Definitions

Question 1

Techniques to study the brain

Answer 1

FMRI, MRI

Question 2

MRI

Answer 2

-Magnetic resonance imaging
cross-sectional images of the body’s internal structures using a strong magnetic field and radio waves
- magnet aligns the hydrogen atoms (water molecules) in your body
-radio waves are sent through the body to disrupt this alignment.
-atoms realign, they release signals that are detected by the MRI machine and used by a computer to create images
-useful for monitoring medical cond.

Question 3

FMRI

Answer 3

-functional magnetic resonance imaging
an imaging scan that shows activity in specific areas of the brain.
-scans for blood flow changes in regions of the brain
-which corresponds to neural activity
useful for studying conditions like a stroke/brain injury

Question 4

localization of function

Answer 4

diff. parts of the brain perform diff functions

Question 5

neuroplasticity

Answer 5

the brain’s ability to change as a result of experiences

Question 6

Neural networks

Answer 6

a series of connected neurons that allows the processing and transmitting of information.

Question 7

Neural Pruning (Synaptic Pruning)

Answer 7

happens when synaptic connections in a neural networks are lost bc they aren’t used

Question 8

hormone

Answer 8

a chem. messenger that is transported through the bloodstream

Question 8

Neuron

Answer 8

type of cell that receives, processes, and transmits info. through electrical and chem. signals (draw diagram)

Question 8

pheromone

Answer 8

a chem. messenger that is sent from one animal which has an effect on a diff. animal (usually of same species)

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

DNA base sequences

Question 8

twin/kinship

Answer 8

use of twins or related individuals to study the effects of human behavior

Question 8

evolutionary explanation of behavior

Answer 8

how does that behavior help us survive, reproduce, or pass on our genes

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

chemical that reduces the effect of a neurotransmitter
-binds and blocks receptor sites of neurotransmitter

Question 8

Agonist

Answer 8

chemical that amplifies the effect of a neurotransmitter
-binds to receptor sites of neurotransmitter & activates them

Question 8

Excitatory

Answer 8

binds to receptor sites and inc. the chances of the post-synaptic neuron firing (sending a signal)

Question 9

true experiment

Answer 9

researchers actively manipulate an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable, while also controlling for other variables that might influence the outcome

Question 10

field exp.

Answer 10

research studies conducted in real-world settings. investigate cause-and-effect relationships

Question 11

quasi

Answer 11

a research design that resembles a true experiment but lacks random assignment of participants to groups.
- real-world settings or when studying naturally occurring phenomena

Question 12

Cultural dimensions

Answer 12

created by Hofstede; analyzes general cultural differences and how they influence thought/behaviour

Question 13

Schema-

Answer 13

cognitive process that forms relationships between categories of information and forms an outline based on common features

Question 14

Acculturation

Answer 14

process by which someone comes into contact with another culture & begins to adopt the norms and behaviors of that culture

Question 15

Acculturation stress

Answer 15

psychological difficulties associated with being an immigrant or ethnic minority when adapting to a new cultural context

Question 16

Enculturation

Answer 16

Enculturation is a broad term that refers to the process of acquiring the cultural norms and values of one’s home culture.

Question 17

SCT

Answer 17

social cognitive theory -proposed by Albert Bandura in the 1960's -attention, retention, reproduction, motivation -self efficacy (individual's believe that they possess the skills to accomplish a task) -reciprocal determinism (personal factors, behavior, and environment actively shape each other) how people understand their social world (thoughts/actions/environment where behaviour occurs). When people observe a model performing a behaviour and its consequences, they remember the sequence of events and use it to guide subsequent behaviours.

Question 18

SIT

Answer 18

-developed by Henri Tajfel 1970's Social categorization (refers to the self in terms of group membership such as gender or ethnicity) Social Comparison (suggests that an organization can change individual behaviours) Social identity (how people create/define their place in society) Self-esteem (derive their value from group, tend to view grp more + than our groups) Positive distinctiveness (favor in group over our groups) Out-group homogeneity (explains intergroup behaviour)