Definitions List Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
Give a meaning for:
Abu Hureyra
A
Neolithic Village - Gazelle experimentation 9500-5000 BCE
2
Q
Give a meaning for:
Abydos
A
Site of the very first pharaoh burials. C. 3000 BCE.
3
Q
Give a meaning for:
Acheulian
A
Oval and pear shaped ‘hand axes’ associated with H. erectus.
4
Q
Give a meaning for:
Achilles
A
Homer’s central character and he is the hero of the Trojan War.
5
Q
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Aegean
A
Region of the Aegean Sea and lands.
6
Q
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Agamemnon
A
King of Mycenae?
7
Q
Give a meaning for:
Ahhiyawa
A
People to the West of Hatti.
8
Q
Give a meaning for:
Akkad
A
Area of Southern Mesopotamia and parts of Syria, Anatolia and Elam.
9
Q
Give a meaning for:
Akhenaten
A
Formerly Amenhotep IV.
10
Q
Give a meaning for:
Akhetaten
A
“Horizon of the Aten” - a.k.a. Amarna.
11
Q
Give a meaning for:
Akrotiri
A
Cycladic Bronze Age settlement on Volcanic Island Santorini. Destroyed and buried in ash.
12
Q
Give a meaning for:
Amarna
A
Letters or Tell El Amarna
Tell El Amarna was Akhenaten’s capital city.
13
Q
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Amenhotep
A
Pharaoh
14
Q
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amphora
A
Greek ceramic jar with two vertical handles. Used for storing liquids and solids.
15
Q
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Amurru
A
Kingdom in Western Syria/Northern Lebanon.
16
Q
Give a meaning for:
Anatolia
A
Modern Day Turkey. Country/ region where Hittites occupied.
17
Q
Give a meaning for:
Anemospilia
A
4 room shrine on Mt Jutkas. 3 violently killed skeletons inside and one killed because of an earthquake. Cult practice.
18
Q
Give a meaning for:
Ankesenamun
A
Akhenaten’s daughter. Tutankhamun’s wife. His half-sister.
19
Q
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Anu
A
Ancestor of all the deities in Ancient Mesopotamia.
20
Q
Give a meaning for:
Anubis
A
God that brings the dead forward to be judged (Egyptian)
21
Q
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ashlar
A
Masonry of large square cut stones, used as a facing on walls of brick or stone rubble.
22
Q
Give a meaning for:
Assur
A
Capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire.
23
Q
Give a meaning for:
Assyria
A
Mespotamian country. Took over Mitanni and faced the Hittites.
24
Q
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Atrius
A
Father of Agamemnon and Menelaus in Greek Mythology.
25
# Give a meaning for:
**Australopithecus**
Earliest known form of humans.
26
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**Baal**
Title meaning “owner”, “lord” in the Levant. Was applied to Gods as well.
27
# Give a meaning for:
**Babylonia**
Vassal state of Mesopotamia.
28
# Give a meaning for:
**Bahrain**
Location of an ancient Dilmun civilization.
29
# Give a meaning for:
**Blegen**
Carl Blegen (American) archaeologist worked on Pylos and Troy.
30
# Give a meaning for:
**Canaan**
Other name for the Levant. Consists of Israel, Palestine, the Westbank, West Jordan, SOuthern coast of Syria, Southern Turkey
31
# Give a meaning for:
**Cape Gelidonya**
Where the Uluburun Ship was found.
32
# Give a meaning for:
**Carchemish**
City in the Levant. Was seized by Akhenaten, captured by Hittites later.
33
# Give a meaning for:
**cartouche**
A carved tablet or drawing representing a scroll with rolled up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription.
34
# Give a meaning for:
**Catalhoyuk**
Neolithic Village - 6500-500, standard housing, shrines (mounted bull horns), collective burials. Fertility sculptures.
35
# Give a meaning for:
**Clytemnestra**
Wife of Agamemnon. Sister of Helen. In Greek Mythology.
36
# Give a meaning for:
**cuneiform**
Progression from pictographic writing - c.2400 BCE - dashes making a rough picture
37
# Give a meaning for:
**cyclopean**
Description of the size of the walls at Mycenae.
38
# Give a meaning for:
**Dier el Bahri**
Mass mortuary temple and tomb structure. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut?
39
# Give a meaning for:
**Djoser**
First pharaoh to have a step pyramid as a tomb.
40
# Give a meaning for:
**Euphrates**
River running through the Fertile Crescent (Modern Syria and Iraq)
41
# Give a meaning for:
**excarnation**
The removal of flesh and or organs of the dead before a burial - process of mummification.
42
# Give a meaning for:
**fresco**
A wall painting
43
# Give a meaning for:
**Gilgamesh**
Legend Hero
44
# Give a meaning for:
**Gobeklitepe**
Neolithic Village - 11600-10000, no town, circular structures, enclosures(closed/destroyed)
45
# Give a meaning for:
**Halys**
Halys river in Turkey.
46
# Give a meaning for:
**Hammurabi**
King of Babylon. 1792-1750 BCE - Law code (x300). Prologue, Laws, epilogue.
47
# Give a meaning for:
**Harappa**
Site in Pakistan, Indus Valley civilisation. Impressive, organised and regular layout of structure. Literate people.
48
# Give a meaning for:
**Hatshepsut**
Female Pharaoh. Daughter of Thutmose I. Highest priestess in the cult of Amun. Prolific builder at Karnak.
49
# Give a meaning for:
**Hatti**
Hittite region of Anatolia.
50
# Give a meaning for:
**Hattusa**
Capital city of Hatti.
51
# Give a meaning for:
**Hatusili**
1: Expansions, conflicts with Ahhiyawa, controlled trade.
3: Signed peace treaty with Egyptians at Kadesh.
52
# Give a meaning for:
**Hector**
Characters of Homer’s Troy
53
# Give a meaning for:
**Helen**
Characters of Homer’s Troy
54
# Give a meaning for:
**hieroglyphic**
Pictographic writing form of the Egyptians.
55
# Give a meaning for:
**Hisarlik**
The mound where Ancient Troy was excavated.
56
# Give a meaning for:
**Hittite**
Cultural group of Hattusa. People of a thousand gods.
57
# Give a meaning for:
**Homo erectus**
First fully erect ‘human’ form. Walked out of Africa in this form.
58
# Give a meaning for:
**Homo ergaster**
Human evolution stage - still in Africa.
59
# Give a meaning for:
**Homo habilis**
Human evolution stage - User of Oldowan stone tools.
60
# Give a meaning for:
**Homo sapiens**
Final stage of human evolution.
61
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**Horus**
Son of Osiris. Presents the dead to Osiris once they pass the heart test.
62
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**Inanna**
Goddess
63
# Give a meaning for:
**Jericho**
Neolithic Village - Seasonal settlement, Pre Pottery Neolithic A and B (social change)
64
# Give a meaning for:
**Kadesh**
City in the Levant where Hittites and Egyptians fought. Major trade point.
65
# Give a meaning for:
**Kato Zakro**
Eastern coast of Crete with ruins of a Minoan civilisation.
66
# Give a meaning for:
**Khafre**
Son of Khufu. Built the second pyramid of Giza and the Sphinx.
67
# Give a meaning for:
**Khufu**
Son of Sneferu. Built the Great pyramid of Giza.
68
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**Kinahhu**
Hurrian for Canaan.
69
# Give a meaning for:
**Knossos**
Main Minoan Palace. Excavated by Evans.
70
# Give a meaning for:
**Lagash**
City in the Fertile Crescent - at war with Umma - Memorialised on a stele of the Vultures
71
# Give a meaning for:
**Lake Mungo**
Dried up lake in NSW, AUS. Remains of 3 humans, potentially the oldest.
72
# Give a meaning for:
**lapis lazuli**
A short, deep-blue metamorphic rock.
73
# Give a meaning for:
**lawagetas**
Leader of the people of Mycenaean Greece. 2nd in command to wanax.
74
# Give a meaning for:
**Lebanon**
A part of the Levant.
75
# Give a meaning for:
**Lipit-Ishtar**
Another Sumerian king with a law code. Between Ur-Nammu and Hammurabi.
76
# Give a meaning for:
**Lukka**
People to the South of Hatti. Also known as sea-peoples by Egyptians.
77
# Give a meaning for:
**lustral basin**
Bath like structure in throne room.
78
# Give a meaning for:
**Luxor**
Modern day Thebes in Egypt. The Pharaoh's capital during 16th and 11th c. BCE. Two temples, Karnak and Luxor temples. Has inscriptions about Kadesh.
79
# Give a meaning for:
**Madjedbebe**
Sandstone rock shelter in NT (AUS) - oldest evidence of human habitation in Aus.
80
# Give a meaning for:
**Malia**
Major settlement in Minoan Crete. Third largest Palace.
81
# Give a meaning for:
**Mari**
Ancient cemitic city state in modern day syria.
82
# Give a meaning for:
**Marinatos**
Greek archeologist Spyridon Marinatos - discovered Akrotiri. Excavator in Crete and Mycenae.
83
# Give a meaning for:
**Mariyannu**
What the Egyptians called the Mitanni peoples. Known for horsemanship and chariots. Separated Egyptians from Hittites.
84
# Give a meaning for:
**Mediterranean**
Sea/Region
85
# Give a meaning for:
**megaron**
Large ceremonial hall with fire pit.
86
# Give a meaning for:
**Megiddo**
City where battle took place in the Levant. Thutmose III, held Meggido for 7 months. Fought Hittites.
87
# Give a meaning for:
**Mellaart**
James Mellaart - discovered Catalhoyuk in Turkey.
88
# Give a meaning for:
**Memphis**
Ancient City in Lower Egypt near Giza.
89
# Give a meaning for:
**Menelaus**
King of Mycenaean Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy. From Homer’s books.
90
# Give a meaning for:
**Menkaure**
Pharaoh who built the third and smallest pyramid at Giza, with 3 accompanying pyramids for queens.
91
# Give a meaning for:
**Merenptah**
Ramesses II successor. Depicted groups of sea peoples that attacked Egypt with Libyans.
92
# Give a meaning for:
**Mesopotamia**
Region
93
# Give a meaning for:
**Minoan**
Culture of Ancient Crete. Named by Sir Arthur Evans.
94
# Give a meaning for:
**Mitanni**
Country between Anatolia and Assyria in the Fertile Crescent.
95
# Give a meaning for:
**mortar**
Material used to hold buildings together.
96
# Give a meaning for:
**Mursili**
1: Assassinated (had expanded borders)
2 and 3: fought at Kadesh.
97
# Give a meaning for:
**Muwatali**
Muwatali II fought at Kadesh.
98
# Give a meaning for:
**Mycenae**
City of Mycenaean Greece. Mainland. Walled city - referred to as Golden Mycenae by Homer.
99
# Give a meaning for:
**Naram-Sin**
Grandson of Sargon of Akkad. Self proclaimed god. Imitating Gilgamesh on a stele with horns of deity.
100
# Give a meaning for:
**Natufian**
Culture - foragers(wheat, barley gazelle, deer, cattle, horse, wild boar), lived in Jericho.
101
# Give a meaning for:
**Neanderthal**
Stage in human evolution. After H. erectus. Large brow bone.
102
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**Nefertiti**
Great wife of Akhenaten.
103
# Give a meaning for:
**Nestor**
The king of Pylos in Homer’s Odyssey.
104
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**Odysseus**
Main protagonist in Homer’s epic the ‘Odyssey’.
105
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**Oldowan**
Oldest known stone tool industry.
106
# Give a meaning for:
**Orontes**
River. Thutomose I erected a stele here. Border of Mitanni
107
# Give a meaning for:
**Osiris**
God of the afterlife (Egypt). Observes the dead being justified and allows entry to the afterlife.
108
# Give a meaning for:
**Paranthropus**
Form of human evolution. Still quite ape-like. After australopithecus.
109
# Give a meaning for:
**Pausanius**
Heroes graves would be in the midst of the meeting place. Description of a Spartan general.
110
# Give a meaning for:
**Petrie**
Flinders Petrie. Excavator at the Great Pyramids of Egypt in 1890. Also excavated at Tell El Amarna.
111
# Give a meaning for:
**Phaistos**
Minoan Palace. Evidence of Linear B script.
112
# Give a meaning for:
**Priam**
The Last king of Troy in Greek mythology.
113
# Give a meaning for:
**Puduhepa**
Queen of Hattusili III - 2nd in command. Prominent role in government, ruled with her son.
114
# Give a meaning for:
**Punt**
Ancient Kingdom that partnered with Egypt for trade. Hatshepsut traded here.
115
# Give a meaning for:
**Pylos**
City in mainland Greece. Overlooks the bay in a sheltered position. Elaborately decorated hearth.
116
# Give a meaning for:
**Ramesses**
2: Fought at Kadesh. Was a part of the treaty.
117
# Give a meaning for:
**rhyton**
Cup for ceremonial libations.
118
# Give a meaning for:
**Saqqara**
Early dynastic mastaba (bench) tombs. Also the site of the Step Pyramid of Djoser.
119
# Give a meaning for:
**sarcophagus**
Elaborately decorated coffin for a pharaoh.
120
# Give a meaning for:
**Sargon**
King of Akkad, no dates of his reign, name meant ‘well founded King’, took over other cities.
121
# Give a meaning for:
**Schliemann**
Heinrich Schliemann. Relied on Homer. Discovered Ancient Troy. Had chance to buy Kefala Hill.
122
# Give a meaning for:
**Seti**
1: Pharaoh that recorded issues with Hittites. Father of Ramesses II. Found Hittites in Kadesh.
123
# Give a meaning for:
**Shamash**
Mesopotamian god of the Sun.
124
# Give a meaning for:
**Sneferu**
Pharaoh that built 3 pyramids; Meidum, Bent and Red (First true pyramid) Pyramids.
125
# Give a meaning for:
**Suppiluliuma**
Contemporary with 18th/19th dynasty of Egypt, Mitanni and Assyria.
126
# Give a meaning for:
**Syria**
A part of the Levant. .
127
# Give a meaning for:
**Taite**
One of the capitals of the Mitanni Empire.
128
# Give a meaning for:
**Teshub**
Hittite/Hurrian god of sky and storm.
129
# Give a meaning for:
**Thebes**
City of the Pharaohs. Was the capital city.
130
# Give a meaning for:
**tholos**
Beehive tomb - circular in shape with a conical roof and surrounding colonnade.
131
# Give a meaning for:
**Thutmose**
1: Deal with Mitanni
2: Married to Hatshepsut
3: Co-reigned with Hatshepsut.
132
# Give a meaning for:
**Tigris**
River running through the Fertile Crescent (Modern Syria and Iraq)
133
# Give a meaning for:
**Tiryns**
Mycenaean hill fort. Proposed location where Heracles performed his Twelve Labours.
134
# Give a meaning for:
**Tudhaliya**
4: Son of Puduhepa. Built Yazilikaya, reunited Hittites, fought Ahhiyawa people.
135
# Give a meaning for:
**Tutankhamun**
Son of Akhenaten, found by Howard Carter in 1926. Fully intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings. Abandoned Amarna for Memphis.
136
# Give a meaning for:
**Ugarit**
Large port city in the Levant.
137
# Give a meaning for:
**Uluburun**
Merchant ship found on Turkey’s coast. Travelling anti-clockwise around the Mediterranean with goods from multiple places.
138
# Give a meaning for:
**Umma**
City in the Fertile Crescent - at war with Lagash- Memorialised on a stele of the Vultures
139
# Give a meaning for:
**Ur-Nammu**
King 350yrs before Hammurabi. Made a law code c. 2100BCE at Nippur.
140
# Give a meaning for:
**wanax**
Supreme authority of Mycenaean Greece - head of state, administration and Religion.
141
# Give a meaning for:
**Warka**
Vase (Uruk) - Artistic interpretation of hierarchy found in Sumerian goddess Inanna’s temple.
142
# Give a meaning for:
**Washukani**
Capital city of Mitanni. Pre-Assyrian name of it.
143
# Give a meaning for:
**Wilusa**
North Western Turkey (Troy), treaty later on.
144
# Give a meaning for:
**Woolley**
Leonard Woolley. Excavator of the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Excavated 16 tombs.
145
# Give a meaning for:
**Yazilikaya**
Holy site at Hattusa. Inscribed Rock with 2 chambers.
146
# Give a meaning for:
**Zannanza**
Son of Suppiluliuma I, was sent to Egypt to become a Prince of Egypt but his death resulted in warfare.
147
# Give a meaning for:
**Ziggurat**
Tall temple towers, more elaborate, based on raised platform of earlier temples. Very Visible. Symbol of occupation Ur III Dynasty.
