DEFINITIONS DECK

Question 1

magnification

Answer 1

how many times larger an images is compared to the objects actual size

Question 2

resolution

Answer 2

ability to distinguish separate points on an images as two separate objects

Question 3

differential staining

Answer 3

to differentiate between 2 types of organisms or organelles in one sample

Question 4

monomers

Answer 4

single individual units which can be linked together

Question 5

polymers

Answer 5

long chains of repeating units

Question 6

condensation reaction

Answer 6

process of combining monomers by forming covalent bonds and removing water as a byproduct

Question 7

hydrolysis reactions

Answer 7

process of breaking down polymers (covalent bonds) by adding water

Question 8

semi conservative replication

Answer 8

one strand of new DNA is made from the original DNA and the other is a newly synthesised strand

Question 9

compartmentalisation

Answer 9

formation of membrane bound areas in cells

Question 10

(simple) diffusion

Answer 10

net movement of molecules/ions from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Question 11

facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration involving carrier or channel proteins

Question 12

active transport

Answer 12

the. net movement of molecules/ions into or out of a cell from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration using energy (active process)

Question 13

endocytosis

Answer 13

bulk transport of materials into cells

Question 14

exocytosis

Answer 14

bulk movement of materials out of cells

Question 15

osmosis

Answer 15

the net movement of particles from a higher water potential to a lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 16

water potential

Answer 16

measure of the tendency for water particles to move from one place to another in kPa
depending on the concentration of free water particles

Question 17

hypotonic solution

Answer 17

a solution with a higher water potential than inside the cell (less concentrated)

Question 18

hypertonic solution

Answer 18

a solution with a lower water potential than inside the cell (more concentrated)

Question 19

isotonic solution

Answer 19

a solution with the same water potential as inside the cell

Question 20

homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

pairs of chromosomes which are the same size and length, and will have the same genes at the same loci

Question 21

bivalents

Answer 21

pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 22

chiasmata

Answer 22

the crossing over of adjacent chromatids causing an exchange of alleles
produces recombinant genes

Question 23

random assortment

Answer 23

the random lining up of homologous chromosomes during metaphase 1

Question 24

differentiation

Answer 24

the process of a cell becoming specialised by expressing some genes and not others to perform a certain function

Question 25

stem cells

Answer 25

unspecialised, undifferentiated cells with the ability to adapt to perform a certain function

Question 26

stem cell potency

Answer 26

the different abilities of cells to differentiate

Question 27

totipotent

Answer 27

a stem cells ability to differentiate into any type of cell (zygote)

Question 28

pluripotent

Answer 28

a stem cells ability to differentiate into most types of cells; any cell but not whole organisims

Question 29

multipotent

Answer 29

the ability of a stem cell to differentiate into certain cells