Definitions

Question 1

ENCAPSULATION

Answer 1

> Process of combining data members and functions in a single unit called class.
Prevent the access to the data directly.
Access to member function is provided through the functions of the class.
Helps with data hiding.

Question 2

char

Answer 2

Size = 1 byte (8 bits)
2^{8} = 256
One ASCII character
EX: ‘f’

Question 3

unsigned int

Answer 3

Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Binary int
*Positive numbers only

Question 4

float

Answer 4

Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Floating point number
EX: 3.141592

Question 5

double

Answer 5

Size = 8 bytes (64 bits)
2^{64}
Floating point number
EX: 3.141592653589793

Question 6

signed int

Answer 6

Size = 4 bytes (32 bits)
2^{32}
Binary int
*Half positive / half negative numbers 
** Using two's compliment to negate number

Question 7

Calculate a simple two’s compliment

Answer 7

• Flip bits
• Add 1
  Ex: 5 (0101)
  Flip: 1010
  Add 1: 1011

Question 8

%c

Answer 8

Single Character
Bytes = 1
Char / Signed Char = -128 - 127
Unsigned Char = 0 - 255

Question 9

%d

Answer 9

decimal integer

Question 10

%u

Answer 10

unsigned decimal integer

Question 11

%o

Answer 11

octal

Question 12

%x

Answer 12

unsigned hexidecimal number

Question 13

%f

Answer 13

decimal floating point

Question 14

%e

Answer 14

scientific notation

Question 15

%s

Answer 15

string

Question 16

%%

Answer 16

prints % symbol

Question 17

%f
%.nf
%mf
%m.nf

Answer 17

%f = default: show 6 decimal places
%.nf = Show nth decimal places
%mf = prints with minimum width m
%m.nf = n decimal places & minimum width m

Question 18

Front End Development

Answer 18

Build code for user interaction

EX: GUI, Phone APPS

Question 19

Back End Development

Answer 19

Code that works behind the scenes away from user interfacing. Low level progamming.
EX: Device drivers, complex algorithims

Question 20

Middleware

Answer 20

SW that bridges the low level and user high level SW

EX: Send BT CAN data to the GUI or APP

Question 21

Type Promotion

Answer 21

When the two operands have different types, the compiler attempts to add a type conversion to make the types the same.

Question 22

Casting

Answer 22

Occasions when you or the compiler may have to temporarily treat the variable as though it were of another type.

Question 23

Overflow

Answer 23

An operation results in a number that is too large to be represented by the result type of the operation.

Question 24

Underflow

Answer 24

An operation results in a number that is too small to be represented by the result type of the operation.

Question 25

Abstraction

Answer 25

Display only essential information and hiding the details.

Question 26

Const

Answer 26

Value does not change for the life of the program

Question 27

Prefix / Postfix opperators

Answer 27

++a / a++ | --b / b--

Question 28

Pointer referencing

Answer 28

Look up the ADDRESS of the variable location

Question 29

Pointer de-referncing

Answer 29

Get the variable data IN the address of the variable location

Question 30

Definition

Answer 30

The statement(s) of the task the function performs when called.

Question 31

Declaration

Answer 31

Statement of how the function is to be called

Question 32

Layout of a function

Answer 32

retVariableType functionName(parameter1, ... parameter2, ... ,parameterN) { statement(s); }

Question 33

Function Declaration

Answer 33

returnVariableType functionName(parameter1, ... parameter2, ... parameterN);

Question 34

Mutators

Answer 34

Functions that access and/or modify data values in classes

Question 35

Methods

Answer 35

Functions in classes

Question 36

Constructor

Answer 36

Special class functions which performs initialization of every object. The Compiler calls the Constructor whenever an object is created. Constructors initialize values to object members after storage is allocated to the object.

Question 37

Destructor

Answer 37

``` Destroy the class object. Important tasks of a destructor is releasing memory that was allocated by the class constructor and member functions. ```

Question 38

Pointer

Answer 38

Variable which holds the address of another variable of same data type. > Used to access memory and manipulate the address

Question 39

Pointer: &

Answer 39

Check this memory address EX: int var; &var - gives the memory address for the variable.

Question 40

Pointer Variable

Answer 40

Variable which holds an address of some other variable

Question 41

Pointer Initilization

Answer 41

Assigning address of a variable to a pointer variable

Question 42

Pointer Dereferecing

Answer 42

Access the value of the variable

Question 43

Double Pointer

Answer 43

Pointer to store the address of another pointer

Question 44

This

Answer 44

Pointer that returns its own address

Question 45

Mutators

Answer 45

Functions that access and/or modify data values in classes.