Definitions of Selected Drug Categories Flashcards
(331 cards)
1
Q
An agent that will induce an abortion
A
Abortifacient
2
Q
An agent that removes an external layer, such as dental plaque (pumice)
A
Abradant
2
Q
an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response; a glucocorticoid (prednisolone, prednisone)
A
Adrenocorticosteroid, anti-inflammatory
2
Q
a drug that lowers the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systematic alkalosis (ammonium chloride)
A
Acidifier, Systematic
2
Q
see Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
A
ACE Inhibitor
2
Q
a drug that takes up other chemicals into its substance; it is used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals
A
Absorbent
2
Q
a drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine (sodium dihydrogen phosphate)
A
Acidifier, urinary
2
Q
a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; sympathomimetic drug (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
A
Adrenergic
2
Q
an adrenal cortex hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid (desoxycorticosterone acetate)
A
Adrenocorticosteroid, salt-regulating
3
Q
A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids (corticotropin)
A
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
3
Q
a drug that binds other chemicals into its surface; used to reduce the free availability of toxic chemicals
A
Adsorbent
3
Q
A drug that reacts with and activates physio-reical receptors and induces the associated biologic response
A
Agonist
3
Q
a drug that alters physiology so that unpleasant symptoms follow ingestion of ethanol-untaining products (disulfiram).
A
Alcohol-abuse deterrent
4
Q
a drug that blocks he conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (disulfiram).
A
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
5
Q
a drug that raises the internal body pH; it is useful in restoring normal pH in patients with systemic acidosis (sodium bicarbonate).
A
Alkalinizer, Systemic
6
Q
an antineoplastic drug that attacks malignant cells by reacting covalently with their DNA (chlorambucil).
A
Alkylating Agent
7
Q
a drug that blocks the digestion of carbohydrates into simple sugars that will increase blood sugar levels (oral diabetic drugs).
A
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor
8
Q
A drug that activates sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors, for example, to induce vasoconstriction (norepinephrine).
A
Alpha Receptor Agonist
9
Q
a drug that reacts asymp-tomatically with sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to induce vasodilation (phentolamine).
A
Alpha Receptor Antagonist
10
Q
a drug that decreases the levels of available 5a-reductase prior to testosterone’s binding with the enzyme, reducing levels of dihydrotestosterone.
A
Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
11
Q
an agent used to treat amoebozoa infections
(metronidazole).
A
Amebicide
12
Q
an androgen analogue with relatively greater anabolic activity; it is used to treat catabolic disorders (methandrostenolone).
A
Anabolic Steroid
13
Q
a central nervous system stimulant, sometimes used to stimulate respiration during severe central nervous system depression (doxapram, modafinil).
A
Analeptic
14
Q
a drug that suppresses pain perception (noci-ception) without inducing unconsciousness (morphine sulfate, opioid ; aspirin, nonopioid).
A
Analgesic
15
A hormone that stimulates and maintains male reproductive function and sex characteristics (testosterone).
Androgen
16
a drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness (ether, inhalation anesthetic; thiopental sodium, intravenous anesthetic; midazolam).
Anesthetic, General
17
a drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves (procaine, lidocaine).
Anesthetic, Local
18
a local anesthetic that is effective upon application to mucous membranes (tetracaine).
Anesthetic, Topical
19
a drug that inhibits biotransformation of angiotensin I into vaso-constricting angiotensin II; it is used to treat hypertension (captopril, ramipril).
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
20
a drug that acts on the brain to reduce the
appetite.
Anorexiant
21
a drug that suppresses appetite, usually by elevating mood (phentermine, sibutramine).
Anorexic
22
a drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid (calcium carbonate).
Antacid
23
a drug that reacts asymptomatically with physiological receptors and prevents their endogenous activation (naloxone, opioid receptor antagonist; propranolol and metoprolol, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists).
Antagonist
24
a drug that eradicates intestinal worm infestations (mebendazole).
Anthelmintic
25
a drug that combats the lesions of acne vulgaris (isotretinoin).
Antiacne Agent
26
a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and adrenergic drugs; a sym-patholytic drug (phentolamine, alpha adrenergic antagonist; metoprolol, beta-adrenergic antagonist).
Antiadrenergic
27
a drug that kills or inhibits protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolvtica, causative agent of amebiasis (metronidazole, intestinal antiamebic; chloroquine, extraintestinal antiamebic).
Antiamebic
28
a drug that inhibits response to andro-genic hormones.
Antiandrogen
29
a drug used to treat anemia; see Hematopoietic, Hematinic (ferrous sulfate).
Antianemic
30
a coronary vasodilator useful in preventing or treating attacks of angina pectoris (nitroglycerin).
Antianginal
31
a cardiac depressant useful in suppressing rhythm irregularities of the heart
Antiarrythmic
32
a drug that reduces the joint inflammation of arthritis (anakinra, celecoxib, ibuprofen).
Antiarthritic
33
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria (penicillin G, systemic antibacterial; nitrofurantoin, urinary antibacterial; bacitracin, topical antibacterial).
Antibacterial
34
a drug originally of microbial origin used to kill or inhibit bacterial and other infections (clarithromycin, penicillin, levofloxacin)
Antibiotic
35
a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol level (cholestyramine resin; atorvastatin, rosuvas-tatin calcium; simvastatin; ezetimibe).
Anticholesterol Agent
36
a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and cholinergic drugs; a para-sympatholytic drug (ipratropium bromide)
Anticholinergic
37
a drug that reactivates cho-linesterase enzyme after its inactivation by organophosphate poisons (pralidoxime).
Anticholinesterase Antidote
38
a drug thar opposes overdosage of anticoagulant drugs (phytonadione, supplies vitamin K to oppose vitamin K-antagonist tanticoagulants)
Anticoagulant Antagonist
39
a nontoxic agent added to collected blood to prevent clotting (anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution).
Anticoagulant, for Storage of Whole Blood
40
a drug administered to slow the clotting of circulating blood (warfarin sodium).
Anticoagulant, Systemic
41
an antieplleptic drug administered pro-phylactically to prevent seizures, or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general central nervous system depression (phenytoin, antiepileptic prophylactic; diaze. pam, central nervous system depressant anticonvulsant).
Anticonvulsant
42
a drug used to treat declining mental abilities in the elderly.
Antidementia Agent
43
a centrally acting drug that induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depression (amitriptyline).
Antidepressant
44
a drug that supplies insulin or stimulates the secretion of insulin; it is useful in treating diabetes mel. litus (insulin injection, supplies insulin; glipizide, stimulates insulin secretion; pioglitazone HCI, exenatide).
Antidiabetic
45
a drug that inhibits intestinal peristalsis; it is used to treat diarrhea (diphenoxylate; bismuth sub-salicylate; loperamide HCI).
Antidiarrheal
46
a drug that promotes renal water reabsor-tion, thus reducing urine volume; it is used to treat neurogenic diabetes insipidus (desmopressin).
Antidiuretic
47
a drug that reduces the effects of ingested poisons (or drug overdoses) by adsorbing toxic material (activated charcoal).
Antidote, General Purpose
48
a drug that reduces the effects of a systemic poison (or drug overdose) by a mechanism that relates to the particular poison (dimercaprol, specific antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning; flu-mazenil, complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines).
Antidote, Specific
49
a topical drug that aids in control of
chronic exudative skin lesions (coal tar).
Antieczematic
50
a drug that suppresses nausea and vomiting (ondansetron hydrochloride).
Antiemetic
51
a drug that aids in control of bed-wetting
(enuresis) (imipramine).
Antineuritic
52
a drug that prevents epileptic seizures upon prophylactic administration (valproic acid; topiramate).
Antiepileptic
53
a drug that inhibits the action of estrogenic hormones (tamoxifen).
Antiestrogen
54
a drug that promotes hemostasis by inhibiting clot dissolution (aminocaproic acid).
Antifibrinolytic
55
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic filarial worms (diethylcarbamazine).
Antifilarial
56
a drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas (simethicone).
Antiflatulent
57
A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi
Antifungal, systematic
58
a drug applied externally to kill or inhibit pathogenic fungi (tolnaftate).
antifungal, Topical
59
a drug that lowers intraocular fluid pressure; it is used to treat glaucoma (methazolamide and acetazolamide reduce fluid formation; isofluro. phate promotes fluid drainage).
Antiglaucoma Agent
60
a drug that inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins; it is used to suppress ovarian malfunction (danazol).
Antigonadotropin
61
a drug that reduces tissue deposits of wric acid in chronic gout or suppresses the intense inflammatory reaction of acute gout (allopurinol for chronic gout; indomethacin for acute gout).
Antigout Agent
62
a drug that replaces blood clotting factors absent in the hereditary disease hemophilia
Antihemophilic
63
a drug that inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus; it is used to treat genital herpes (acyclovir).
Antiherpes Agent
64
a drug that antagonizes histamine action at H, histamine receptors; it is useful in suppressing the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy (chlorphenira-mine maleate; cetirizine, fexofenadine HCI).
Antihistaminic
65
a drug that lowers plasma cholesterol and lipid levels (atorvastatin).
Antihyperlipidemic
66
a drug that lowers arterial blood pres-sure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertension (metoprolol; atenolol).
Antihypertensive
67
a drug that elevates plasma calcium level; it is useful in treating hypocalcemia (parathyroid iniection).
Antintihypocalcemic
68
a drug that elevates plasma glucose level; it is useful in treating hypoglycemia (glucagon).
Antihypoglycemic
69
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing skin and wounds (povidone iodine liquid soap).
Anti-infective, Topical (or Local)
70
a drug that inhibits physiological response to cell damage (prednisolone, adrenocorticosteroid; ibuprofen, nonsteroid).
Anti-inflammatory
71
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Leishmania (hydroxystillamidine isethionate).
Antileishmanial
72
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).
Antileprotic
73
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy (dapsone).
Antileprotic
74
an agent that reduces lipid levels in the blood (atorvastatin).
Antilipemic
75
a drug that kills or inhibits protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria (chloroquine).
Antimalarial
76
A drug that suppresses the excitement phase (mania) of bipolar disorder
Antimanic
77
a drug that attacks malignant cells or pathogenic cells by serving as a nonfunctional substl-tute for an essential metabolite (Quorouracil)
Antimetabolite
78
a drug that reduces incidence or severity of migraine vascular headaches (sumatriptan).
Antimigraine Agent
79
a drug that suppresses motion-induced nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (dimen-hydrinate hydrochloride).
Anti-Motion Sickness Agent
80
an anticholinergic drug that inhibits symptoms mediated by acetylcholine receptors of visceral organs (atropine sulfate).
Antimuscarinic
81
a drug used to correct or treat the symptoms of myasthenia gravis.
Antimyasthenic Agent
82
a drug used to treat fungal infections.
Antimycobacterial
83
a drug that suppresses nausea and vomit-ing; an antiemetic (ondansetron).
Antinauseant
84
a drug that attacks malignant (neoplastic) cells in the body (chlorambucil, alkylating agent).
Antineoplastic
85
a drug that eradicates parasitic arthro-pods, helminths, protozoa, etc. (permethrin for scabies, mebendazole for intestinal worms, metronidazole for amebic dysentery, malathion for head lice).
Antiparasitic
86
a drug that sup-presses the neurologic disturbances and symptoms of
parkinsonism (levodopa).
Antiparkinsonian (Antidyskinetic)
87
a drug that inhibits intestinal motility, an antidiarrheal drug (diphenoxylate hydrochloride).
Antiperistaltic
88
a drug that inhibits aggregation of blood platelets; it is used to prevent heart attack (aspi-rin; clopidogrel bisulfate).
Antiplatelet Agent
89
a type of hormone antagonist that antago-nizes or suppresses the actions of progesterone (mife-pristone).
Antiprogestin
90
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa (metronidazole).
Antiprotozoal
91
a drug that reduces itching (pruritus) (trime-prazine, systemic ; menthol, topical)
Antipruritic
92
a drug that suppresses the lesions and symptoms of psoriasis (methotrexate, systemic antipso-riatic; anthralin, topical antipsoriatic).
Antipsoriatic
93
a drug that suppresses the symptoms of psychoses of various diagnostic types (haloperidol).
Antipsychotic
94
a drug that restores normal body temperature in the presence of fever (acetaminophen).
Antipyretic
95
a drug with vitamin D activity; it is useful in treating vitamin D deficiency and rickets (cholecalciferol).
Antirachitic
96
a group of drugs used to treat infections caused by retroviruses, especially HIV.
Antiretroviral
97
an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and rheumatoid disorders (indomethacin).
Antirheumatic
98
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms of the genus Rickettsia (chloramphenicol).
Antirickettsial
99
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic flukes of the genus Schistosoma (oxamniquine).
Antischistosomal
100
a drug with vitamin C activity; it is useful in treating vitamin C deficiency and scurvy (ascorbic acid).
Antiscorbutic
101
a drug that aids in the control of seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff) (selenium sulfide).
Antiseborrhelc
102
an agent that acts to reduce or inhibit gastric secretions (omeprazole).
Antisecretory
103
a drug that inhibits the motility of visceral
smooth muscles (atropine).
Antispasmodic
104
a drug that reduces thyroid, hormone action, usually by inhibiting hormone synthesis (methimazole).
Antithyrold Agent
105
antibodies formed in response to antigenic
poisonous substances of biologic origin.
Antitoxins
106
a drug that kills or inhibits Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis (penicillin).
Antitreponemal
107
a drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa of the genus Trichomonas (metronidazole).
Antitrichomonal
108
a drug that kills or inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (isoniazid).
Antitubercular
109
a drug that suppresses coughing (dextro-methorphan hydrobromide).
Antitussive
110
a drug that kills or inhibits viral infections (idox-uridine, ophthalmic antiviral).
Antiviral
111
a drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections (amantadine, prophylactic for influenza).
Antiviral, Prophylactic
112
a drug with vitamin A activity; it is useful in treating vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia (vitamin A).
Antixerophthalmic
113
a drug that suppresses symptoms of anxiety
(diazepam; alprazolam).
Anxiolytic
114
a drug used topically to toughen and shrink tissues (aluminum acetate solution).
Astringent
115
a mild astringent suitable for use In thé eye (zinc sulfate).
Astringent, Ophthalmic
116
a sedative-hypnotic drug that contains the barbituric acid moiety in its chemical structure (phe-nobarbital).
Barbiturate
117
a plant principle derived from Atropa belladonna and related species, with anticholin-ergic action (atropine).
Belladonna Alkaloid
118
a sedative-anxiolytic-muscle relaxant drug that contains the benzodiazepine moiety in its chemical structure (diazepam).
Benzodiazepine
119
a drug that activates sympathetic nervous system beta receptors, for example, to induce bronchodilation (isoproterenol).
Beta Receptor Agonist
120
a drug that reacts asymptom-atically with sympathetic nervous system beta receptors and prevents their endogenous activation, for example, to oppose sympathetic stimulation of the heart (ateno. lol, metoprolol, propranolol).
Beta Receptor Antagonist
121
drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.
Bipolar Agents
122
drugs used to treat a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abriormally elevated moods.
Bipolar Agents
123
also called diphosphonates, are a class of drugs that are used to prevent the loss of bone mass.
Bisphosphonate
124
drugs used to maintain the levels of blood glucose within a narrow range, referred to as glucose homeostasis.
Blood Glucose Regulators
125
This includes human serum, recovered plasma, source plasma, whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, platelet rich plasma, platelet concentrates, and possibly other specialized products.
Blood products
126
a drug that slows calcium turnover in bone; it is used to treat Paget disease (etidronate).
Bone metabolism regulator
127
a drug that expands bronchiolar airways; it is useful in treating asthma (albuterol and isoproter. enol, adrenergic; oxtriphylline, smoothmuscle relaxant ).
Bronchodilator
128
an antianginal drug that acts by impairing the function of transmembrane calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle cells (verapamil).
Calcium Channel Blocker
129
a drug that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, the therapeutic effects of which are diuresis and reduced formation of intraocular fluid (acetazolamide).
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
130
a drug that depresses myocardial function; it is useful in treating cardiac arrhythmias (procainamide).
Cardiac Depressant, Antiarrhythmic
131
a plant principle derived from Digitalis purpurea and related species, with cardiotonic action (digoxin).
Cardiac Glycoside
132
a drug that increases myocardial contractile force; it is useful in treating congestive heart failure (digoxin).
Cardiotonic
133
drugs used to treat conditions related to the heart and blood vessels or the circulation.
Cardiovascular Agents
134
a drug that inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (metyrosine).
Catecholamine Synthesis Inhibitor
135
a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered stronger in action than a laxative (bisacodyl).
Carthartic
136
a topical drug that destroys tissue on contact, it is useful in removing skin lesions (toughened silvernitrate).
Caustic
137
an agent that "burns off a part of the body to remove or close it off (silver nitrate).
Cauterizing Agent
138
centrally acting drug
Central Nervous system agent
139
acuon ding that produces is therapeutic effect by action on the central nervous systern, usually designated, by the type of therapeutic action
(sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, etc.)
Centrally acting drug
140
An anti microbial drug that contains the cephalosphorin moiety in its chemical structure
Cephalosporin
141
A complex agent that binds metal ions into stable ring structures (chelates) it is userd in trealing polsonins (edetate calcium dlsodium, chelating agent for lead).
Chelating agent
142
a drug that promotes disolution of gallstones (ursodeoxycholic acid).
Cholelitholytic
143
a drug that increases bile secretion by the liver
(dehydrocholic acid).
Choleretic
144
a drug that activates organs innervated by he parasympathetic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug (neostigmine, systemic ; pilocarpine, ophthalmic).
Cholinergic
145
a drug containing gold, it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (auranofin).
chrysotherapeutic
146
see Hemostatic, Systemic.
Coagulant
147
an orally administered drug that prevents conception. Currently available oral contraceptives are for use by females (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets).
contraceptive, Oral
148
a spermicidal agent used topically in the vagina to prevent conception (nonoxynol-9).
contraceptive, Topical
149
topically administered drugs that prevent conception (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol).
Contraceptive, Transdermal
150
intravaginal ring inserted releasing drugs that prevent conception (etonogestrel/ethiny estradiol).
Contraceptive, Vaginal
151
an agent that includes the steroid hormones naturally produced in the adrenal cortex; it includes cortisol (hydrocortisone) and others.
Corticosteroid
152
an anticholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) and dilation of the pupil (cyclopentolate).
Cycloplegic
153
an adrenergic drug used orally or topically to induce vasoconstriction in nasal passages (phenylephrine HCI; pseudoephedrine HCI).
Decongestant, Nasal
154
a bland viscous liquid, usually water based, used to coat and soothe damaged or inflamed skin or mucous membranes (methylcellulose).
Demulcent
155
Drugs used to treat used to conditions of the teeth and the oral cavities
Dental and oral agents
156
A drug applied to the teeth to reduce the incidence of cavities
Dental caries prophylactic
157
a drug applied to the teeth to reduce the sensitivity of exposed subenamel dentin (potassium nitrate).
Dentin Desensitizer
158
a drug that inhibits melanin production in the skin; it is used to induce general depig-mentation in certain splotchy depigmented conditions (e.g., vitiligo) (hydroquinone).
Depigmenting Agent
159
drugs used to treat various conditions of the skin.
Dermatological (Skan) Agents
160
an emulsifying agent used as a cleanser (hexa-chlorophene liquid soap, anti-Infective)
Detergent
161
a drug used to determine the functional state of a body organ or to determine the presence of a disease (Peptavlon, gastric secretion indicator; fluores-cein sodium, corneal trauma indicator).
Diagnostic Aid
162
a drug that promotes digestion, usually by supplementing a gastrointestinal enzyme (pancreatin).
Digestive Ald
163
an agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and is suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (formaldehyde solutton).
Disinfectant
164
a drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water; it is useful in treating generalized edema (furosemide, loop diuretic; hydrochlorothiazide, thiazide diuretic; triamterene, potassium-sparing diuretic).
Diuretic
165
a drug that activates dopamine receptors, for example, to inhibit anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin (bromocriptine; pramipexole dihydrochloride; ropinirole HCI).
Dopamine Receptor Agonist
166
a drug that induces vomiting; it is useful in expelling ingested but unabsorbed poisons (ipecac syrup).
Emetic
167
a topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin and make it more pliable (cold cream).
Emollient
168
a drug that blocks endothelin receptors for treatment of a number of diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Endothelin Receptor Antagonist
169
a molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction.
Enzyme
170
an enzyme or related agent used to replace, enhance production of or act in lieu of an enzyme in the body.
Enzyme Replacement Agent
171
a growth factor that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR.
Epidermal Growth Factor
172
a plant principle derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea grown on rye or other grains (ergonovine, uterine contractant; ergotamine, migraine therapy).
Ergot Alkaloid
173
a hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics and functions in the uterine cycle (ethinyl estradiol).
Estrogen
174
a drug that increases respiratory tract secre-tions. lowers their viscosity, and promotes removal (guaifenesin).
Expectorant
175
a drug that promotes defecation by softening the feces (docusate sodium).
Fecal Softener
176
a drug that promotes ovulation in women of low fertility or spermatogenesis in men of low fertility (clomiphene).
Fertility Agent
177
an enzyme drug used topically to hydrolyze the exudates of infected and inflammatory lesions (Abrinolvsin and desoxyribonuclease, bovine).
Fibrinolytic Proteolytic
178
a drug that acts to stimulate or increase the action at the GABA receptor, producing typically sedative effects, and may cause other effects such as anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects.
GABA Agonist
179
a drug used to initiate lactation after childbirth (oxytocin nasal spray).
Galactokinetic
180
a drug that inhibits the secretion of gastric acid, as shown by the proton pump inhibitors.
Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor
181
drugs related to therapy involving the stomach and intestines, for example, H2 block-ers, proton pump inhibitors, etc.
Gastrointestinal Agents
182
a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, without disrupting their rhythm.
Gastroprokinetic
183
drugs related to therapy involving the genital and urinary tract.
Genitourinary Agents (Genital and Urinary Tract
Agents)
184
an adrenocortical hormone that regulates organic metabolism and inhibits inflammatory response (betamethasone; prednisone).
Glucocorticoid
185
a drug that will block the action of glutamic acid/glutamate.
Glutamate Inhibitor
186
a drug that supplies the gonad-stimulating actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH); it is used to promote fertility (menotropins contain FSH and LH; human chorionic gonadotropin has LH-like activity)..
Gonadotropin
187
a drug that duplicates endogenous growth hormone; it is used in children to treat growth failure due to the lack of growth hormone (somatrem).
Growth Hormone, Human
188
a drug used as an antidote to poisoning with toxic metals such as arsenic and mercury (dimercaprol).
Heavy metal antagonist
189
a drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron (ferrous sulfate).
Hematinic
190
a vitamin that stimulates the formation of blood cells; it is useful in treating vitamin deficiency anemia (cyanocobalamin).
Hematopoietic
191
a drug that improves the flow properties of blood by reducing viscosity (pentoxifylline)
Hemorheologic Agent
192
a drug applied to a bleeding surface to promote clotting or to serYt as a clot matrix (thrombin, clot promoter; oxidized cellulose, clot matrix).
Hemostatic, Local
193
a drug that stops bleeding by inhibiting systemic fibrinolysis (aminocaproic acid)
Hemostatic, Systemic
194
A drug used to combat the histamine-induced symptoms of allergy; an antihistamine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Histamine H1, Receptor Antagonist
195
a drug that inhibits histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion; it is used to treat peptic and duodenal ulcers (famotidine).
Histamine H2, Receptor Antagonist
196
a drug that inhibits the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids (statins, atorvastatin).
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
197
drugs related to therapy involving replacement or stimulation of production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prosta. glandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.
Hormonal Agents
198
drugs related to ther. apy involving suppression of excess production of hormones of the adrenal and pituitary glands as well as prostaglandins, sex hormones, and thyroid.
Hormonal Suppressants (Adrenal, Parathyroid, Pitu-itary, Sex Hormones, Thyroid)
199
a drug that duplicates the action of a physiological cell regulator (insulin, estradiol, thyroxine).
Hormone
200
an antiepileptic drug that contains the hydantoin moiety in its chemical structure (phenytoin sodium).
Hydantoin
201
an enzyme drug that promotes the diffusion of other injected drugs through connective tissues (hyaluronidase).
Hydrolytic, Injectable
202
a drug that elevates blood glucose level (glucagon).
Hyperglycemic
203
a central nervous system depressant used to induce sleep (eszopiclone, flurazepam, zolpidem tartrate).
Hypnotic
204
a condition of low blood sugar.
Hypoglycemic
205
see Antihypertensive.
Hypotensive
206
an antigen that induces antibody production against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used to provide permanent but delayed protection against infection (tetanus toxoid).
Immunizing Agent, Active
207
a drug containing antibodies against a pathogenic microorganism; it is used 10 provide immediate but temporary protection against infection (tetanus immune globulin, rabies immune globulin)
Immunizing Agent, Passive
208
antibody protein derived from blood serum; It is used to confer passive immunity to infectious diseases (see Immunizing Agent, Passive).
Immunoglobulin
209
drugs related to therapy Involving various phenomena of immunity, induced sensitivity and allergy; including vaccines and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
immunological Agents
210
a drug that inhibits immune response to foreign materials; it is used to suppress rejection of tissue grafts (azathioprine).
immunosuppressant
211
drugs used for therapy involving the inflammation of the bowel.
inflammatory Bowel Disease Agents
212
a drug that increases the contractile strength of heart muscle; a cardiotonic (digoxin, digi-toxin, dopamine).
Inotropic agent
213
A drug in the gastrointestinal tract that takes up ions present in a toxic amount with an equivalent release of nontoxic ions (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, takes up potassium ions with the release of sodium ions)
Ion Exchange Resin
214
a drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifi-cally with biologic tissue; it is used topically to induce a mild inflammatory response (camphor).
Irritant, Local
215
a topical drug that toughens and protects skin (compound benzoin tincture, salicylic acid.
Keratolytic
216
a drug that promotes defecation, usually considered milder in action than a cathartic (psyllium mucilloid, bulk laxative; mineral oil, lubricant laxative; sodium phosphates oral solution, saline laxative; bisac-odyl, irritant laxative).
Laxative
217
a drug that inhibits leukotrienes or fatty compounds produced by the - immune system that cause inflammation in asthma and bronchitis and constrict airways (montelukast).
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
218
a drug used to reduce the activitv of lipases found in the intestine secreted by the pancreas when fat is present (orlistat).
Lipase Inhibitor
219
a diuretic with renal site of action in the thick ascending loop of Henle (furosemide).
Loop Diuretic
220
a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells
Lung Surfactant
221
a drug related to therapy involving a metabolic function of bone disease.
Metabolic Bone Disease Agent
222
a drug that binds metal ions; it is useful in treating metal poisoning (dimercaprol, complexing agent for arsenic, mercury, and gold).
Metal Complexing Agent
223
an adrenocortical hormone that regulates sodium/potassium balance in the body (desoxy-corticosterone acetate).
Mineralocorticoid
224
a cholinergic drug used topically in the eye to induce constriction of the pupil (miosis) (pilocarpine).
Miotic
225
an antidepressant drug that inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, thereby increasing catecholamine levels of neurons (isocar-
boxazid).
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
226
a highly specific immunoglobulin produced by celi culture cloning (muromonab CD3, inactivates T lymphocytes that reject tissue grafts).
Monoclonal Antibody
227
a drug that hydrolyzes mucoproteins; it is useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucus (ace-tylcysteine).
Mucolytic
228
a drug that inhibits the contraction of voluntary muscles (cyclobenzaprine HCI, dantrolene, succinylcholine).
Muscle Relaxant, Skeletal
229
a drug that inhibits the contraction of visceral smooth muscles (aminophylline).
Muscle Relaxant, Smooth
230
an adrenergic drug used topically in the eye to induce dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) (phenylephrine).
Mydriatic
231
a drug that induces action by reacting with opioid receptors of the central nervous system or a drug that is legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations.
Narcotic
232
a drug that reacts with opioid receptors asymptomatically; it is used to terminate the action of narcotic drugs (naloxone).
Narcotic Antagonist
233
a drug in a class of antiviral drugs targeted at the influenza virus, which works by blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase pro-tein, preventing the virus from reproducing by budding from the host cell (oseltamivir).
Neuraminidase Inhibitor
234
a drug that paralyzes skeletal muscles by preventing transmission of neural impulses to them (succinylcholine).
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent
235
an analgesic, anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (ketoprofen).
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
236
a drug used for a condition involving the eye
Ophthalmic Agent
237
a drug used for a condition involving the ear.
Otic Agent
238
a drug that is similar to estrogen and binds to the estrogen receptor causing a negative feedback that stimulates the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone that activates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone with resultant release of an egg (clomifene).
Ovulation Stimulator
239
a drug that stimulates uterine motility; it is used in obstetrics to initiate labor or to control postpartum hemorrhage (oxytocin).
Oxytocic
240
a drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and to parasympathomi-metic drugs; an anticholinergic drug (atropine).
Parasympatholytic
241
a drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system; a cholinergic drug (metoclopramide HCI; neostigmine).
Parasympathomimetic
242
an insecticide suitable for eradicating louse infestations (pediculosis) (malathion; permethrin).
Pediculicide
243
a drug that extends the systemic duration of penicillin by inhibiting its renal excretion (probenecid).
Penicillin Adjuvant
244
an antipsychotic or antidepressant drug that contains the phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (chlorpromazine, antipsychotic; imipramine, antidepressant).
Phenothiazine
245
an agent that reduces the absorption of phosphate when taken with meals and snacks.
Phosphate Binder
246
a drug that increases cutaneous response, to ultraviolet light; it is used with ultraviolet light to treat certain skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis (methoxsalen).
Photosensitizer
247
a drug that promotes melanin synthesis in the skin (trioxsalen, oral pigmenting agent; methoxsalen, topical pigmenting agent).
Pigmenting Agent
248
a substance that can be trans-
fused to maintain fluid volume of the blood.
Plasma Volume Expander
249
contained in platelet-rich plasma that is a blood plasma that has been enriched with platelets, different growth factors, and cytokines.
Platelet Growth Factor
250
a drug that slows down platelet production in the body (anagrelide).
Platelet-Reducing Agent
251
a hormone that promotes renal reabsorption of water; it is useful in treating diabetes insipidus (vasopressin injection).
Posterior Pituitary Hormone, Antidiuretic
252
a diuretic that does not induce systemic potassium depletion as a side effect (triamterene).
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
253
an adjunctive drug that enhances the action of a primary drug, the total response being greater than the sum of the individual actions (hexafluorenium, potentiator for succinylcholine).
Potentiator
254
a progesterone-like hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle (norethindrone).
Progestin
255
a drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin-induced symptoms such as inflammation; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen).
Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor
256
a drug from the classes of cell regulating hormones cyclized from arachidonic acid (alprosta: ail, maintains ductus arteriosus patency in newborn infants pending corrective surgery for congenital hear defects).
Prostaglandin
257
is a drug used to treat or prevent infection by viruses, including HIV and hepatitis c (saquinavir).
protease inhibitor
258
a drug that blocks the action of proteasomes, cellular complexes that break down proteins (bortezomib).
proteasome Inhibitor
259
a topical drug that provides a physical barrier to the environment (zinc gelatin, skin protectant, meth. ylcellulose, ophthalmic protectant).
protectant
260
an enzyme drug for injection into herniated lumbar intervertebral discs to reduce inter. discal pressure (chymopapain).
Proteolytic, Injectable
261
a drug with vitamin K activity; itis use. ful in treating the hypoprothrombinemia of vitamin K deficiency or overdosage with a vitamin K antagonist (phytonadione).
Prothrombogenic
262
a drug that inhibits gastric acid production (omeprazole).
Proton Pump Inhibitor
263
a drug (especially a street drug) that induces vivid sensory phenomena and hallucinations (mescaline).
Psychedelic
264
a drug used to treat abnormal mental or emotional processes (chlorpromazine, haloperidol).
Psychotherapeutic
265
a drug used to help diagnose certain
medical diseases by absorbing X-rays.
Radiopaque Agent
266
a drug containing a radioactive isotope; it is used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (iodinated albumin with 1251 or 1311).
Radiopharmaceutical
267
a plant principle derived from Rauwolfia serpentina and related species, with antihy-pertensive and antipsychotic actions (reserpine).
Rauwolfia Alkaloid
268
see Ion Exchange Resin.
Resin, Electrolyte Removing
269
see X-Ray Contrast Medium.
Radiographic Agent
270
a drug that serves to increase the action of the respiratory system; it increases breathing.
Respiratory Stimulant
271
drugs used for various conditions involving the respiratory tract, including anthis-tamines and bronchodilators.
Respiratory Tract Agents (Including Antihistamines and Bronchodilators)
272
a derivative of vitamin A (retinol).
Retinoic Acid Derivative
273
a drug that inhibits the actiono catechol-O-methyltransferase.
Reverse COMT Inhibitor
274
a topical drug that induces mild skin intia-tion with erythema; it is used as a toughening agent
Rubefacient
275
a sodium-free alternative to sodium chloride used for flavoring foods (potassium chloride).
Salt substitute
276
an insecticide suitable for the eradication of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiel (scabies) (crotamiton).
Scabicide
277
an irritant drug suitable for injection into varicose veins to induce their fibrosis and obliteracon (morrhuate sodium injection).
sclerosing Agent
278
a central nervous system depressant used to induce mild relaxation (phenobarbital).
sedative
279
a compound that acts on the estrogen receptor to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues (clomifene).
selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
280
a compound that activates serotonin receptors, mimicking the effect of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
serotonin Agonist
281
a drug used to inhibit the action at serotonin receptors.
Serotonin Antagonist
282
drugs used to treat conditions related to the skeletal muscles, including cramping, spasms, etc.
skeletal Muscle Relaxants
283
a drug that serves to minimize the desire to smoke.
smoking Deterrent
284
a hormone chemically and functionally similar to somatostatin.
Somatostatin Analog
285
a drug specially adapted in its indicated use, usu-all because of a functional relationship between drug mechanism and disease pathophysiology.
Specific
286
a drug that increases the functional state of the central nervous system, sometimes used in convulsive therapy of mental disorders (flurothyl, modafinil).
Stimulant, Central
287
a drug that selectively stimulates respiration, either by peripheral initiation of respiratory reflexes or by selective central nervous system stimulation (carbon dioxide, reflex respiratory stimulant; etha-mivan, central respiratory stimulant).
Stimulant, Respiratory
288
a drug used to soften the stool by enhancing the incorporation of water to ease evacuation.
Stool softener
289
an oral antidiabetic drug that contains the sulfonylurea moiety in its chemical structure (glimepiride, glipizide).
Sulfonylurea
290
a skin protectant that absorbs light energy at wavelengths that cause sunburn (paraamino-benzoic acid, PABA).
Sunscreening Agent
291
a drug that inhibits the progress of a disease but does not cure it.
Suppressant
292
a drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to sympathomi-metic drugs; an antiadrenergic drug (phentolamine, alpha sympatholytic; propranolol, beta sympatholytic;
Sympatholytic
293
a drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system; an adrenergic drug (epinephrine).
Sympathomimetic
294
a drug administered so as to reach systemic circulation, from which the drug diffuses into all tissues, including the site of the therapeutic action.
Systemically Acting Drug
295
nutrients, minerals, and electrolytes used for replacement and enhancement in malnourished or nutritionally problematic patients.
Therapeutic Nutrients, Minerals, and Electrolytes
296
a diuretic that contains the benzo-thiadiazide (thiazide) moiety in its chemical structure (hydrochlorothiazide).
Thiazide Diuretic
297
an enzyme drug administered parenterally to solubilize blood clots (enoxaparin sodium, uroki-nase, warfarin sodium).
Thrombolytic
298
a hormone that maintains metabolic function and normal metabolic rate of tissues (levothy-roxine).
Thyroid Hormone
299
a drug applied to the body surface
for local therapeutic action.
Topically Acting Drug
300
a modified antigen from an infectious organism
used as a vaccine (tetanus toxoid).
Toxoid
301
a chemical element required by living
organisms in minute amounts (chromium).
Trace Element
302
a drug (such as antipsychotic) used to suppress an acutely disturbed emotional state (trifluopera-zine, antipsychotic).
Tranquilizer
303
an old term for an anxiolytic drug.
Tranquilizer, Minor
304
an antidepressant that contains the tricyclic phenothiazine nucleus in its chemical structure (amitriptyline, imipramine).
Tricyclic Antidepressant
305
see Antitubercular.
Tuberculostatic
306
a drug used to treat a severe disease of newborns in which ammonia is not correctly metabolized in the liver.
Urea Cyclic Disorder Agent
307
a drug that promotes renal excretion of uric acid; it is useful in treating chronic gout (probenecid).
Uricosuric
308
an agent used to adjust the pH of the urine to be more acidic (ammonium chloride).
Urinary Acidifier
309
an obstetric drug used after placenta delivery to induce sustained uterine contraction to reduce bleeding (methylergonovine).
Uterine Contractant
310
a drug that inhibits uterine muscle contraction; it is used in preterm labor to prolong gestation (ritodrine).
Uterine Contraction Inhibitor
311
an antigen-containing drug used to induce active immunity against an infectious disease
Vaccine
312
a drug that narrows arterioles, usually to elevate blood pressure. See Vasopressor.
Vasoconstrictor
313
a drug that expands blood vessels in the heart and improves coronary blood flow; it is useful in treating angina pectoris; an antianginal drug (nitroglycerin).
Vasodilator, Coronary
314
a drug that expands peripheral blood vessels and improves blood flow to the extremities of the body (minoxidil).
Vasodilator, Peripheral
315
an adrenergic drug administered to constrict arterioles and elevate arterial blood pressure (norepinephrine).
Vasopressor
316
a blistering agent or blister-producing agent (cantharidin).
Vesicant
317
a plant principle derived from Vinca rosea mnd related species, with antineoplastic action (vincris-tine).
Vinca Alkalold
318
an organic chemical essential in small amounts for normal metabolism; it is used therapeutically to supplement the vitamin content of foods (ascorbic acid, thiamine HCI, pyridoxine HCI).
vitamin
319
a plant principle chemically related to xanthine, with central nervous system stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, and diuretic actions (caffeine).
Xanthine Alkaloid
320
a substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism (allopurinol).
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
321
a drug opaque to x-rays that assists visualization of an internal organ during radio-graphic examination (barium sulfate, iopanoic acid).
X-Ray Contrast Medium
