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Equine Evolutionary Anatomy > Definitions > Flashcards

Flashcards in Definitions Deck (19)
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1
Q

Define DORSAL

A

Dorsal means something is nearer the back of the animal than…
e.g. the backbone is dorsal to the stomach (think dorsal stripe/fin).

2
Q

Define VENTRAL

A

Ventral means something is nearer the underside of the animal than…
e.g. the breastbone is ventral to the heart

3
Q

Define CRANIAL (ANTERIOR)

A

Cranial means something is nearer to the skull of the animal than…
e.g. the diaphragm is cranial to the stomach

4
Q

Define CAUDAL (POSTERIOR)

A

Caudal means something is nearer to the tail of the animal than…
e.g. the ribs are caudal to the neck

5
Q

Define PROXIMAL

A

Proximal means something is closer to the body of the animal than…
e.g. the shoulder is proximal to the elbow
This is a term used for limb structures.

6
Q

Define DISTAL

A

Distal means something is further from the body of the animal than…
e.g. the ankle is distal to the knee.
This is a term used for limb structures

7
Q

Define MEDIAL

A

Medial means something is nearer to the midline of the animal than…
e.g. the bladder is medial to the hips

8
Q

Define LATERAL

A

Lateral means something is further from the midline of the animal than…
e.g. the ribs are lateral to the lungs

9
Q

Define ROSTAL

A

Rostal means something is towards the muzzle of the animal

e.g. there are more grey hairs on the rostal part of the head

10
Q

Define EXTENSION

A

Extension is to increase the angle formed by a hinge joint.

11
Q

Define FLEXION

A

Flexion is to decrease the angle formed by a hinge joint.

12
Q

Define ABDUCTION

A

Abduction is to move the limb away from the midline.

13
Q

Define ADDUCTION

A

Adduction is to move the limb towards the midline.

14
Q

What is the opposite of dorsal?

A

The opposite of dorsal is ventral.

15
Q

What is the opposite of cranial?

A

The opposite of cranial is caudal.

16
Q

What is the opposite of proximal?

A

The opposite of proximal is distal.

17
Q

What is the opposite of medial?

A

The opposite of medial is lateral.

18
Q

Define PALMAR

A

Palmar means something is towards the back of the forelimb

19
Q

Define PLANTAR

A

Planter means something is towards the back of the hind limb