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PE-Exercise Physiology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Fixator

A

One muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another part moves

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2
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle shortens to produce tension

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3
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle lengthens to produce tension

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4
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle contacts but does not change length

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5
Q

DOMS (delayed onset of muscle soreness)

A

Pain and stiffness in muscles, which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Circulation of blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs and pulmonary veins back to the heart

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7
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart

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8
Q

Ligament

A

Connects one to bone

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9
Q

Joint

A

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create movement

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10
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Reduces friction

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Absorbs shock

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12
Q

Joint capsule

A

Strengthens joint secreting synovial Fluid

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13
Q

Bursa

A

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

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14
Q

Myogenic

A

The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscles to contract

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15
Q

Bradycardia

A

A resting heart rate below 60bpm

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16
Q

Sub maximal

A

Low to moderate intensity exercise within a performers aerobic capacity

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17
Q

Venous return

A

Return of the blood to the right atria through the veins

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18
Q

Frank starling mechanism

A

Increased venous return leads to increased SV, due to an increased stretch of the ventricular walls and therefore force of contraction

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19
Q

Maximal

A

A high intensity of exercise above a performers aerobic capacity that will induce fatigue

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR

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22
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A

The redistribution Of cardiac output around the body from rest to exercise which increases the percentage of blood flow to the skeletal muscles

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23
Q

Breathing rate

A

No. Of inspirations and expiration’s per minute

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24
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air inspired and expired per breath

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25
Minute ventilation
Volume of air inspired and expired per minute
26
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Graph showing relationship between partial pressure of oxygen and percentage saturation of haemoglobin
27
Bohr shift
A move in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right caused by increased acidity in the blood stream
28
Intermittent exercise
Activity where the intensity alternates
29
Myoglobin
A protein molecule that helps with the transport of oxygen
30
VO2 max
Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise
31
EPOC
The volume of oxygen consumed post exercise to return the body to pre exercise state
32
Altitude
The Height above sea level
33
Barometric pressure
Pressure exerted by the earths atmosphere at any given point
34
Acclimatisation
Process of gradual adaptation to a change in environment
35
Cardiovascular drift
During prolonged exercise in the heat a rise in core body temp can cause cardiovascular drift: an upward drift in heart rate associated with a rise in body temp
36
Energy expenditure
The sum of basal metabolic rate and Thermic effect of food and the energy expended through physical activity
37
Basal metabolic rate
Minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological function at rest
38
Thermic effect of food
The energy required to eat digest absorb and use food taken in
39
Energy intake
Total amount of energy from food and drink consumed
40
Macro cycle
Long term training plan (1 year)
41
Meso cycle
Mid term training plan (6 weeks)
42
Micro cycle
Short term training cycle ( 1 week)
43
Tapering
Maintaining the intensity but decreasing the volume of training by one third to prepare for competition
44
Aerobic capacity
The ability of the body to inspire, transport l, and utilise oxygen to perform sustained periods of aerobic capacity
45
Static strength
Forced is applied against a resistance without movement occurring
46
Dynamic strength
Force is applied against a resistance with movement occurring
47
Maximum strength
The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in an single muscular contraction
48
Explosive strength
The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid contractions
49
Strength endurance
The ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions overtime
50
Muscle hyperplasia
Increased number of muscle fibres
51
Static flexibility
Range of motion about a joint without reference to speed of movement
52
Dynamic flexibility
Range of motion about a joint with reference to speed of movement
53
Maintenance stretching
Warm up, maintain current ROM
54
Development stretching
Designed to improve ROM at a joint
55
Static active stretching
A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position without any assistance
56
Static passive stretching
A performer moves the joint just beyond its point of resistance with assistance and holds for 10-30 seconds
57
HDL cholesterol
Actively remove cholesterol from aterial walls and transport to the liver
58
LDL cholesterol
Deposit cholesterol in the arterial walls
59
Acute injury
A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event
60
Dislocation
The displacement of one bone from another out of their original position
61
Subluxation
An incomplete or partial dislocation
62
Haematoma
Internal bleeding
63
Sprain
Overstretch in the ligament that connects bone to bone
64
Strain
Overstretch in the muscle or tendon that connects muscle to bone
65
Abrasion
Damage to skin caused by scraping
66
Chronic injury
A slowly developed injury associated with overuse
67
Stress fracture
Tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse
68
Tendinosis
The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain
69
SALTAPS
Protocol for assessment of sporting injury ``` Stop Ask Look Touch Active Passive Strength testing ```
70
PRICE
``` Protocol for treatment of acute injuries Protect Rest Ice Compress Elevate ```
71
Six R’s
Protocol for recognition of concussion ``` Recognise Remove Refer Rest Recover Return ```
72
Friction
The force that opposes the motion of two surface in contact
73
Centre of mass
The point at which an object or a body is balanced in all directions; the point at which the weight appears to act
74
Mechanical advantage
Second class lever systems where the effort arm is greater then the load arm. Large load can be moved by small effort
75
Mechanical disadvantage
Third class lever systems where load arm is greater then effort arm. Large effort is required to move a small load
76
Linear motion
Results from a direct force been applied to a body, movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all parts move the same distance in the same direction over the same time
77
Angular motion
Movement of a body in a circular path about an axis of rotation
78
Eccentric force
A force applied outside the centre of mass, resulting in angular motion
79
Moment of inertia
Resistance of a body to change its state of angular motion or rotation
80
Angular velocity
The rate of change in Angular displacement or rate of rotation
81
Angular momentum
The quantity of angular motion possessed by a body
82
Conservation of angular momentum
Angular momentum is a conserved quantity which remains constant unless an external eccentric force is applied
83
Angular analogue of Newton’s first law of motion
A rotating body will continue to turn about an axis or rotation with constant angular momentum unless acted upon by an eccentric force
84
Newton’s first law - law of inertia
A body continues In a state or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force
85
2nd law - law of acceleration
A body’s rate of change of momentum is proportional to the side of the force applied and acts in the same direction
86
3rd law - law of reaction
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
87
Drag
The force that opposes direction of motion through water
88
Magnus force
A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning body through moving air

PE-Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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