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Phlebotomy > Definitions and Questions > Flashcards

Definitions and Questions Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

How to collect blood cultures

A

Strict asceptic technique.
ChloraPrep the site
Clean the collection bottles

Ordered in sets of 2
Aerobic and anaerobic in a set

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2
Q

Stool sample collection Process

A

Wear gloves
Hat shaped plastic lid or plastic wrap
collect the stool into clean dry plastic jars w/ screw lid
Get to the laboratory immediately or refrigerate
If for occult stool test smear a bit onto the card

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3
Q

Hematoma care and procedure

A

Immediately Stop
Release the tourniquet
Remove the tube
Remove the needle
Apply firm pressure and an ice pack

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4
Q

CLIA Definition

A

Clincal Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988

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5
Q

QNS Definition

A

Quantity not sufficient

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6
Q

Special Handling

A

Hand delivered by phlebotomist, Pneumatic tube, or courier.

Amonia, Lactic acid, ABG, Gastrin, Glucagon, Parathyroid hormone, PTT, and PT must be chilled

Cryoglobulin, Cryofibrinogen, Cold Agglutinin must be warmed.

Billirubin and mostly vitamins must be protected from light. (Vitamin B12, Urine Porphyrins, Carotene, Red Cell, Folate Serum, Folate, Vitamin B6

Lactic Acid must be drawn without stasis

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7
Q

Capilary/fingerstick draw process

A

Always wipe away the first drop of blood with gauze
3rd or 4th finger of non-dominant hand
use an automatic lancet milk the incision and put into capillary tubes
EHAS

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8
Q

ABG/VBG Collection Process

A

Grab a hepparinized needle kit.
ABG go into pulse points
For vbg swap out needle with butterfly
ABG perform allen test
ABG Angle of incidence between 45 to 90
ABG apply pressure for 2 to 5 minnutes afterwards. Do not allow patient to apply pressure.

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9
Q

4 Sages of Hemostasis

A

Vascular phase (vascular spasm)
Platelet phase (platelet plug)
Coagulation phase (coagulation cascade)
Platelets release prothrombin activator
Prothrombin activator turns prothrombin into thrombin
Thrombin cuts fibrinogen into fibrin
Fibrin bonds with plug to coagulate the vein
Fibinolysis

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10
Q

Tourniquet Placement

A

Roughly 3” to 4” above the draw site

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11
Q

Hemostasis Definition

A

The arrest of bleeding

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12
Q

Different forms of communication

A

Active listneing, non verbal communication, active response

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13
Q

How to care for unconscious patients

A

Patients who faint should regain consciousness within a minute. If not regaining conciousness follow employer protocols.

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14
Q

Contact Precautions

A

Barriers/ppe, handwashing, vaccination and inoculation, breaking the chain of infection.

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15
Q

Butterfly needle angle of draw/straight stick

A

5 degrees for butterfly /15 to 30 degrees for a straight stick

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16
Q

Exposure Protocol

A

1 Immediately wash the area
2 report the exposure to supervisor
3 refer to an MSDS
4 fill out an exposure report form
Document routes if exposure and circumstances
Identify and document source
Test the source individual’s blood
Collect your own blood and test
5 apart from exposure everything else will remain confidential

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17
Q

MSDS Definition

A

Material safety data sheet

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18
Q

POCT/ Waived test

A

Point of care testing is done in the presence of th e patient using devices onsite. Ex. Glucose meter

Waived tests are tests that can be performed by providers other than the physicians or nursing staff.

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19
Q

How to disinfect body fluid spills

A

1:10 to 1:100 EPA registered tuberculocidal left on the area for 10 minutes (sodium hypochlorite and lysol both work)

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20
Q

Consents

A

Informed consent- competent person gives voluntary permission for medical procedure

Expressed consent - permission is given verbally or in writing for a procedure

Implied consent- patient’s actions

HIV testing consent- special permission for testing

Parental consent- parent must permit procedures on a minor (18)

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21
Q

Question 78 is B (H pilori Test)

A

Question 78 is (H pilori test)
(Blood test is antigen. Breath or stool are active infection tests)

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22
Q

POCT Definition

A

Point of care testing

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23
Q

CDC Definition

A

Center for disease control

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24
Q

Pediatric order of draw

A

EHAS
EDTA
Heparin
Any other additive
Serum

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25
Military time
24 hour time first two digits are the hour on a 24 hour scale and the last two are the minutes past the hour
26
SPS Definition
Sodium Polyanethole Sulfonate
27
LIS Definition
Laboratory Information System
28
Gloves Used for latex allergies
Nitrile Gloves
29
EDTA Definition
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid -
30
What cannot be centrifuged
CBC
31
HIPAA Definition
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
32
Infant blood draw process
Out side of the heel No deeper than .85mm for premies & 2mm for infants Medially from great toe to heel And then laterally from the middle of the 4th and 5th Always wipe away first drop with gauze Use automatic lancet and milk incision EHAS
33
TJC Definition
The Joint Commission
34
Guage and needle size relationship and actual size
Needle guage system. Is relative. Each decreases by roughly ~11% Smaller is larger
35
syncope procedures/protocol
Do not allow them to fall and get injured Immediately Stop Release the tourniquet Remove the tube Remove the needle Safely position the patient and call for help
36
FUO Definition
Fever of Unknown Origin
37
SDS Definition
Safety Data Sheet
38
STAT Definition
Immediately (Latin statim)
39
premature needle withdrawal
Needle comes out too early. Perhaps hearing hissing.
40
Layperson Terms Definition
Using words that someone who is not an expert can understand
41
How to Perform OGTT (and what it stands for)
Oral glucose tolerance test Blood is drawn from patient as a baseline. Patient must then finish glucola within 5 minutes Blood is drawn once an hour Is ordered for 1, 2, 3, or 5 hours
42
OSHA Definition
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
43
Failure to invert tubes
Additive will not adequately mix 8-10 times on all tubes except light blue top tube (3-4) Cannot over invert.
44
PHI Definition
Protected Health Information
45
CLSI Definition
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
46
How to identify a patient
Ask the patient for identification, check it. Then confirm the information. In-patient clinic there will be a non-removable waterproof identification.
47
What information Goes on a requisition form
Patient's Full Name Patient's DOB Patient's Sex Patient's Room Number Patient's Bed Number Date and time of specimen collection Technician Performing the draw Tests requested Specimen Identification code Ordering Physician Special Considerations (Fasting, Timed, STAT, Postprandial, etc.) Original Test date ICD 10 Code
48
Biohazard Safety/Waste
Whether or not you think the blood or bodily fluid is infected with bloodborne pathogens treat it as if it is. Only needles go into the sharps container. Biohazards go into the biohazard container Wear gloves when handling and collecting, blood, bodily fluids, or tissue spicimens. NEVER DOUBLE GLOVE Wear a face shield for droplets Always activate the safety mechanism
49
How to collect an ETOH sample
As normal but do not use alcohol to clean the site. Replace with another antisceptic
50
Basal State Definition
Fasting and refraining from strenuous exercise 8-12 hours before the draw
51
How to collect a 24 hour urine Sample
1. Tell patient to discard first specimen 2. Urinate into a small collection container and pour into a big container 3. Refrigerate each sample after deposit 4.Keep samples refridgerated 5. Have patient clean the container with soap and warm water between collections 6. Patient must avoid bedpans urinals and toilet paper
52
Venipuncture Steps
Verify the requisition form for patient information and test requested Introduce yourself, Explain the procedure, and secure patient consent. Wash hands and put on gloves Gather Necessary Equipment Assemble needle but leave it capped Assess venipuncture site and then apply tourniquet Palpate the vein Cleanse the area with a back and forth movement (never blow air into the site to dry it) Use thumb to anchor the vein (Below antecubital fossa) Insert the needle (15 to 30 degree angle with bevel up) Once the needle is in the tube, push the needle into the holder Release the tourniquet once blood flow is established. Fill tubes according to order of draw remove last collection tube from holder Hover gauze over venipuncture site WIthdraw needle then immediately apply pressure Activate needle's safety mechanism Tape them up Label each specimen Before leaving check the venipuncture site Clean up everything and dispose of waste properly Remove ppe (cotton balls should not be used because they may dislodge clot. Never have the patient bend their elbow to apply pressure as this can result in continued bleeding brusing or hematoma. patient should be expected to remove bandage in about an hour)
53
Out of scope of practice
ABG, IV, giving out results and waived tests w/out consent
54
Importance of Waste tubes
Waste tubes clear the line of air and can flush out an additive from the vaccuneedle
55
Hemolysis Definition
The breaking of red blood cell membranes which releases free hemoglobin into the blood
56
PPE/Order of removal
1.Gloves 2.Goggles 3.Gown 4.Mask
57
Legal v Ethical Behavior
Legal issues occur when an established law has been broken vs a code of ethics which provides personal and professional performance and moral behavioral rules Negligence, assault, battery, slander, libel, duty of care, breach of duty, malpractice are illegal. Could be criminal or civil depending on the charge and the situation.
58
Handwashing Technique
Make sure to use enough soap to form a lather. Steps: 1.wash hands immediately after removal of gloves 2.Use soft antibacterial soap 3.Avoid harsh abrasive soap 4.Exposed skin should be washed thoroughly as soon as possible after removal of gloves Wash for at least 30 seconds
59
End of Blood draw process
TTCC Tourniquet Tube Cover/cotton Cap
60
site selection
preferred site for venipuncture is upper extremities antecubital fossa Vein selection is based on the size and condition of the vein The vein should be palpable after the tourniquet (Median cubital vein is often preferred Cephalic vein is often the most straight forward vein to palpate in an obese patient Basilic Vein is near brachial artery, risk puncturing artery or a nerve. Never redirect when entering the basilic)

Phlebotomy (3 decks)

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