HISTORY OF PHARMACY Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
Precision Medicine Initiative
A
2015, Pres Barack Obama
2
Q
Last state to allow pharmacists to administer immunizations
A
2009, Maine
3
Q
the founding Dean of the Feik School of Pharmacy at the University of the Incarnate world
A
2006, Dr Arcelia Johnson-Fannin
4
Q
Nationally recognized training program instituted to support pharmacists administering vaccinations
A
1996, Pharmacy Based Immunization Delivery
5
Q
The first medication proven to help treat people infected with AIDS/HIV
A
1984, Retrovir (Zidovudine or AZT)
6
Q
Generic drugs to be approved for sale while giving pharmaceutical companies longer market exclusivity to encourage continues drug research
A
1984, Hatch-Waxman Act
7
Q
Introduced the first Hepatitis B vaccine
A
1984, Merck Sharp and Dohme
8
Q
the first african american & the first woman to be elected as the pres of APhA
A
1979, Mary Munson Runge
9
Q
Medicine used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems
A
1967, beta-blockers
10
Q
1965
A
National Medicare and Medicaid programs are created
11
Q
Who developed oral polio vaccine
A
1961, Albert Sabin at the University of Cincinnati
12
Q
Who developed an injectable polio vaccine
A
1955, Jonas Salk
13
Q
Meaning of AACP
A
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
14
Q
What did AACP approved of in 1954
A
The requiring of the completion of 5 years of academic training to earn a degree in pharmacy.
15
Q
what did the FDA approved of in 1950
A
the first diuretic to treat high blood pressure
16
Q
earliest anti-cancer agents with the ability to destroy cancer cells
A
1948, Methotrexate developed by Lederle Laboratories
17
Q
the first antibiotic not derived from fungi or bacteria but the actinomycetes
A
1944, Streptomycin by Selman Waksman and colleagues at Rutgers University
18
Q
formation of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP)
A
1942
19
Q
Penicillin in medicinal form
A
1940, Howard Florey, Ernest Chain, and Norman Heatley
20
Q
Why did FDC Act passed
A
response to the Elixir of Sulfonilamide tragedy
20
Q
The law requires new drugs to be tested for safety and approved by the FDA before being sold in the market
A
1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
21
Q
when was it required to have a 4-year program to receive a Bs Pharma degree
A
1932
22
Q
1928
A
Alexander Fleming discovers Penicillin
23
Q
isolate insulin
A
1922, Fredrick Banting, Charles Best, John Macleod, and James Collip
24
America's first pharmacy sorority
1921, Kappa Epsilon
25
First known African-american graduate of the Univ of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
1920, Leo Vinton Butts
26
requires manufacturer who import additive substances, such as Opium and Cocaine to be registered
1914, Harrison Narcotic Act
26
the first Black woman to graduate form the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy and licensed pharmacist in the US
1908, Anna Louise James
27
the first effective treatment against Syphilis
1907, Arsphenamine (compound 606)
27
who discovered Arsphenamine
Paul Ehrlich
28
New York state requires graduation from a minimum of 2-year course in pharmacy before taking the licensing examination
1905
28
who successfully synthesized salicylic acid or aspirin
1892, german pharmacist Felix Hoffmann
28
the first african american woman to successfully own and operate her own drugstore
1899, Julia Pearl Hughes
29
the first african american registered pharmacist in the state of Massachusetts
1886, Robert H Carter
30
who created a syrup (the original coca-cola)
1886, Dr. John Stitch Pemberton from Atlanta
31
Developed the rabbies vaccine
1885, Louis Pasteur
32
the first established national professional society of American Pharmacists
1852, American Pharmaceutical (Pharmacists) Association
33
Opened the first black owned pharmacy
1837, Dr. James McCune Smith
34
first african american to earn a medical degree
1837, Dr. James McCune Smith
35
one of the first pharmacist to introduce soda fountain
1825, Elias Durand
36
America's first school of Pharmacy
1821, Philadelphia college of Pharmacy
37
discovered the first known heart medicine
1799, John Ferrriar
38
system of standard to be used as reference guide for professional pharmacists
1820, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
39
first hospital pharmacy
1752, Philadelphia Hospital
40
wiped out 1/3 of the world's population
1347-1351, Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
40
opened one of colonial america's first apothecaries in Philadelphia
1729, Christopher Marshall
41
Father of American Pharmacy
William Procter Jr.
41
Pharmaceutical boards
1868, John Maish
41
Published the Practice of Pharmacy
1885, Joseph Remington
41
Defines what drugs require prescription by a licensed practitioner and requires to include legend to the label
1951, Durham-Humphrey Amendment
41
prohibited interstate commerce and adulterated or misbranded food and drugs
Food and Drug Act of 1906
41
Mandate drug manufacturers to submit evidence of new drugs' safety and effectiveness before marketing
1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FDC act)
41
Requires drug manufacturers to provide proof of both safety and effectiveness before marketing
1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendments
41
Requires childproof packaging on all controlled and most prescribed drugs
1970 Poison Prevention Packaging Act
42
Classifies drugs that may be easily abused and restricts their distribution
1970 Controlled Substance Act (CSA)
43
Required Pharmacists to offer counseling to Medicaid patients regarding medications
1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
44
Serpent drinking from a bowl
Bowl of Hygeia
44
Provide broad and stringent regulation to protect patients' privacy
1996, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
44
Symbols of Pharmacy
Bowl of Hygeia, Caduceus, Mortar and Pestle, Rx Symbol
45
Goddess of Health
Hygeia
46
father of Hygeia
Aesculapiu
46
The symbol of 2 snakes on a staff
Caduceus
46
Caduceus is carried by
Mercury (Roman) or Hermes (Greek)
47
tools in traditional pharmacy
Mortar and Pestle
48
the recipe sign
Rx
48
latin of recipe
take thou
48
rites of shamans
oral rite, manual rite
49
faith healers
shamans
49
shanidar cave burial
50,000 yrs ago, Neanderthal man buried in the Shanidar cave of Northern Iraq
50
they believe that one could avoid disease leading a righteous life and worshiping the proper god
Mesopotamians
51
3 Deities/gods
Ninazu, Ningishzida, Gula (Ninkarrak)
51
Lord Physician
Ninazu
52
Son of Ninazu
Ningishzida
53
Goddess of death and healing, Patroness of the Physicians, great lady of physicians
Gula (Ninkarrak)
53
3 main medical practitioners
Asu, Ashipu, Baru
53
Believed that a sick person was one our of harmony with the world
Ancient Egyptians
54
Library oof Nineveh
32,000 clay tablets
55
Thoth
the inventor of science and medicine, and the patron of physicians
56
Imhotep
the god of medicine, first to establish medical healing
57
kinetic scroll over 800 prescriptions using over 700 herbal remedies
1500BC, Papyrus Ebers
58
Pen-ts'ao
material medica, fundamental of simples, and the botanical basis of pharmacy
58
Father of Pharmaceutics in Ancient china
Shen-nung by Liu An 2nd Century BC
59
Greek physician who established practices of treating patients
Hippocrates
60
Father of Botany
Theophrastus (300BC)
60
seeking a natural basis for disease, its causes and treatment
Greek medicine (Ancient Greece)
61
botanical works of Theophrastus
De Historia Plantarum and De Causis Plantarum
62
400AD-1453
Middle Ages
62
A prominent Greek physician, surgeon, and
philosopher in the Roman Empire.
CLAUDIUS GALEN
63
name still is associated
with that class of pharmaceuticals
compounded by mechanical means
Galenicals.
64
a 5-volume encyclopedia about herbal
medicine and related medicinal substances
De Materia Medica
64
Mohamedanism
Greek writings about medicine were
translated to Arabic.
64
He was the originator of the formula for a
COLD CREAM
CLAUDIUS GALEN
64
The royal toxicologist
MITHRIDATES VI, KING OF PONTUS (ABOUT 100
BC)
64
It is the oldest
pharmaceutical compound
in existence
Hiera picra (holy bitter)
64
Or sealed earth was a
greasy clay. It was formed
into large, tablet-like units
Terra sigillata
64
Intended as an antidote to
the bites of wild creatures,
eventually became a
universal antidote for
poisons and remedy used
in many illnesses.
Theriaca (tiriaca, treacle)
64
the author of De Materia Medica
PEDANIOS DIOSCORIDES (1st Century AD)
65
Works of Galen and Dioscorides was
accepted by Arabs.
Mohamedanism
66
translated the entire
available Hippocratic corpus and works of
Galen, Dioscorides, Oribasius and Paul of
Aegina.
Hunain ibn Ishaq
67
compile a prototype of the
formularies now used today – it was a
compilation of formulas or recipes for
medications, arranged in an order
Sabur ibn Sahl, al-Aqrabadhin al-Kabir
68
Persian
Philosopher and physician sought to unify all
medical knowledge in his Canon medicinae.
Ibn Sina, Avicenna
69
contained a treatise on
poisons, sections on the preparation of
medicines, and a long list of medicinal
recipe
Canon medicinae
70
Rejected the old idea that foul tasting worked
best in medicine.
RHAZES (860-932) & AVICENNA (980-1063)
70
codified the separate
practice of pharmacy from medicine.
King Fredrick II of Sicily
70
They developed and exerted effort in their
dosage forms elegant and palatable through
silvering of pills and use of syrups.
AZES (860-932) & AVICENNA (980-1063)
71
introduced the idea of the body as a
chemical process which became more widely applied
in pharmacy.
Paracelsus
72
Father of
Toxicology
Paracelsus
73
Paracelsus
Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von
Hohenheim
73
treat
malarial fevers.
Quinine drug (1820)
74
proved that microorganisms
caused diseases
Robert Koch (1876)
74
GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
By Pasteur and Koch (1880 – 1890)
74
3 vaccines discovered by Pasteur and Koch
fowl cholera (1881), anthrax (1881) and
rabies (1885).
75
First discovered chemotherapeutic agents.
Paul Ehrlich’s Salvarsan in 1910
75
Introduced the “selective toxicity” principle
Paul Ehrlich’s Salvarsan in 1910
76
dramatic change for medical care including
Pharmacy.
20th century
77
discoveries in 20th century
Cortisones, tranquilizers, antihypertensives,
radioisotopes and oral contraceptives
77
leading retail pharmacy, in large-scale
chemical manufacturer, a place for training
pharmacists, and an important supply depot
during the American Revolution.
MARSHALL APOTHECARY IN PHILADELPHIA
77
when was Patents granted
1790
78
started self service in the Pharmacy.
Jack Eckerd (1945)
78
first hospital pharmacist
Jonathan Roberts
78
a pharmacist and a physician
championed prescription writing and the
separation of the two professions.
John Morgan
78
Who started the first hospital pharmacy internship
program
Harvey Whitney in
1927 at the University of Michigan Hospital
in Ann Harbor.
78
When was American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
(ASHP) formed
1942
79
in 1995, ASHP changes its name to
American Society of Health System
Pharmacists.
79
When ASHP ended joint membership with APhA
1972
79
pre-historic periods in the Ph
Mythical period, superstitious period, empirical period
80
A woman mystic who is “a specialist” in the
fields of culture, religion, medicine and all
kinds of theoretical knowledge about the
phenomenon of nature.
KATALONAN OR BABAYLAN
81
Ancient Filipino believed that diseases are
caused by spiritual or elemental forces.
Superstitious Period
81
These are skilled men in the use of healing
herbs
Herbolarios
81
When did the spanish period began
Began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s
expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico
82
the first great institution of learning established
in the Philippines.
University of Santo Tomas
82
UST old name
“Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario”
83
Dominican priest, native of Madrid “Medicinas
Caseras” 1st Edition 1786 – contained
suggestions for treatment of certain diseases
Fr. Fernando Santa Maria (1704 – 1774)
84
3 TOPICs of Medicinas Caseras
Medicinal barks and herbs, Various sickness , Various secrets and rareties worth
knowing
85
His botanical masterpiece “Flora de
Filipinas”
Fr. Blanco, OSA
86
The purpose is to protect the health of the Filipinos by
producing well-trained practitioners to help the
physicians and pharmacist.
Establishment of the school of “practicantes de medicina
y farmacia”
87
Spanish Pharmacist and Physician who owned a small apothecary shop
Don Lorenzo
Negrao (Escolta, Manila 1830)
88
Constructed in 1577 by the Franciscans
Hospital de San Juan de Dios adn San Larazo Hospital
89
Hospital managed by the Dominicans in 1588
Hospital de San Gabriel in Binondo
90
Establishment of the Board of
Pharmaceutical Examiners
1903 (American Occupation)
91
Board of Pharmaceutical Examiners
1903
92
The 1st chain of drugstores in the
Philippines
Southstar drug (1937)
93
It is the National Profession Organization of
Pharmacists in the Philippines.
PPhA (1920)
94
Who organized review class for UST graduates for the Boards
Dr. Alejandro Albert (1904)
95
Review class Converted into the Manila College of
Pharmacy
Atty. Felimon Tanchoco 1915
96
First filipino run pharmacy school
1947 – Manila Central University
97
He is the First Filipino Pharmacist
Leon Maria Guerrero y Leogardo
