Definitions Flashcards
(37 cards)
Eurocentrism
Adapting European methodology as the norm, colonist ideas taking over new land.
Ethnocentrism
Believing the European culture and value is superior than that of other cultures
Discipline of Native/Indigenous Studies
Still considered multi-disciplinary but Indigenous people have established their own unique identity, methodologies, and mandate in the discipline
Settler Self-indigenization
Practices of claiming Métis status through relying on mixed races ancestors
Edgar Dewdney
He was the Indian Commission for the Fort Walsh area. He did cut off the food rations to the Indigenous people living in this are for his own political and financial gain. He dispersed the Indigenous people from the land so that Canada could build the TransCanada Railroad through area that he had owned which is now known as Regina
How did starvation policy occur in Fort Walsh
Dewdney decided to close Fort Walsh, which acted as a distribution centre for food rations. Closing this made it so that no one had access to these rations.
Road Allowance Communities
People in the North West after the Red River Rebellion. They were living alongside roads within the official margins of road allowances. Homes often made of tar paper and scrap lumber. Because these people could not pay taxes their kids were refused from school. Were dependent on the government because work was scarce.
Powley Decision
Supreme court ruling that Metis people had Aboriginal hunting rights. Also made very clear that Canada had to deal with other existing Aboriginal rights of Metis people, very significant in identifying Metis identity and First Nations rights.
The Integral to a Distinctive Culture test
To uphold a right under section 35 of Constitution, it must be recognized as integral to the distinctive culture or way of life at the time of contact (in this case- fishing)
Kimelman Report
Kimelman the judge dictated that there was undoubtedly genocide of Indigenous people being committed by the government. The Kimelman Report had contributed to the major reforms in regards to Indigenous rights
Sixties Scoop
In the 1960’s, section 88 of the Indian Act allowed the province to enforce laws of child welfare on reserve land, which created a large increase in the amount of children that were now in foster care programs.
AIM
Known as adopt Indian and Metis, point was to move displaced Indian children to a white home. Only white homes were seen as fit. Just to be clear, they weren’t taken out of homes randomly, many of the parents were trying to get over trauma from residential schools which mostly was came with substance abuse, all of these homes and communities were held to a European standard
Section 88 of Indian Act
Allowed provincial control of child welfare to apply to children on reserve land as well. Is what allowed the Sixties Scoop to start.
Royal Proclamation
Declared that only the Crown could negotiate with First Nations for surrender of land. Land could only be acquired through formal agreements
Spirit and Intent
this refers to the sacred aspect of the treaties that are not reflected in the formal written provisions. It accounts for the fact that treaties occurred between two nations of people.
Permit system
Approval of Indian agents were required for Buying/selling any type of Agricultural products or equipment, gave complete control of farming to the government
Pass system
termed in 1885, all First nations on living on Reserve land required a pass to leave the reserve for any reason at all
Peasant farming policy
Peasant farming policy was approved which said that all seeding and harvesting done must be done by hand on individual plots of land. It drastically slowed down Indigenous farmers and helped the Immigrants that did not have the modern tools at the time.
W. G. Beers
Man from Montreal that attempted to make lacrosse part of Canada’s identity. He tried selling it as Canada’s game, tried incorporating a land component to the game. He started a tournament to put it on the international scale, then proceeds to banning Indigenous players from the sport.
Andy Paull
Indigenous rights activist, He does not relate to lacrosse in terms of ‘Canadian’ identity but instead as an Indigenous youth playing an INDIGENOUS sport.
He starts Lacrosse teams (ex: Squamish Lacrosse League) that end up making political statements/ he goes on to use his lacrosse contacts later on to help form various organizations (therefore redefines the game from the context to which is was introduced to him and uses it for his own purposes)
Midewiwin Society
Sometimes referred to as Grand Medicine Society, known for specialized and training and ritual health practices. Known for highly specialized training and ritual health practices
Bimaadiziwin
A central aspect of the Anishinabe worldview roughly translates to the good life. Insists to behave well and maintaining healthy lives is a moral act, while doing immoral things brings on sickness to you and your family.
Battle of Seven Oaks
Battle between the Hudson’s bay Company and the North West Company disputing of fur trading. The Metis won this war and it was the first time the flag was flown to celebrate the victory
Sayer Trial
Sayer trial reinforced the political and economic aspirations of Métis and it was considered a major victory and an important aspect of growing Métis nationalism (for Metis of Red River area)
