine

Question 43

Haematuria

Answer 43

The presence of blood in the urine

Question 44

Polyuria

Answer 44

Passing of increased volumes of urine

Question 45

Dysuria

Answer 45

Difficulty and pain passing urine

Question 46

Oliguria

Answer 46

Reduced urine production

Question 47

Anuria

Answer 47

Absence of urine production

Question 48

Pollakiuria

Answer 48

Abnormal frequency of urination (used in paediatrics, where it is a benign condition), passing very small amounts of urine

Question 49

Convulsions

Answer 49

A series of involuntary contractions of the muscles

Question 50

Seizures

Answer 50

Clinical manifestation of a paroxysmal cerebral disorder resulting from a transitory disturbance of brain function due to abnormal electrical activity

Question 51

Epilepsy

Answer 51

An intracranial disorder that produces recurrent seizures

Question 52

Status Epilepticus

Answer 52

Life threatening series of epileptic spasms without intervals of consciousness

Question 53

Paresis

Answer 53

Weakness of one or more limbs

Question 54

Hemiplegia

Answer 54

Paralysis of one side of the body

Question 55

Paraplegia

Answer 55

Paralysis of the caudal limbs

Question 56

Tetraplegia

Answer 56

Paralysis of all four limbs

Question 57

Myosotis

Answer 57

Inflammation of a voluntary muscle

Question 58

Tendinitis

Answer 58

Inflammation of a tendon

Question 59

Arthritis

Answer 59

Inflammation of a joint

Question 60

Alopecia

Answer 60

The absence of hair from the areas of the skin where it is normally present; can be partial or complete, symmetrical or patchy, diffuse or focal

Question 61

Erythema

Answer 61

Reddening of the skin

Question 62

Pyoderma

Answer 62

A pyogenic (pus-forming, e.g infected) condition of the skin

Question 63

Puritus

Answer 63

Sensation within the skin that provokes the desire to scratch

Question 64

Seborrhoea

Answer 64

Excessive secretion of sebum by the sebaceous glands within the skin, giving the coat and skin an oily appearance