Definitions

Question 1

Inner Urban.

Answer 1

The innermost parts of a town or city.

Question 2

Sub-Urban.

Answer 2

The outer area of a town or city.

Question 3

Re-Urbanisation.

Answer 3

The recent trend for the population of city centres to grow - usually due to redevelopment of old industrial (brownfield) sites.

Question 4

Economic migrants.

Answer 4

People who move to another country to find work.

Question 5

Quality of Life.

Answer 5

The level of wealth and comfort experienced by any group of individual.

Question 6

Standards of Living.

Answer 6

Health, wealth and education.

Question 7

Greenfield site.

Answer 7

A site that had never been built on before, usually on the outskirts of cities or in farmland.

Question 8

Brownfield site.

Answer 8

A site that has been built on before, tends to be inner city.

Question 9

Deprivation.

Answer 9

Lacking features such as employment or basic services which are necessary for a reasonable standard of living.

Question 10

Carbon Cycle.

Answer 10

Constant cycling of carbon through the environment between the atmosphere, Earth’s crust, living organisms and oceans.

Question 11

Carbon Sinks.

Answer 11

Places where carbon is stored for long periods of time. More carbon is added than leaves.

Question 12

Carbon sources.

Answer 12

More carbon leaves than is added.

Question 13

Greenhouse Gases.

Answer 13

Gases which allow short-wave radiation to pass through but absorb and re-emit longwave radiation.

Question 14

Shortwave Radiation.

Answer 14

Light energy from the Sun (UV and Visible).

Question 15

Longwave Radiation.

Answer 15

Heat energy from the Sun (Infrared).

Question 16

Greenhouse Effect.

Answer 16

Natural process when the Earth’s atmosphere traps solar radiation warming the surface of the Earth.

Question 17

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.

Answer 17

Unnatural process where extra heat is trapped due to increasing levels of greenhouse gases produced by humans.

Question 18

Keeling curve.

Answer 18

Graph showing the rise of CO₂ in our atmosphere.

Question 19

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

Answer 19

A broad band of atmosphere that circles the tropical latitudes. The ITCZ is characterised by low pressure, cloud and heavy rain.

Question 20

Drought.

Answer 20

A long period of time with little precipitation, often several months or years.

Question 21

Insolation.

Answer 21

Solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface (energy received per cm² per minute).

Question 22

Jet stream.

Answer 22

A fast flowing (200km/h) current of air that circles the planet at a height of 10km.

Question 23

Global circulation.

Answer 23

World wide system of winds that transport heat from tropical to polar latitudes. Made up of several cells. It explains the location of climatic zones, ecosystems and weather hazards.

Question 24

Cells.

Answer 24

Circular air movements.

Question 25

Wind.

Answer 25

Large scale movements of air.

Question 26

Latitude.

Answer 26

Horizontal lines of the Earth.

Question 27

Longitude.

Answer 27

Vertical lines of the Earth.

Question 28

Monsoon.

Answer 28

A climate typical to Southern Asia where seasonal changes in the direction of prevailing winds causes wet and dry seasons. May-Sept: wet/winds from SW. Oct-Apr: dry/winds from NE. Due to the changing location of the ITCZ which is North in July.

Question 29

Maritime.

Answer 29

Influenced by the sea.

Question 30

Isobar.

Answer 30

Lines that join places of equal pressure. The close the isobars are on a weather map the stronger the wind will be.

Question 31

Synoptic charts.

Answer 31

Maps that show several weather conditions at a particular time.

Question 32

Ecosystems.

Answer 32

Natural systems made up of biotic (living parts) and non-biotic (non-living parts) in an area which interact through chemical and physical links. Distribution determined by: climate, relief, geology and soils.

Question 33

Biome.

Answer 33

A global ecosystem.

Question 34

Microclimate.

Answer 34

Any area where the climate differs from the surrounding area.

Question 35

Urban microclimate.

Answer 35

The small scale, local climate of a large city which is influenced by its buildings and traffic.

Question 36

Urban heat island.

Answer 36

When a large city has higher temperatures than the surrounding area.

Question 37

Nutrient stores.

Answer 37

A part of an ecosystem where nutrients are kept.

Question 38

Nutrient flows.

Answer 38

The movement of minerals from one store to another.

Question 39

Leaching.

Answer 39

Washing soluble nutrients out of the soil.

Question 40

Water cycle.

Answer 40

The flow of water between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.

Question 41

Succession.

Answer 41

A gradual process incurred by the change in the number of individuals of each species of a community and by establishment of new species populations that may gradually replace the original inhabitants.

Question 42

Decomposer.

Answer 42

Breaks down dead materials and returns nutrients to the soil.

Question 43

Nutrient cycle.

Answer 43

The movement of nutrients in the ecosystem between stores. In the hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and atmosphere.

Question 44

Producer.

Answer 44

Uses sunlight to create energy through photosynthesis. A plant.

Question 45

Consumer.

Answer 45

Gains energy from eating other things.

Question 46

Food chain.

Answer 46

The interconnections between different organisms that rely on one another as their source of food. What eats what - the movement of energy.

Question 47

Food web.

Answer 47

Shows how all the biotic parts of an ecosystem are connected. The ecosystem of interlocking and interconnecting food chains.