definitions paper 2

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

Question 2

What is a megacity?

Answer 2

A city with a population of over 10 million people.

Question 3

What is rural–urban migration?

Answer 3

The movement of people from the countryside to cities.

Question 4

What is natural increase?

Answer 4

When birth rate is higher than death rate.

Question 5

What is urban sprawl?

Answer 5

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the countryside.

Question 6

What is an informal settlement?

Answer 6

A residential area where housing has been built without legal permission.

Question 7

What is a squatter settlement?

Answer 7

An area of poor-quality housing, often illegally built and lacking services.

Question 8

What is a site and service scheme?

Answer 8

A project that provides land and basic services for people to build their own homes.

Question 9

What is an integrated transport system?

Answer 9

Different forms of transport linked together to make travel easier.

Question 10

What is sustainable urban living?

Answer 10

Living in cities in a way that doesn’t harm the environment or future generations.

Question 11

What is urban regeneration?

Answer 11

The improvement of run-down parts of a city.

Question 12

What is development?

Answer 12

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth and quality of life.

Question 13

What is a LIC?

Answer 13

A country with a low level of income and development.

Question 14

What is a NEE?

Answer 14

A country that is experiencing rapid economic growth and development.

Question 15

What is a HIC?

Answer 15

A country with a high level of income and development.

Question 16

What is Gross National Income (GNI)?

Answer 16

The total income earned by a country’s residents and businesses.

Question 17

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer 17

A measure of development based on life expectancy, education, and income.

Question 18

What is primary industry?

Answer 18

Jobs that involve using natural resources, e.g. farming or mining.

Question 19

What is secondary industry?

Answer 19

Jobs that involve manufacturing products in factories.

Question 20

What is tertiary industry?

Answer 20

Jobs that involve providing a service, e.g. teaching or retail.

Question 21

What is quaternary industry?

Answer 21

Jobs in research, IT and high-level decision-making.

Question 22

What is aid?

Answer 22

Help given by one country to another, such as money or resources.

Question 23

What is Fairtrade?

Answer 23

A scheme that ensures farmers in LICs get a fair price for their goods.

Question 24

What is debt relief?

Answer 24

When part of a country’s debt is cancelled or reduced.

Question 25

What is tourism?

Answer 25

Travel for pleasure, which can bring income and jobs to a country.

Question 26

What is de-industrialisation?

Answer 26

The decline of manufacturing industries in HICs.

Question 27

What is a post-industrial economy?

Answer 27

An economy where most jobs are in services and technology, not manufacturing.

Question 28

What is globalisation?

Answer 28

The process by which the world is becoming more connected.

Question 29

What is an enterprise zone?

Answer 29

An area where businesses get benefits like tax breaks to encourage economic growth.

Question 30

What is infrastructure?

Answer 30

Basic services and facilities like roads, water, power and schools.

Question 31

What is the North–South divide?

Answer 31

Economic and social differences between southern and northern England.

Question 32

What is a resource?

Answer 32

A stock or supply of something useful, such as food, water or energy.

Question 33

What is food security?

Answer 33

When people have reliable access to enough nutritious food.

Question 34

What is energy mix?

Answer 34

The range of energy sources used by a country.

Question 35

What is renewable energy?

Answer 35

Energy from a source that won’t run out, e.g. solar or wind.

Question 36

What is non-renewable energy?

Answer 36

Energy from a source that can run out, e.g. coal or gas.

Question 37

What is energy insecurity?

Answer 37

When a country cannot guarantee enough energy for its needs.

Question 38

What is water stress?

Answer 38

When the demand for water exceeds the available amount.