Definitions for Exam 1a

Question 1

Tendon

Answer 1

bone to muscle

Question 2

Ligament

Answer 2

Bone to bone

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

maintain bone matrix

Question 4

Osteoblasts

Answer 4

build and form new bone

Question 5

Osteoclasts

Answer 5

carve or degrade new bone

Question 6

Ossification

Answer 6

process of bone formation

Question 7

Closed pack

Answer 7

Max area is contracted, attachments are the furthest apart. “Tight”

Question 8

Open pack

Answer 8

“loose-packed” position, least amount of congruency

Question 9

Capsular pattern

Answer 9

Order we lose ROM in our joints when capsular tightness is present

Question 10

Contractility

Answer 10

ability to contract

Question 11

excitability

Answer 11

response to a stimulus from actions potentials

Exitment to

Question 12

Extensibility

Answer 12

ability to stretch with a passive force and extend

Question 13

Elasticity

Answer 13

characteristic of return to normal resting length when stretched or shortened

Question 14

Irritability

Answer 14

responding to a stimulus when it is not shortened or lengthened

Question 15

Viscoelasticity

Answer 15

recoil to the original length with possibility of accommodation to a new length

Question 16

Isometric

Answer 16

length stays the same, tension and speed change

Question 17

Isokinetic

Answer 17

speed stays the same, tension and length change

Question 18

Isotonic

Answer 18

tension stays the same, speed and length change

Question 19

concentric

Answer 19

muscle shortens

Question 20

eccentric

Answer 20

muscle lengthens

Question 21

threshold

Answer 21

weakest stimulus needed to produce a contraction

Question 22

All or Nothing law

Answer 22

muscles fibers either contract or they don’t

Question 23

Twitch

Answer 23

rapid contraction or relaxation of muscle

Question 24

Tetanus

Answer 24

the prolonged contraction of a muscle caused by rapidly repeated stimuli.

Question 25

Tone

Answer 25

constant tension over a long period of time

Question 26

Spasm

Answer 26

abnormal state of prolonged contraction produced by a localized disease or injury

Question 27

Flaccidity

Answer 27

loss of the irritability of the muscle caused by injury to nervous system

Question 28

Spasticity

Answer 28

decreased inhibition of input from central nervous system causes increased tone pattern

Question 29

co-contraction

Answer 29

contraction of both agonist and antagonist at same time

Question 30

Neutralizer

Answer 30

help eliminate secondary motions of moving muscle

Question 31

Reversal of action

Answer 31

origin moving towards fixed insertion

Question 32

active insufficiency

Answer 32

actin and myosin are overlapped, muscle contracts max, cannot shorten any more, ROM is still available

Question 33

Passive insufficiency

Answer 33

actin and myosin are lengthened, muscle cannot be elongated any further, prevents ROM

Question 34

Tenodesis

Answer 34

ability to perform a motion without contracting the muscles would typically be associated with that motion.

Question 35

Vascular spasm

Answer 35

temporary constriction of blood vessels

Question 36

Muscle Spindle reflex

Answer 36

Muscle reaction to a stretch, “quick stretch”

Question 37

Agonist

Answer 37

causes the motion

Question 38

Antagonist

Answer 38

apposes the opposite motion than agonist

Question 39

Synergist

Answer 39

works together with two muscles to produce desired motion

Question 40

Prime mover

Answer 40

responsible for joint motion

Question 41

Sharpey’s Fibers

Answer 41

connect end of tendon to muscle