Definitions From Rattray Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
The bodies non-speficific response to any demand made upon it; it is not a disease but it contribute to ill health.
A
STRESS
2
Q
It is a state of wellness associated with many interrelated changes that occur throughout the woman’s bodyas the fetus develops.
A
Pregnancy
3
Q
It is an involuntary, sustained contraction of a muscle.
A
SPASM
4
Q
It is a common lay man term for a painful, prolonged muscle spasm.
A
CRAMPS
5
Q
It is hyperirritable spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle or its fascia. It is a tender point on site, ofteb exhibits a predictable pain referral pattern and causes a shortening of the affected muscle.
A
Myofascial Trigger Point
6
Q
It is local or generalized accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces.
A
EDEMA
7
Q
This process is necessary step towards the healing of an injured tissue.
A
INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
8
Q
Acute stage of inflammatory process are:
A
Pain, Redness, Immobility, Swelling, Hot to touch or Swelling Heat Altered mobility Redness Pain
9
Q
It is a collagen based tissue that develops as a result of the inflammatory process.
A
Scar Tissue
10
Q
It is the disruption of thw continuity of any tissue.
A
INJURY
11
Q
Layers of the Skin:
A
Epidermis, Dermis, Subdermal/Hypodermis/Subcutaneous layer.
12
Q
It is a disruption of the continuity of the skin tissue.
A
WOUND
13
Q
It is a specific type of wound cause by an external thermal agent.
A
BURNS
14
Q
It is a crush injury to a muscle.
A
Contusion
15
Q
It is an overstretch injury to a musculotendinous unit.
A
Strains
16
Q
It is an overstretch injury to a ligament.
A
Sprains
17
Q
A twisting Injury to the medial or lateral deep portion of the knee while foot is weight bearing and achored to the ground.
A
Meniscal Injury
18
Q
In this condition on the acute stage a feeling of tearing sensation in the knee and may give way, buckle or lock occurs.
A
Meniscus Injury
19
Q
It is complete dissociation of thw articulating surfaces of the joint?
A
Dislocation
20
Q
Occurs when the articulating surfaces of the joint remain in a partial contact with ecmach other.
A
Subluxation
21
Q
It is a break in the continuity of a bones?
A
Fracture
22
Q
It is an acceleration-deceleration injury to thw head and neck.
A
Whiplash
23
Q
An overuse condition resulting in inflammation of the plantar fascia.
A
Plantar Fascitis
24
Q
Inflammation of the periosteum of the bone and usually produces pain in the lower leg. Pain located in the origin or insertion of a muscle- usually pain occurs on the posteromedially of the tibia.
A
Periositis
25
It is a result of the increase pressure within the 4 compartments of the lower leg which divided by dense inelastic fascia- occurs on athletes under 40 yrs old.
Compartment Syndrome
26
Inflammation of a tendon. - does appear in two shapes :cord-like structure; and a broad sheet-like structures called aponeurosis.
Tendonitis
27
Inflammation of the paratendon or the tendon sheath where structure associated with a tendon or which may be irritated by the tendon as it rubs over bony prominences.
Paratendonitis
28
Irritation and thickening of sheath tendon itself.
Tenovaginitis
29
It is describes as the degenerative changes occcuring within a chronic overuse tendons injuries such as tennis elbow or golfers elbow.
Tendinosis
30
Also known as Lateral epicondylitis
Tennis Elbow
31
Also known as Medial Epicondylitis
Golfer's Elbow
32
Most common location of tendonitis?
Supraspinatus
33
How to locate the supraspinatus tendon?
To palpate it, client seated and arm at the back with elbow in flexion; the GH Maximally Internally Rotated and Maximally Extended. The located located under the acromion or immediately inferior to the ACJ.
34
How to locate the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor tendon?
Client of seated or prone: GH flexed inti 90 degrees, adduct at 10 degrees and externally rotated at 20 degrees.
35
How to located the Subcapularis tendon?
Clients GH at the side and the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees. Tendon can be palpated inferior the clavicle, lateral to the coracoid process (medial to anterior deltoid)
36
It is the inflammation, pain and edema in the tissues within the coracoacromial arch and between the AC and GH joints; a painful compression of the tendons esp. supraspinatus when the humerus abducted against the acromion.
Impingement Syndrome
37
Inflammation of the bursa (a small, flat sac lined within the synovium.
Bursitis
38
It is painful, significant restriction of AROM and PROM at the GH, most frequently in ABduction and External Rotation.
Frozen Shoulder
39
In frozen shoulder this occurs when joint capsule hangs in fold or pleat- the fold is stretchedout when the humerus is ABducted.
Axillary Recess
40
Stages of Frozen shoulder are:
Acute or Freezing or Painful phase; Subacute or Frozen stage or Stiffening phase ; Chronic or Thawing phase or Resolution stage
41
It is an abnormal positioning of the neck and head relative to the body.
Torticollis
42
A painful unilateral shortening or spasm of neck muscles resulting in abnormal head position usually the SCM is affected.
Acute Acquired Torticollis
43
It is painful muscle comyracyion type of headache; usually with muscular origins associated with trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome.
Tension Headache
44
It is a paroxysmal amd neurological disorder with many sign and symptoms. Usually with aura (classic) or without aura (common).
Migraine
45
It is a decreased in medial longitudinal arch and pronated hindfoot.
Pes Planus
46
It is a contracture and thickening of the ITB.
Iliotibial Band contracture
47
It is the inflammation and pain where the ITB crisses the lateral femoral condyle.
ITB Friction Syndrome
48
Also called patella femoral tracking, where in various painful degenerative changes to the articular cartilage on the underside of the patella. With Q angle off for about 18 degrees
PatellaFemoral Syndrome
49
An increase lumbar curve with anterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion.
Hyperlodosis
50
It is an increase in the normal thoracic curve with protracted scapula and head forward position.
Hyperkyphosis
51
It is thw lateral rotatory deviation of the spine; described as according to the side of Convexity.
Scoliosis
52
It is an increased degree of motion at a joint.
Hypermobility
53
It is loss of motion at a joint including the loss of normal joint play movetments.
Hypomobility
54
It is a disorder of the muscles of mastications, the TMJ and associated structures
TMJ Dysfunction
55
What are the muscles of mastications?
Temporalis, Masseter and Pterygoid (Medial and Lateral) muscles
56
It is the degeneration of the Annular fibers of the intravertebral disc
Degenerative DISC Disease
57
Stages injuries on the Vertebrae:
Posterolateral Protrusion, Prolapse, Extrusion and Sequestration
58
It is a group of chronic and degenerative condition that affects joints, specifically the articualr cartilage and subchonral bones.
OsteoArthritis
59
This comprises the brain and spinal cord and the lesion in this system can result to Sensory, Motor and Autonomic dysfunction.
Central Nervous System Conditions/Lesions
60
What are the Progressive CNS lesions?
Parkinsons and Multiple Sclerosis
61
What are the non progressive condition of CNS lesion?
Hemiphlegia, Cerebral Palsy, Spinal Cord Injury and Poliomyelitis
62
This is essential skills for a therapist to remember that the degree of a person's physical disability does not indicate the person's level of intelligence.
Communication Skills
63
This is an informations regarding functional ability may be gathered by observing the ambulation aids used by a client.
Ambulation Aides
64
It is characterized by the spontaneous uncontrolled abnormal discharge of neuron in the brain. It is not a disease but a symptom of an existing disorder in the brain.
Seizures
65
It is non progressive condition of a paralysis on the one side of the body as a result of a brain lesion.
Hemiphlegia
66
A condition which demyelination of a nerve occurs.
Multiple sclerosis
67
It is a progressive disorder involving deminishing basal ganglia function which results in slow, increasingly difficulty accompanied by resting tremors and muscular rigidity.
Parkinsons Disease
68
It is a motor function disorders that result from damage to the immature brain---
Cerebral Palsy
69
It is an injury to the vertebral columns, spinal cord amor both due to direct or indirect trauma.
Spinal Cord Injury
70
It is an acute viral infection specifically affecting the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem.
Poliomyelitis
71
An injury to a peripheral nerve which depending on the location and severity, results in motor loss (flaccidity), sensory loss (anesthesia), sensory impairment (paresthesia) or pain (dysesthesia) as well as autonomic dysfunction.
Peripheral Nerve Lesion
72
Inflammation of the nerve?
Neuritis
73
Described as nerve pain
Neuralgia
74
Classifications of Nerve Lesion:
Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis and Neurotmesis
75
1st degree of nerve lesion, the compression of a nerve causing a local conduction block with no structural damage to the axon or tissue distal to the lesion.
Neuropraxia
76
2nd degree of nerve lesion: it is the prolonged severe compression of the nerve- which causes lesion at the site of the compression followed by degeneration of the axon distal to the injury.
Axonotmesis
77
3rd degree of nerve lesion where an injury to the nerve itself as a result of severance of part of all nerve trunk including endoneural tube.
Neurotmesis
78
This is also known as tic doulouteux or painful tic which affects the trigeminal nerve CN V.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
79
A condition which affects the intercoatal nerve that travels between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles - does travels as neurovascukar bundles from spine to sternum rib7-11.
Intercostal Neuralgia
80
It is considered to be as the severe pain syndrome.
Causalgia
81
It is a tumor compised of nerve cells
Neuroma
82
This process occurs when an injury to the axon of the nerve will degenerate distal to the lesion site- and it takes over several days before it succeeded.
Wallerian Degeneration
83
How many mm or inches per week and months for a nerve to regenerate?
7-14mm/wk or 1/2 to 3/4 inches/wk. 28-54mm/month or 1 1/4 to 2 1/4 inches/month
84
A condition which a traction injury to the lower brachial plexus - or combination of median and ulnar nerve lesion (C8-T1)
Klumpke's Paralysis
85
A complication of klumpke's paralysis which manifest on the affected side on the eye; presenting constriction of pupil (miosis) drooping of eyelids (ptosis) loss of sweating to the face and neck (anhydrosis) and recession of the eyeball into the orbit (enopthalmos)
Horner's Syndrome
86
It is a combination lesion caused by traction injury to the upper brachial plexus namely C5-C6; s/s includes waiter's tip (shoulder adducted, internally rotated, elbow extended, forearm pronated and wrist and fingers flexed.
Erb's Paralysis.
87
Injury to the nerve of the posterior cord C5-T1 of the brachial plexus, anesthesia occurs at the web between thumb and second digit. Altered sensation es experienced at the posterior arm, forearm and hand specifically in the thumb index middle amd 1/2 amd the middle finger.
Radial Nerve
88
Presentation of a complete radial nerve lesion is?
Wrist Drop - the hand hangs on flexion bec of the wrist flexiors are unopposed due to the falccud wrist extensors
89
This condition occurs when there is lesion on the medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8-T1); result in anesthesia along the little finger to the wrist.
Ulnar Nerve Lesion
90
This presentation of a complete ulnar nerve lesion?
Claw Hand - the little finger is hyperextended and abducted at the MCP as well as flexed at IPJ.
91
A condition when there is lesion on the. medial cord C8-T1 and lateral cord C5-C7 of the brachial plexus; resulting to Oath and Ape hand amd the anesthesia is located at 2nd and 3rd distal IPJ.
Median Nerve Lesion
92
A condition occura into the longest and strongest peripheral nerve that supplies the lower leg esp posterior thigh to toes. Anesthesia occurs at the space between the 1st and 2nd big toe.
Sciatic Nerve Lesion
93
This nerve divides into 2: Tibial and Peroneal division- its complete lesion presentation is foot drop or paralysis on the dorsiflexion and elevators of the foot.
Sciatic Nerve Lesion
94
A condition involving a lesion on the facial nerve CN VII; also result in flaccid paralysis of the muscles of facial expression on the same side of lesion.
Bell's Palsy
95
Condition also known as neuropraxia that cause a local conduction block in a peripheral nerve, but with no structural damage to the axon or to tissue distal to the lesion.
Compression or Entrapment Injuries of Peripheral Nerves
96
A condition that involves the compression of the brachial plexus and its accompanying artery between the anterior and middle scalene muscle (Anterior Scalene Syndrome) or between the coracoid process and the pectoralis minor muscle (Pectoralis Minor Syndrome) or between the clavicle and the1st rib (Costoclavicukar Syndrome)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
97
A condition that results from thw compression of the median nerve as it passes thru the carpal tunnel at the wrist; also results in numbness and tingling in the median distribution which is the lateral 3 and half digits.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
98
It is the compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
Piriformis Syndrome
99
It is an acute or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (Maxillary, Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid)
Sinusitis
100
It is a condition that results in the production of purulent sputum for at least 3 mons in a row over 2 consecutive years.
Chronic Bronchitis
101
It is a disease that causes enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the alveolar walls.
Emphysema
102
It is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by bronchospasm (narrowing of the airways in the lungs), which is reversible over time either spontaneously or following treatment.
Asthma
103
It is the elevation of blood pressure above the normal range for a prolonged period of time and can risk of stroke and heart attack
Hypertension
104
It is also known as heary failure which reflects the heart's inability to pump sufficientblood to supply the body's needs.
Congestive Heart Failure
105
It is a peripheral vascular disorder which means it affects blood vessels outside the heart and thorax- it is always occurs secondary to another underlying condition.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
106
It is term used to denote arterial spasms and symptoms similar to raynaud's phenomenon, when there is no underlying related and the blood vessels appear normal.- Usually begins unilaterally but eventually bilateral within 4-6 months of onset; usually affects women bet 18-30yrs old.
Raynaud's Disease
107
It is slow, difficult or infrequent movement of feces through the bowel- considered symptom than actual condition.
Constipation
108
It is the inflammation of a superficial or deep vein that leads to the formation of a thrombus.
Thrombophlebitis
109
It is a distended or dilated, and are abnormally large and bulging veings; which caused by the impaired function of the venous valves
Varicose Veins
110
This condition is also known as spastic colon, spastic constipation, irritable colon and nervous indigestion. It is a motility disorder which is strongly associated with anxiety, stress or depression in over half the cases.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
111
It is inflammatory bowel disease used to identify two conditions: Ulcerative Colitis and Cronh's Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
112
It is result in a broad area of ulceration in the mucosal lining of the left colon and rectum; s/s are periods of pain and bloody diarrhea up to 20-30× per day and alternate with remission.
Ulcerative Colitis
113
It is a result of multiple, patchy, ulcerative lesions which may affect any oart of the gastrointestinal tract; which causes scarring and thickening of the bowel.
Cronh's Disease
114
This are group of inflammatory diseases affecting connective tissue including the joints.
Inflammatory Arthritides
115
It is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that involves soecific areas of the body primarily the spine; s/s is bamboo spine.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
116
This disease is said to be associated with HLA-B27 antigen; causes immobility and fixation of a joint and inflammation of the veetebrae.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
117
It is a group of disorder in which crystals of monosodium urate arw deposited in the tissues, accompanied by attacks of acute arthritis.
Gout
118
Term signifies high level of uric acid in the blood
Hyperuricemia
119
It is a joint inflammation caused by an infection from bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Infectious Arthritis
120
It a complex rheumatic disease that affects many systems of the body; transmitted to humans by tick bites; does mimics flu and other rheumatic conditions.
Lyme Disease
121
It is a triad of arthritis, non gonococcal urethritis amd conjunctivitis, following inflammation of yhe intestine and urinary tract.Also connecte dro HLA-B27 in some persons. Main symptom is "Sausage Digits".
Reiter's Syndrome
122
It is an inflammatory, destructive. chronic autoimmune disease of multiple joints and connective tissue throughout the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis
123
Most common deformities in Rheumatoid arthritis:
Boutonniere's deformity and Swan-neck deformity
124
This symptom occurs in 15% of client with rheumatoid arthritis presenting a dry eyes and dry mouth: the eyes feels gritty and client feels thirsty.
Sjorgen's Syndrome
125
It is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting collagen, which characterized by slowly spreading fibrosis and collagen deposits throughout the body.
Scleroderma
126
A chronic aynovial inflammation in children
Still's Disease and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
127
It is a type of chronic, attack-remitting autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect any system or organ in a variable manner
Systemic Lupus Erythematicus
128
A painful non articular rheumatuc condition of at least 3 mons duration, characterized by widespread of muscular achiness and specifically the palpation of tender points at 11 of 18 prescribed locations on the body.
Fibromyalgia
129
It is a condition distinguished by persistent fatigue that does not resolve and severely reduces activity levels atleast 6mons duration
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
130
It is a contracture of the palmar fascia resulting in a flecion deformity of the fingers 4th and 5th.
Dupuytren's Contracture
131
It is a progressive disease in which the bones becomes gradually weaker and thinner, causing cahnges in postire and posing an increased risk of fractures "silent thief"
Osteoporosis
132
_____________ cells that erodes the bone creating cavities in it; ___________ cells form bone and fill in the cavities.
Osteoclast ; Osteoblast
133
Sign of osteoporosis common on women; which vertebrae start to wedge or fracture this causing compression of the nerves and loss of heoght of more than an inch.
Dowager's Hump
134
It is a chronic condition that results in problems with CHO, CHON and fat metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus
135
This is sometimes called Juvenile DM; associated with the dysfunction of the pancreas ro secrete insulin thus lead to absolute deficiency of insulin.
Type 1 IDDM (Insulin Dependent)
136
This condition which the pancreas produces inadequate insulin or when the body is unable to utilize the insulin produced - always linked to poor diet
Type 2 NIDDM ( Non insulin Dependent)
137
What are the s/s of DM?
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia (3P's)
138
In general term used for abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells.
Cancer
139
Term to described new growth cells?
Tumor or Neoplasm
140
This is the movement of cancer cells to other areas of the body occurs by way of thier circulatory system or thru lymphatic system
Metastasizing
141
This ______used to designate a tumor and is added to the name of tissue type from which is tumor originated.________tumor in bone; ________ tumor in glial cells; ________ tumor in epithelial cells or skin; __________ tumor in connective tiasue.
Oma, Osteoma, Glioma, Carcinoma, Sarcoma
142
How does lymphadenopathy metastasize?
Via Lymphatic system
143
It is vitus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Human Immuno Virus Infection (HIV)
144
This are small WBC that primary cells of the immune system which originates at T-lymphocytes or T-cells in the Thymus.
Lymphocytes
145
This B-lymphocytes or B-cells originates in the bone marrow are called?This also eliminates bacteria and their toxins by producing antibodies. It also rapidly identify and destroy virus infected cells or tumor cells
Natural Killer cells or T-killer cells
146
This cell controls viral infections by recognizing antigens on the surface of macrophages.
T-cells/ T-4 Helper cells or CD4 cells.
147
This care concept that even thou cure or long term control of an illness is not possible the person's quality of life should be paramount. The goal in this care is pain reduction and supporr the client's life.
Palliative Care
