Definitions Human Relationships

Question 1

intrasex selection

Answer 1

a form of sexual selection where members of the same sex (typically males) compete with each other for access to mates

Question 2

parental investment theory

Answer 2

posits that the sex investing more in offspring (usually females) will be more selective in choosing mates, while the sex investing less (usually males) will engage in more intense competition for mates

Question 3

halo effect

Answer 3

The halo effect refers to the tendency to allow one specific trait or our overall impression of a person to positively influence our judgment of their other related traits.

-The halo effect refers to the tendency of people to rate attractive individuals more favorably for their personality traits or characteristics as compared to those who are less attractive.
-draws on the image of a halo, which casts a positive light on what it surrounds; thus, the “halo” created by the perception of one characteristic can cover others in the same way

Question 4

similarity attraction model

Answer 4

suggests that people are more attracted to others who share similar traits, attitudes, values, and beliefs
“birds of a feather flock together”

Question 5

mere exposure effect

Answer 5

individuals show a preference for things they’re more familiar with. Repeated exposure to a stimulus increases liking and familiarity, even without conscious recognition

Question 6

evolution based assumption cross cultural

Answer 6

certain kinds of food or social norms, are widespread across cultures while others are unique to specific groups.

Question 7

field exp.

Answer 7

-studies conducted in real-world settings
-investigate cause/effect relationship

Question 8

questionnaire

Answer 8

a research method where a questionnaire is used to manipulate variables and test hypotheses

Question 9

4 horsemen of the apocalypse

Answer 9

Criticism - verbal attacks to personality/character
Contempt - attacking sense of self with an intent to insult/abuse
Defensiveness- playing the victim to reverse the blame
Stonewalling- ignoring a partner’s attempts at conversation

Question 10

relationship enhancing, attribution theory

Answer 10

the tendency to attribute positive behaviors in a relationship to internal factors (like their personality or character) and negative behaviors to external factors (like circumstances or situational factors- like their partner).