Definitions

Question 1

Illusion

Answer 1

Misinterpretation of signals

Question 2

Hallucination

Answer 2

Perception without an object

Question 3

Over-valued idea

Answer 3

Solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional or obsessional but preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer’s life

Question 4

Delusion

Answer 4

False, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the patients social and cultural background

Question 5

Delusional perception

Answer 5

A true perception that is attributed the wrong meaning

Question 6

Thought alienation

Answer 6

Thoughts in someway no longer within their control including thought insertion, thought withdrawal and thought broadcast

Question 7

Thought insertion

Answer 7

Experiencing one’s own thoughts as someone elses

Question 8

Thought withdrawal

Answer 8

Delusion that occurs when a person believes that a person/entity has removed thoughts from their mind

Question 9

Thought broadcast

Answer 9

An experience in which an individual believes that their thoughts are audible

Question 10

Thought echo

Answer 10

Hallucination where they hear their thoughts out loud a short time after thinking them

Question 11

Thought block

Answer 11

Stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence

Question 12

Concrete thinking

Answer 12

Take things that you say literally

Question 13

Loosening association

Answer 13

Discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas

Question 14

Circumstantiality

Answer 14

Non-direct thinking or speech digressing from the main point of conversation

Question 15

Perseveration

Answer 15

Repeating/prolonging and action/thought/utterance after the stimulus that prompted it has ceased

Question 16

Confabulation

Answer 16

Made-up stories filling in any gaps in memory

Question 17

Somatic passivity

Answer 17

Passive recipient of a bodily sensation imposed from outside sources

Question 18

Delirium

Answer 18

Acute disturbance of mental abilities

Question 19

Catatonia/stupor

Answer 19

State of excited/inhibited motor activity in the absence of a mood disorder/neurological disease

Question 20

Psychomotor retardation

Answer 20

Slowed speech, decreased movement, and impaired cognitive function

Question 21

Flight of ideas

Answer 21

Thoughts move faster than you can say them

Question 22

Thought disorder

Answer 22

Disorganised way of thinking leading to abnormal ways of expressing language when speaking and writing

Question 23

Poverty of speech

Answer 23

Minimal speech requiring a lot of prompting

Question 24

Poverty of thought

Answer 24

Reduced spontaneity and productivity of thought as evidenced by speech that is vague, or full of simple and meaningless repetitions/stereotyped phrases

Question 25

Poverty of content

Answer 25

Extensive verbal feedback containing little useful information

Question 26

Pressure of speech

Answer 26

Extreme need to share thoughts/ideas/comments, rapid speech not stopping at appropriate intervals

Question 27

Anhedonia

Answer 27

Inability to experience pleasure from activity usually found enjoyable

Question 28

Flattening of affect

Answer 28

Lack of showing emotion characterised by apathetic and unchanging facial expression and little/no change in strength/tone/pitch of voice

Question 29

Incongruity of affect

Answer 29

Thoughts and actions not consistent with mood

Question 30

Blunting of affect

Answer 30

Struggle to express their emotions, diminished facial expression, expressive gestures and vocal expressions

Question 31

Belle indifference

Answer 31

Lack of concern and/or feeling of indifference about disability/symptom, linking to conversion

Question 32

Depersonalisation

Answer 32

Feeling of some change in self, associated with some sense of detachment from ones own body

Question 33

Derealisation

Answer 33

Sense of ones surroundings lacking reality

Question 34

Conversion/dissociation

Answer 34

Unconscious mechanism of symptoms formation, operating in conversion hysteria, transportation of a psychological conflict into somatic symptoms which can be motor or sensory in nature

Question 35

Stereotypies

Answer 35

Repetitive movements/sounds carried out by individuals with cognitive dysfunction or severely impaired sensory function

Question 36

Mannerism

Answer 36

Normal actions carried out in a peculiar fashion

Question 37

Obsession

Answer 37

Unbidden, intrusive thought, image, or urge intruding into consciousness attempts to dispel it are difficult and typically lead to anxiety

Question 38

Compulsion

Answer 38

Repetitive behaviours or mental acts a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, typically prevent/reduce person's distress related to obsession

Question 39

What are the 5Ps of case formulation?

Answer 39

``` Presenting problem Predisposing factors Precipitating factors Perpetuating factors Protective factors ```

Question 40

What is the biological section of the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 40

Recognising the role of physical illness in sympomatology Mental health problems commonly being associated with physical health conditions Medication

Question 41

What is the psychological section of the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 41

Psychological therapies used Psychological mechanisms impacting on how individuals relate to each other Concept and types of psychodynamic defence mechanisms Building rapport and adapting communication styles Coping strategies - benefits and risks Developing communication skills - empathetic and compassionate

Question 42

What psychological therapies are on offer?

Answer 42

``` Counselling Psychoeducation CBT DBT Psychoanalytic psychotherapy Group therapy Family therapy ```

Question 43

What is the social section of the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 43

Social determinants of health and impact on mental health Importance of choice of language Differential impact of legislation on minorities Understanding ethical challenges faced in psychiatry and common dilemmas Public health value of building social capital Value of prosocial behaviour, social integration, healthy relationships Importance of participation in decision making and self-determination

Question 44

What social determinants can impact mental health? Give 5 examples

Answer 44

``` Material and relative poverty and deprivation Social isolation Migration Unemployment Socioeconomic status Housing/homelessness Institutional care Racism and discrimination Criminal justice system Education Trauma and abuse Social capital Inequality Minority groups ```

Question 45

What is the ICD-10?

Answer 45

10th revision of the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems Detailed classification of over 300 mental and behavioural disorders Written by the WHO

Question 46

What is the DSM?

Answer 46

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders | Handbook for a guide to mental disorders